INDIANA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 



The act of the Indiana General Assembly signed by Governor 
Ralston on March 8, 1915, creating the Indiana Historical Commission, 
assigned to that body as one of its duties to collect and publish docu- 
mentary and other materials on the history of Indiana. The law pro- 
vides that these volumes should be printed and bound at the expense of 
the State, and be made available to the public. Copies are offered at 
practically the cost of printing the volumes, the proceeds to go into the 
State treasury for the use of the Historical Commission in producing 
other volumes. One copy is to be furnished at the expense of the Com- 
mission to each public library, college and normal school in the State. 

Two hundred copies are to be furnished to the Indiana State Library 
and two hundred copies to the Historical Survey of Indiana University, 
for purposes of exchange with other states for similar publications. Of 
the $25,000 appropriated to the Commission for Centennial purposes, 
$5,000 were permitted to be used for historical publications. 



INDIANA HISTORICAL COMMISSION. 

* Samuel M. Ralston, President 
Frank B. Wynn, Vice-President 
Harlow Lindley, Secretary 
James A. Woodburn 
Charles W. Moores 
Samuel M. Foster 
John Cavanaugh 
Charity Dye 
Lew M. O'Bannon 

publication committee 

James A. Woodburn 
Charles W. Moores 
Harlow Lindley 

Walter C. Woodward, Director 
Lucy M. Elliott, Assistant Director 



'Governor James P. Goodrich became a member of the Commission ex officio upon his inaugura- 
tion January 8, 1917, and was elected President of the Commission, May 25. 



INDIANAPOLIS : 

WM. B. BURFORD, CONTRACTOR FOR STATE PRINTING AND BINDING 
1919 



INDIANA HISTORICAL COLLECTIONS 

THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

1916 



A Record of the Celebration of the One Hundredth 

Anniversary of Indiana's Admission 

to Statehood 



EDITED BY 

HARLOW LINDLEY 
Secretary Indiana Historical Commission 

t J ■ m^ i- ' ^ ' ■ 



PUBLISHED BY 

THE INDIANA HISTORICAL COMMISSION 

INDIANAPOLIS 

1919 






PREFACE 



The Indiana Historical Commission presents to the people 
of the State a report of its activities during the Centennial 
year, together with a history of both the County and State 
celebrations. These events have become a part of the his- 
tory of our Commonwealth and it seems only appropriate that 
a record of them should be permanently preserved. The Sec- 
retary of the Commission, upon whom has devolved the re- 
sponsibility of collecting and editing this material, wishes 
to acknowledge in particular the valued services of Dr. Walter 
C. Woodward, Director of the Centennial activities of the 
Commission, in writing the history of the County celebra- 
tions, and that of County Day in connection with the State 
celebration at Indianapolis, October sixth. 

Harlow Lindley. 



•7 of B. 

OCT 4 



CONTENTS 



I. 

PAGE 

The Beginnings of the State 15 



II. 

REP.mT OF THE C )MMISSI0n'S ACTIVITIES. 

Organisation and Scope of the Commission 23 

A Campaign of Centennial Education 26 

Work in Schools and Clubs 33 

Pageantry 36 

Permanent Memorials 42 

State Parks as a Centennial Memorial 45 

Indiana Centennial Medal 56 

Historical Publications 58 

Summary 62 

III. 

Celebrati >ns. 

County Celebrations 71 

State Celebration at Indianapolis 280 

The Indiana Pageant at Indianapolis 317 

The Ohio Valley Historical Association 323 

IV. 

Admission Day Exercises, December 11, 1916. 

The Observance of Admission Day 343 

State Celebration at Indianapolis 344 

APPENDIX. 

Centennial Addresses by Governor Samuel M. Ralston. 

Indiana Day Address at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, June 26, 1915 375 

Indianapolis Board of Trade Centennial Dinner, February 22, 1916 390 

Fayette County Centennial Address at Connersville, July 6, 1916 395 

Unveiling Exercises, State House Yard, October 9, 1916 397 

(9) 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



The Indiana Centennial Medal Frontispiece 

The Constitutional Elm 13 

The Indiana Historical Commission 21 

Riley Telling the Story of Indiana '. 29 

William Chaiincy Langdon, Pageant Master 37 

Map of Turkey Rim 46 

Views of Turkey Run 51 

McCormick's Creek Canon 52 

Walter C. Woodward, Director 69 

Lucy M. Elliott, Assistant Director 69 

The Capitol at Corydon 135 

The Corydon Pageant 163 

I'erritorial Legislative Meeting Hall at Vincennes 187 

The Pageant of Bloomington and Indiana University 2 9 

The Pageant of Indiana 319 

Indiana's One Hundredth Anniversary 342 

Hymn to Indiana 372 

Indiana Slogan 400 



(If 



PART I 
The Beginnings of the State 



(11) 




(13) 



The Beginnings of the State 

1679-1816 



One hundred years ago Indiana was admitted to the Union. 
It was the sixth State to be added to the original thirteen and 
one of five States carved from the vast and fertile region of 
wilderness and prairie lying between the Great Lakes and 
the Ohio River that had been earlier known as the North- 
west Territory. 

The first record that we have of white men within the 
present boundaries of Indiana was in December, 1679, when 
LaSalle, a French explorer and trader, with a band of twenty- 
eight men, traveling by canoe, crossed the portage path from 
the St. Joseph River to the Kankakee near the site of the 
present city of South Bend. The French had established set- 
tlements in Canada on the St. Lawrence River seventy years 
before and their missionaries, explorers and traders had made 
visits to other parts of the rich territory surrounding the 
Great Lakes and the rivers of the west. For nearly a cen- 
tury thereafter the Ohio and Mississippi valleys were gen- 
erally recognized as French territory. 

The date of the first permanent settlement within what 
are now the boundaries of Indiana is not definitely known, 
but from the records of the Jesuit missionaries and fugitive 
accounts by French officers and traders, it seems that the post 
on the Wabash at Vincennes must have been established very 
early in the eighteenth century. 

The struggle between the English and French for posses- 
sion of the Ohio Valley and for the control of the valuable fur 
trade, which extended over many years, was ended by the 
treaty of 1763 when the French gave up this territory to the 
English. 

After the outbreak of the American Revolution, Governor 
Patrick Henry of Virginia gave instructions to Colonel George 
Rogers Clark to proceed with a little army of militia against 
the posts at Kaskaskia and Vincennes. The final success of 
this expedition in February, 1779, was one of the important 

(15) 



16 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

achievements of the American army and added a vast do- 
minion to the territory of the Colonies. When a treaty of 
peace was signed with the British in 1783, the American pos- 
sessions were bounded on the west by the Mississippi River 
and on the north by the Great Lakes. The western terri- 
tory was recognized as being under the control of Virginia, 
whose troops had captured it from the English, but in 1784 
Virginia ceded it to the United States. 

By the Ordinance of 1787, Congress provided a govern- 
ment for this Northwest Territory and also enacted that out 
of it there should be created not less than three nor more than 
five States, each of which was to be admitted to the Union 
when it could be shown to have at least 60,000 free inhab- 
itants. Under this Ordinance the first popular government 
was established within this territory, to succeed the French 
and British military administrations in which the people had 
no voice. 

The creation of the first organized civil government within 
the boundaries of what is now the State of Indiana was, in 
1790, when Winthrop Sargent, the acting governor, organ- 
ized at Vincennes the county of Knox, a subdivision of the 
Northwest Territory larger than the present State of Indiana. 
But the distances between the settlements were so great and 
the exercise of even the simplest forms of government so dif- 
ficult that plans for subdividing the Northwest Territory were 
soon advanced by William Henry Harrison, the delegate in 
Congress, and a law creating Indiana Territory was secured 
to take effect on the 4th of July, 1800. 

This territory of Indiana, bounded on the south by the 
Ohio, on the west by the Mississippi and on the north by the 
Dominion of Canada, included territory that is now within 
the States of Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin and Minnesota. 
William Henry Harrison was appointed by the President, 
John Adams, to be the first territorial governor and the cap- 
ital was established at Vincennes. According to the census 
of 1800 the population of the Territory was 6,550, of whom 
929 lived at Clark's Grant on the Ohio, 2,497, mostly French, 
at Vincennes, and the rest along the Mississippi as far north 
as Mackinac. 

Within the next few years considerable progress was made 
in the formation of stable government, the arranging of 



THE BEGINNINGS OF THE STATE • 17 

treaties with the Indians, and the opening of lands for set- 
tlement. In 1809 Congress passed an act of separation, di- 
viding the territories of Indiana and Illinois. This left the 
town of Vincennes on the western boundary of the new In- 
diana Territory and a movement was soon started to locate 
the capital where it would be nearer to the geographical cen- 
ter. After a spirited contest, the little town of Corydon, the 
county seat of Harrison County, was chosen in 1813 as the 
new capital. Corydon had been laid out five years before 
and boasted a court house forty feet square, built of blue lime- 
stone. 

Numerous petitions were presented to Congress asking 
that Indiana be made a State. The population had been in- 
creasing rapidly, especially in the territory along the Ohio 
and lower Wabash Rivers and in the Valley of the White- 
water. Many settlers were crossing from Kentucky and 
many were entering the territory from the upper waters of 
the Ohio. New towns were being laid out all the way along 
the southern border of the State, and a census taken in 1815 
showed a population of 63,897, more than the minimum re- 
quired for statehood by the Ordinance of 1787. 

On April 19, 1816, the President of the United States 
approved an enabling act providing for the admission of In- 
diana to the Union. The duty of naming the new state was 
left to its inhabitants. Its boundaries were the same as they 
are now. In accordance with this law, forty-three delegates 
were elected to the constitutional convention which met in 
Corydon on June 10th and was in session for eighteen work- 
ing days. It contained such able men as Jonathan Jennings, 
the delegate in congress from the territory, who served as 
president of the convention and afterward as governor ; James 
Noble and Robert Hanna, who became United States sena- 
tors; Benjamin Parke, James Scott and John Johnson, after- 
ward distinguished judges, and many other men of ability, 
including John Badollet, Dr. David H. Maxwell, John DePauw, 
Frederick Rapp and Jesse Holman. William Hendricks, the 
second governor of the State, was secretary of the convention. 

The crowd of nearly fifty men seriously taxed the accom- 
modations of the little village of Corydon. As it was the har- 
vest season many members were anxious to get home and 
there was every inducement for the convention to complete its 



18 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

work as rapidly as possible. The sessions were first held in 
the little stone court house that had become the capital as 
well, but when the sultry June days became too warm the con- 
vention met under the shade of a great tree near by, that be- 
came known as the Constitutional Elm, and is now tenderly 
cared for because of the shelter it gave to the founders of the 
State. The constitution as finally adopted was composed in 
part of portions of the constitutions of Ohio, Kentucky and 
the United States, the material difi'erences being in favor of 
wider democracy. It was a creditable document in every 
way. Its most notable innovation was the recognition which 
it contained of the duty of the State to educate all of its 
citizens, and Indiana was the first State to provide in its 
fundamental law for a general system of free education cul- 
minating in a university. 

In accordance with the provisions of the new constitution, 
state and county elections were held in August, Jonathan Jen- 
nings being elected governor; Christopher Harrison, lieuten- 
ant governor, and William Hendricks, representative to 
Congress. The first session of the general assembly met at 
Corydon on November 4, 1816, chose James Noble and Waller 
Taylor to represent the new State in the United States Sen- 
ate, elected minor state officers and judges as provided in the 
new constitution, and began the work of providing for a sys- 
tem of local laws. Indiana was formally admitted into the 
Union by a joint resolution of Congress approved December 
11, 1816, and the life of the State began. 

Lee Burns. 



PART II 

Report of the Commission's Activities 



(19) 




f^i> 



m^^ 



o 



w 







(211 



Organization and Scope of the Commission 



The Indiana Historical Commission hereby submits to the 
people of the State a report of its work. 

We deem it proper to speak first of the origin of the Com- 
mission and the scope of its duties as defined in the legislative 
act creating this body. 

The act of the legislature creating the Indiana Historical 
Commission was approved by Governor Ralston on March 
8, 1915. It provided for the editing and publication of his- 
torical material and for an historical and educational cele- 
bration of the State's Centennial year — the one hundredth 
anniversary of Indiana's admission to the Union. The Com- 
mission was made to consist of nine members : The Governor 
of the State, the Director of the Indiana Historical Survey 
of Indiana University (Professor James A. Woodburn) and 
the Director of the Department of Indiana History and 
Archives of the State Library (Professor Harlow Lindley of 
Earlham College) were by the act made ex-officio members 
of the Commission. The Indiana Historical Society was em- 
powered to name a member and Mr. Charles W. Moores of 
Indianapolis, First Vice-President of that Society, was so des- 
ignated. The Governor was authorized to appoint five other 
members. This he proceeded to do by naming the Rev. John 
Cavanaugh, President of Notre Dame University, Dr. Frank 
B. Wynn of Indianapolis, Mr. Samuel M. Foster, of Fort 
Wayne, Mr. Lew M. O'Bannon of Corydon, and Miss Charity 
Dye of Indianapolis. 

The creating act laid out v/ork for the Commission on 
two lines: 

In the first place it was made the duty of the Commission 
to collect, edit, and publish documentary and other materials 
relating to the history of Indiana. It was provided that the 
published volumes of the Commission to be printed and bound 
at the expense of the State in such numbers as the Commis- 
sion might direct, should be distributed free to each public 
library in the State and to the library of each college and nor- 
mal school in the State. It was required that two hundred 

2—15997 (23) 



24 THE INDIANxV CENTENNIAL 

copies should be supplied to the State Library and two hun- 
dred copies to the Indiana Historical Survey, these copies to 
be used in making exchanges for similar publications issued 
by the Historical Commissions, societies, and agencies of 
other States. It was further provided that other copies of 
these historical and documentary volumes might be sold by 
the Historical Commission at a price to be fixed by that body, 
and the moneys received therefrom shall be placed in the 
State Treasury to the credit of the Historical Commission. 

The second and distinct line of work to which the Com- 
mission was required to give its attention was to prepare and 
execute plans for the Centennial celebration in 1916 of In- 
diana's admission to statehood. In the execution of this task 
it was provided that the Commission might arrange such ex- 
hibits, pageants, and celebrations as it might deem proper to 
illustrate the epochs in the growth of Indiana; to reveal the 
past and present resources of the State in each field of activ- 
ity; to teach the development of industrial, agricultural, and 
social life and the conservation of natural resources. The 
Commission was authorized to prepare cuts, photographs, and 
materials illustrative of the history and development of the 
State and to cooperate in such manner as the Commission 
might determine with State and local authorities and agencies 
in stimulating public interest and activity in the celebration. 

The members of the Commission while being allowed their 
actual and necessary traveling expenses when attending the 
meetings of the Commission or engaged in its work, were 
allowed no compensation for their services. But the Commis- 
sion was authorized to employ such clerical and other assist- 
ance as might be necessary to carry out its duties. Professor 
Walter C. Woodward of Earlham College was chosen Director, 
and Miss Lucy M. Elliott as Assistant Director of the Com- 
mission's activities. 

For all of this work there was appropriated for the use of 
the Commission the sum of $25,000, of which $5,000 might be 
applied, if the Commission so ordered, for the publication of 
historical materials. 

So much for the official act creating the Commission and 
defining the scope of its work. 

We shall now seek to summarize as briefly as possible what 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 25 

the Commission has done in the performance of its duties and 
in the execution of the tasks imposed upon it. 

Of the appropriation allowed ($25,000) the Commission 
at the outset laid aside $5,000 for the publication of historical 
material. The remaining sum ($20,000) has been the amount 
at the disposal of the Commission for the promotion of the 
Centennial celebrations throughout the State. It was evident 
from the small amount at the disposal of the Commission that 
any extensive and worthy celebrations would have to be 
financed by the people in the various localities in their own 
way, and that has been generally done by the people of the 
several communities in a splendid spirit of state pride and 
patriotism. The Commission used its small fund apart from 
the necessary expenses of the Commission in a steady cam- 
paigTi of education, to arouse and cultivate popular interest, 
to encourage local initiative and activity, and to give infor- 
mation and assistance in every way possible to the counties 
and local communities in their celebrations. 



A Campaign of Centennial Education 



The immediate problem confronting the Commission on its 
organization was one of publicity in its widest sense. The 
people of Indiana as a whole knew little and therefore cared 
little about the Centennial anniversary and its proper cele- 
bration. There v/as the usual amount of inertia to overcome, 
the ever present demands of business life to meet, and an un- 
usually active political campaign with which to compete for 
the attention of citizens. It was therefore no little task to 
educate and to arouse the State over the comparatively unex- 
citing and unremunerative subject of Centennial observance. 
Many and various were the means applied toward this end. 

General bulletins Vv^ere issued for wide distribution, set- 
ting forth comprehensively the purpose of the Commission, 
and presenting plans for a state-wide celebration. A special 
bulletin was addressed to the county school superintendents 
of Indiana, asking their cooperation and pointing out how it 
might be given. Special articles were prepared for newspa- 
pers and periodicals and various news agencies. Starting in 
September, 1915, the Commission began the publication of a 
weekly news-letter, which served as a clearing house of infor- 
mation for the county chairmen and the press of the State. 
It was published regularly for a little more than a year. 
Primarily for the children of Indiana, Miss Dye of the Com- 
mission edited a department known as "The Centennial Story 
Hour," in the Sunday edition of the Indianapolis Star, in 
which leading facts of Indiana history were entertainingly 
told. She also organized the "State-wide Letter Exchange" 
among the school children, wherein pupils from different 
parts of the State wrote each other of the interesting things 
in the history and life of their respective neighborhoods. 

Realizing the prime necessity of arousing the interest of 
the school population, as a potent means of publicity, to say 
nothing of permanent results, the Commission made an ap- 
peal directly to the teachers of Indiana through the county 
institutes of the summer and fall of 1915. In this it had al- 
most the unfailing cooperation of the county superintendents. 

(26) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 27 

With a volunteer force consisting largely of a half dozen 
speakers, mostly connected with the Commission, a schedule 
was arranged by the Director whereby practically all the 
county institutes were addressed in the interest of the Cen- 
tennial observance and of a more thorough study of our own 
State. 

A large number of addresses were also made before clubs, 
commercial and civic organizations, historical societies, church 
organizations and public gatherings of various kinds. The 
most arduous worker in this respect was Miss Dye, who made 
one hundred and fifty-two addresses and talks all over Indi- 
ana. The Secretary addressed county teachers' institutes in 
fourteen counties, and literary clubs and local historical soci- 
eties in six counties. The Vice-President of the Commission 
made a great number of addresses and similar activity was 
shown by other members. The Director and Assistant Di- 
rector naturally visited many sections of the State in the work 
of agitation and organization. While the majority of its 
meetings were held at the Capital, the Commission met a few 
times out in the State for the purpose of arousing interest 
in different sections and giving encouragement. On such 
occasions public meetings were generally held, addressed by 
the members. The Commission met at Corydon in the au- 
tumn, at Vincennes in the winter, and at South Bend and 
Bloomington in the spring. 

Many patriotic citizens who had no immediate connection 
with the Commission volunteered their services as speakers 
and were used effectively. In anticipation of the year's de- 
mands for speakers in connection with Centennial organiza- 
tion and celebrations, the Commission organized a volunteer 
speakers' bureau. Men and women throughout the State were 
called upon to donate their services in this direction, if 
needed, and almost no declinations were received. 

As soon as the work of the organization of the State, to be 
explained later, was pretty well accomplished, the Director 
issued a call to the county Centennial chairmen to assemble at 
the Capital early in December, for the purpose of discussing 
the practical problems that confronted them in their v/ork. 
The response was most hearty and encouraging. Busy men 
and women from all over the State spent the necessary time 
and money to be present and consider the best interests of 



28 THE INDlxVNA CENTENNIAL 

Indiana in her Centennial year. About fifty chairmen were 
in attendance and their interchange of ideas and plans was 
most helpful, exerting a profound influence on the work 
throughout Indiana. At this problem conference such sub- 
jects as county organization, finance, celebrational features, 
pageantry, home coming, cooperation with the schools, perma- 
nent memorials, gathering historical materials, and publicity, 
were discussed. 

For the purpose of giving added impetus to the Centennial 
preparations, and of calling attention to the industrial re- 
sources of the State, the secretaries of the commercial bodies 
of Indiana, at their State meeting in January, in conjunction 
with the Director of the Commission, set apart February 22, 
as a rallying point of Centennial enthusiasm. On this pa- 
triotic date Centennial banquets and dinners were held in 
many towns and cities, at which nothing but products grown 
or manufactured in the State were served. The Governor 
issued a proclamation declaring February 22 as "Indiana 
Products Day." Attention was thus called in a striking man- 
ner to our material resources and an effective means was 
given whereby, in the after dinner programs, interest and 
enthusiasm in the Centennial program for the State might 
be aroused. The Indiana Products Day movement was or- 
ganized and carried through by the Commission. 

Another effective means of publicity was that of the State 
Park movement, launched and carried on under the auspices 
of the Commission. The park campaign attracted wide notice 
and directed attention to the Centennial propaganda, of whij^h 
it was a part. 

George Ade, Chairman of the State Committee on Home 
Coming, did. a valuable piece of work for the Commission in 
giving publicity to the Centennial, without as well as within 
Indiana. He compiled a unique series of Hoosierly greeting 
and invitation, contributed by Governor Ralston, Vice-Presi- 
dent Marshall, Ex- Vice-President Fairbanks, and by a galaxy 
of Indiana literary celebrities, which was published by the 
Bobbs-Merrill Company as "An Invitation to You and Your 
Folks, from Jim and Some More of the Home Folks." The 
Commission distributed about five hundred copies of the Ade 
booklet to newspapers and magazines over the United States 
and a somewhat less number to the press of Indiana. The 




(29) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 31 

Bobbs-Merrill Company published two editions of the book, 
aggregating eleven thousand copies. Several counties used it 
in connection with their own celebrations, as a home coming 
invitation to former residents. 

An effective means of education was found in the arrange- 
ment of a set of lantern slides, illustrating the historical de- 
velopment of Indiana. These slides have been circulating 
among schools and clubs of the State and have been in con- 
tinuous use. They were provided by the Commission but 
handled through the Department of History and Archives of 
the State Library. In this connection it should be said that 
the State Library has cooperated heartily with the Com- 
mission in its educative activities, particularly in the issue 
of bulletins which ably supplemented the Commission's 
publications. 

Under the general head of publicity and education, should 
be mentioned the promotion of the moving picture, "Indiana." 
The visualizing of the history of the State by the movie ap- 
pealed strongly to the Commission as a popular and impres- 
sive means of education. But it was evident that the 
Commission was in no position to handle directly so big a 
project, and that the enterprise, if it should materialize, 
would have to be promoted as a business venture by private 
capital. 

A company known as the Inter-State Historical Pictures 
Corporation was formed by Indiana citizens, which entered 
into contract with the Commission to operate under its 
auspices and sanction. The Corporation commissioned the 
Selig Polyscope Company of Chicago to produce the picture, 
on the basis of a scenario passed upon by the Commission. 
Work was begun in the Spring, and a seven reel film was com- 
pleted by about the first of June. Owing to a combination 
of a late start and inclement weather, the picture was pro- 
duced under somewhat unfavorable circumstances, causing 
some otherwise needless imperfections. On the whole, how- 
ever, it presents a suitable and commendable picture show, 
suggestive of incidents in the historical life of Indiana. The 
picture featured James Whitcomb Riley telling the story of 
Indiana to a group of Hoosier children. It has been shown 
in connection with many celebrations and is in great demand 
generally. 



32 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The National Conference of Charities and Correction met 
in Indianapolis in the centennial year of 1916. On this occa- 
sion an extensive exhibit, illustrating the century's develop- 
ment in social work, was displayed on three floors of the State 
House, and a 156-page pamphlet called "A Century of Prog- 
ress" was presented each delegate. These led to the following 
paragraph in the resolutions adopted by the Conference: 

We congratulate the State of Indiana in view of the amazing 
achievements of the past twenty-five years in the development of a 
state-wide program of social work. We believe that it is fair to say that 
no State in the Union has accomplished more in this direction in the 
same length of time and that no State, with the possible exception of 
Massachusetts, has come nearer to the development of a universal social 
program. * * * The splendid accomplishments of Indiana have 
been due largely to the leadership of the governors and citizens who have 
devoted themselves to this cause and to the wisdom with which the 
executive officers of the Board of State Charities and the public insti- 
tutions have been selected. 

In conclusion it must be stated that the newspapers of 
Indiana were naturally an important factor in whatever 
success the Commission achieved in carrying its Centennial 
message to the people. For the most part they manifested a 
patriotic and progressive interest in the cause, in the aid of 
which many were most generous. 



Work in Schools and Clubs 



Whatever an individual's knowledge of the world and its 
history in general, his education and culture cannot in any- 
wise be called complete unless he knows his own State and 
immediate community, the past out of which they have 
developed, and the present which so vitally affects him and 
his neighbors. With this fundamental conception the Indiana 
Historical Commission started out in its propaganda for a 
statewide Centennial observance. The prime object there- 
fore was to create a greater interest in, and more thorough 
knowledge of, our State and its local units. 

The natural place of beginning was found in the schools, 
since one has only to interest and direct the school children of 
a Commonwealth to reach almost directly the whole citizen- 
ship. The problem was attacked in various ways. It has 
already been stated how the Commission appealed to the 
teachers of Indiana through the county institutes. In the first 
place a great need was felt of giving pupils a knowledge of 
some of the fundamental facts in the history of their State. 
As a means and a basis of such, the Commission prepared 
a rather comprehensive outline or course of study in Indiana 
history for use throughout the grades, which the State Board 
of Education placed in its manual for teachers. For the fur- 
ther assistance of the latter, the Commission arranged a se- 
ries of topics for discussion by teachers in their monthly 
institutes. 

The extent to which the history of the State was seriously 
undertaken in the schools was dependent largely upon the ca- 
pacity and alertness of the school authorities in the counties 
as well as upon the ability and fitness of teachers. It would 
be idle to claim that such study was nearly universal, but 
we do confidently assert that such an interest in Indiana and 
her history has been awakened in all our educational institu- 
tions, as has never been known and such as will mean much 
to our future citizenship. In fact, the Commission looks upon 
this as one of the most permanent and beneficial phases of 
its work. An immediate and concrete result in this awakened 

(33) 



34 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

interest is found in the fact that the State Board of Educa- 
tion has already arranged for the inckision in the United 
States history text-book of an adequate supplement on In- 
diana history. This action was taken on the recommendation 
of the conference of County Centennial Chairmen held in De- 
cember, 1915. Furthermore, the Board adopted an "Indiana" 
speller, the words in which have to do with the life and en- 
vironment of the State. 

In another way the educational feature has been made ef- 
fective by encouraging pupils to work up their own local his- 
tory in connection with their school work. This has put them 
in closer touch with their elders to whom they have gone for 
information. It has been not only instructive and beneficial 
to them, but in many cases the result has been very desirable 
in the contribution which has been made to the history of 
our local communities. In some schools of the State all 
eighth grade students have been required to prepare their 
graduating essays on some phase of Indiana history, general 
or local. In another way the past has been visualized for 
them in the collection of pioneer relics and mementoes which 
have been arranged in Centennial exhibits to which the pub- 
lic has been invited. In a more spectacular manner, the 
schools have done much, and worthily, in the way of dramatiz- 
ing events in Indiana history. This work, being accomplished 
almost altogether by local initiative, has resulted in those who 
participated being able really to live the life of their State 
and community. 

Growing out of the study and more intimate knowledge 
of Indiana history, Centennial exercises were held far and 
wide. In a large number of counties special days were set 
apart for such observance throughout the schools. Not only 
did they have their own programs, but the pupils very gener- 
ally had a very large part in the general celebrations of city 
and county. In both secondary and higher institutions of 
learning, commencement exercises were often featured by 
Centennial addresses in keeping with our anniversary. 

The observance of December 11 as Admission Day was 
largely and properly an observance on the part of the schools 
of Indiana. Here again a suitable program for the day's ex- 
ercises was outlined by the Commission and inserted in the 
Teachers' Manual of the State Board of Education. 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 35 

The educational features of the year's work were by no 
means confined to the schools. The Centennial idea was made 
much of generally in the club activities in the State, both in 
their regular programs and in their conventions. Many or- 
ganizations shaped their whole year's programs in harmony 
with the Centennial, studying various phases of Indiana's 
development. Others held one or more meetings, which were 
given special prominence. New "Indiana Study Clubs" were 
organized which have done effective work. 

The Indiana Federation of Clubs established regular 
departments having to do with Centennial interests. To 
those they have given prominence in State and district meet- 
ings. Miss Dye, who was the leader in the Federated Club 
activities of the State, addressed ten of the thirteen district 
conventions, representing in all some seventy-five of the 
ninety-two counties. In gauging the effectiveness of club 
activity it must be remembered the very important part which 
club women have played in the various Centennial celebra- 
tions and in other forms of observance. They have invari- 
ably been leaders and in many cases have been very largely 
responsible for the success of the work in the counties. 



Pageantry 



Two years ago he who spoke to Hoosiers of pageantry, 
spoke in an unknown tongue. The word was vaguely asso- 
ciated with those old worthies, "the boast of heraldry, the 
pomp of power," "magnificent spectacle," "fanfare of trum- 
pets," etc., but was popularly synonymous with our old friend, 
tried and true, the "Peerade." Today we laugh at such crass 
ignorance, for the Indiana Centennial has made "pageant" 
one of the commonest of Hoosier household words, the pro- 
nunciation of which is the shibboleth, dividing the Centennial 
elect from the medievalists. 

When discussion became general as to ways and means of 
observing our Centennial anniversary, this old but distant ac- 
quaintance made its appearance, but in new clothing. In 
order to give it a proper and somewhat formal introduction, 
the State University brought William Chauncy Langdon of 
Nev/ York to Bloomington to give a course at the summer 
term of 1915 on the general subject of pageantry. It should 
be noted that the University had just issued a comprehensive 
bulletin on the subject by Dr. Withington of its English De- 
partment. Through these and other agencies, the general 
content, scope and purpose of the pageant became known. It 
was explained that a pageant is a dramatic portrait of the 
community, past and present — a mirror in which the com- 
munity sees itself as it has been, is, and as it may be. The 
possibilities of pageantry appealed very strongly to the Com- 
mission as a means of drawing attention to Indiana history 
and of providing a form of Centennial observance which 
would draw whole communities together in a better under- 
standing and appreciation of the history of their own neigh- 
borhood on the background of that of their State. It, there- 
fore, decided to feature the pageant in such celebrations as 
should come more directly under its own auspices. 

But pageantry as a real community effort and expression 
is a very recent development, and there was felt the need of 
having some one with experience to set the pattern in Indi- 

(36) 




William Chauncy Langdon, Pageant Master 



cr/) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 39 

ana. The Commission, therefore, in conjunction and with the 
financial help of the State University and Mr. Hugh McK. 
Landon, secured the services of Mr. Langdon, who was the 
first president of the American Pageant Association, as State 
pageant master. Especial mention should be made of the 
generous contribution by Mr. Landon of money and time and 
effort in furthering the pageant movement in the State and of 
his able service as chairman of the State Pageant Committee. 
The duties involved on Mr. Langdon's part were primarily the 
writing and directing of three pageants — one at the Univer- 
sity, one at the old Capital, Corydon, and one at Indianapolis. 
At the same time the Commission carried on a campaign of 
education over the State, through bulletins, its weekly News- 
Letter and through lectures, with the purpose of impressing 
the citizenship generally with the possibilities of the pageant 
as an agency of Centennial observance. Very effective work 
in this direction was done over Indiana by Miss Charity Dye 
of the Commission, who had written the New Harmony 
pageant two years before. She traveled extensively over the 
State in the cause and was also the author of a very helpful 
bulletin, "Pageant Suggestions for the Indiana Statehood 
Centennial Celebration," published and distributed by the 
Commission. 

In these ways the leaven was applied and interest in 
pageantry over Indiana was soon manfest. The first fruitage 
of all this propaganda was in the University pageant at 
Bloomington, or more properly speaking, the Bloomington 
pageant. In a large sense it was what it was intended to 
be — a laboratory pageant, an object lesson to the people of 
Indiana in pageantry. After having read and studied about 
pageantry, interested people went to Bloomington from far 
and near, to see and study at first hand. 

One striking and significant development in the work 
should be noted. In the early stages of preparation, the one 
great problem which presented itself to the various communi- 
ties was that of authorship and direction. So serious it was 
that for a tim.e it seemed probable that relatively few 
pageants would be attempted. Professional pageant masters 
were not at hand, and imported ones constituted a luxury that 
few places could afford, even had they been available. But 
Hoosiers are nothing if not resourceful and versatile, particu- 



40 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

larly when a pad and pencil are involved. In short they were 
quick to "catch on," with the result that pageant writing was 
soon in progress by the home product route, from the Ohio 
northward. In all, some forty-five pageants were pre- 
sented in Indiana in 1916, and aside from those over which 
Mr. Langdon had control, all but about a half-dozen, were 
written and directed by home talent. In some cases the re- 
sults were somewhat crude to be sure, but they were the ex- 
pression of the community. In others, however, the "made in 
Indiana" pageants compared very favorably indeed with any 
given in the State. As an indication of the scope of the move- 
ment in Indiana, it is estimated that two hundred and fifty 
thousand citizens saw at least one pageant during the year, 
and that from thirty thousand to forty thousand people par- 
ticipated therein. 

For the most part, these pageants, while presenting the 
broad outlines of the history of the State as a whole, have at 
the same time depicted the history of the more immediate 
neighborhoods in which they were given. In this way the 
local history of a very considerable part of the Common- 
wealth was dramatized, since the geographical distribution of 
the pageants has been rather surprisingly uniform, although 
the pageant area par excellence was that of the Pocket, or 
southwestern section of Indiana. 

The most difficult problem in pageantry but the one in 
which the possibilities were greatest, was that of the county, 
participated in by the respective townships. It was a problem 
in unity and organization, but where successfully solved, the 
results achieved in bringing the whole county together as an 
organic community, were in proportion to the difficulties over- 
come. The county pageants were those of Bartholomew at 
Columbus, Dubois at Huntingburg, Johnson at Franklin, 
Henry at New Castle, Montgomery at Crawfordsville, Parke 
at Rockville, Perry at Cannelton, Posey at Mt. Vernon, Spen- 
cer at Rockport, Warrick at Boonville, Shelby at Shelbyville, 
Grant at Marion and White at Monticello. 

City or regional pageants, or both, were those of Fort 
Wayne, New Albany, Vincennes, Michigan City, Bloomington, 
Peru, South Bend, Purdue University, Evansville and Earl- 
ham College; State pageants those of Corydon and Indian- 
apolis. 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 41 

County pageants, but put on largely by the county seats, 
were those of Decatur at Greensburg, prepared but not given, 
Elkhart at Goshen, Fayette at Connersville, Marshall at Ply- 
mouth, Owen at Spencer, Pike at Petersburg, Porter at Val- 
paraiso, and Washington at Salem. Local community pageants 
were given at Syracuse in Kosciusko, Irvington in Marion, 
Troy in Perry, Owensville and Oakland City in Gibson, 
Roann in Wabash, Richmond in Wayne. That given by the 
Boys' School at Plainfield was in a sense local, but dealt with 
state history. Those of Cass and Clinton counties were school 
pageants. 

The Commission considers this an excellent showing for 
one year's work, the merits of which are evident. By thus 
visualizing the past, its chapters have been made more intelli- 
gible and strikingly interesting. As nothing else has done, 
the pageant has brought all classes of a community together 
with a common purpose. Indeed whole counties have thus 
been brought together, old rivalries being forgotten in a closer 
acquaintanceship and a better understanding. And all has 
been done in the name of Indiana, for which a deeper devo- 
tion has been inspired. 



Permanent Memorials 



So long as gratitude and reverence and patriotism shall 
endure among people, so long will they give expression to 
these sentiments through the erection of memorials. The 
latter are the concrete evidences of the fact that a people is 
still worthy of a glorious past. They are also silent harbing- 
ers of a future of continued achievem.ent. 

It would thus be strange and a source of some inquietude, 
had the year 1916 seen no Centennial markers and memorials 
placed here and there throughout Indiana. The Commission 
early called attention to the subject of permanent memorials, 
giving all encouragement possible toward their erection. As 
is shown elsewhere in this general report, one of the most 
far-reaching results of its activity has been the promotion 
of a system of State parks as a great popular Centennial 
memorial. Thus encouraged, many places over the State 
have done good v/ork in marking historic spots, and in thus 
memoralizing men and events in our history. It is too early 
yet to give a complete report of what has been accomplished 
in this respect, but the nature and trend of the work m.ay 
be indicated. The results will by no means be limited to 
1916. Such an interest has been aroused that we believe that 
the permanent memorials put up during the past year v/ill 
serve as a great impetus to further efforts. In fact, certain 
worthy projects have been launched this year in the hope of 
future fulfillment. 

In honor of prominent characters in our history, may be 
cited the following: Fort Wayne erected a monument in 
memory of Johnny Appleseed, "St. Francis of the Orchards." 
South Bend placed a tablet on the home of Schuyler Colfax. 
Tipton placed a stone in honor of General John Tipton, for 
whom the county was named. Washington county placed a 
beautiful marker in the yard of the old John Hay home in 
Salem. At Delphi a massive stone was placed in memory of 
the old Milroy family, prominent in the early history of the 
State. In Spencer county memorials have been placed on the 
sites of the Lincolns' home and of their landing in Indiana. 

(42^ 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 43 

A state-wide movement has been undertaken for the erec- 
tion at the Capital of a suitable monument commemorating 
the heroic virtues of the Pioneer Mother. 

Several markers have been placed on historic highways 
and trails, as in Marion county on the National Road; in 
Marion, Jefferson and Decatur counties on the Old Michigan 
Road; in Parke, on the William Henry Harrison Trail to 
Tippecanoe; in Dubois on the Freeman boundary survey line; 
in Porter on the Old Sac Trail; in Wabash at the Treaty 
Spring; and in Jackson at the intersection of the Ten o'clock 
and Grouseland Indian Treaty boundary lines. The Daugh- 
ters of the American Revolution, who have done good work 
in this direction and who placed some of the above, also placed 
a marker at the Van Buren Elm on the National Road as it 
goes through Plainfield. 

In north Indianapolis a stone was placed with due cere- 
mony, marking the site of Camp Morton. In Hancock county 
an Indiana Centennial memorial stone was placed at the pub- 
lic library in Greenfield. In Boone county, tablets were 
placed on the site of the first schoolhouse in Lebanon and 
on that of the first church in Jefferson township. In Mont- 
gomery a marker was placed at Crawfordsville, in honor of 
the founding of Wabash College. In Porter the site of the 
first schoolhouse was appropriately marked, and in Spencer 
that of the first settler. 

Some perm.anent memorials have been erected with the 
philanthropic motive of human betterment in view. Fayette 
county is building a Centennial memorial hospital and has 
dedicated a public drinking fountain at Connersville. Jay 
county raised funds for a hospital at Portland. Owen county 
contributed generously toward the purchase of McCormick's 
Creek Canyon as the first public park. Tipton county raised 
a Centennial memorial fund for the purpose of erecting an 
auditorium at the Tipton city park. A new Moose Lodge 
home was dedicated as a part of the Centennial exercises at 
Fort Wayne. In Jay and Carroll counties new court houses 
will stand as Centennial projects, and in Parke a new Carne- 
gie Library. 

There is one possibility in permanent memorials, for 
which a desire has been expressed in different sections, which 
appeals strongly to the Commission and toward which it 

3—15997 



44 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

would offer a word of encouragement. One of the most 
worthy features of the many celebrations, one common to 
nearly all of them, was that of the collection of pioneer relics. 
Excellent exhibits were made in nearly every county. Many 
of these could easily be made permanent, were there a place 
in which to house them properly. What better and more ap- 
propriate Centennial memorial could be made than the erec- 
tion of a building as the home of a county museum and of a 
county historical society? Efforts are being made in some 
places in this direction and deserve hearty support. 



State Parks as a Centennial Memorial 



The Indiana Historical Commission has found a most com- 
mendable spirit manifest in the scores of cities, towns and 
country districts to make memorable the Centennial of In- 
diana Statehood in 1916, by the creation of permanent me- 
morials such as libraries, school buildings, churches, bridges 
and parks. Some of these memorials are of such durable and 
monumental nature, that the year 2016 will find them in such 
lasting form, that they will proclaim to the people of that 
generation the wisdom, culture and character of our own 
time. 

This activity on the part of communities serves to empha- 
size the fact that only one movement has been inaugurated to 
memorialize the State as a whole in 1916, and that movement 
is to create a system of State Parks. It is true that even 
before the first steps were taken looking to Centennial activi- 
ties, earnest and repeated efforts were made by many loyal 
and patriotic citizens to obtain, through legislative action, the 
erection of a State Library and Museum as a Centennial 
Memorial. That the movement failed is not in any sense 
proof that public sentiment is against doing anything in the 
way of a permanent memorial. It only indicates that a ma- 
jority of the people appeared to be opposed to doing the thing 
which was proposed at that time. 

The Commission is convinced that the concensus of 
Hoosier opinion is that some dignified and worthy perma- 
nent memorial should be established. Of the various proposi- 
tions suggested none has met with such general and hearty 
commendation, or seemed so likely of successful accomplish- 
ment, as the creation of State Parks. Some of these might 
include tracts or buildings associated by history or tradition 
with the development of the State. Others should be selected 
because of scenic or primeval charms, thus preserving for all 
time, some of the beauty spots and virgin forests which com- 
mercial invasion will soon destroy forever, and which can- 
not be reproduced. 

(45) 




Map of Turkey Run 



(46) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 47 

The preservation of large or moderate sized tracts of this 
kind abounding in primeval forests, beautiful streams, water- 
falls, cliffs, gorges and wild life, will be a fitting memorial to 
the era of the Hoosier Pioneer. They would prove to chil- 
dren and youth an educational asset of great interest and 
value. They would constitute delightful recreation centers 
and health preserves for all the people, for all time. Good 
roads and the rapidly increasing facilities of transportation 
would soon bring these parks into ready accessibility, for 
people even of modest means. 

That the suggestion of State Parks as a Centennial me- 
morial has met with spontaneous and enthusiastic support, 
is evidenced by the numerous appeals to the Indiana Histor- 
ical Commission in behalf of the movement. Petitions bearing 
upon the subject have been presented by such organizations 
as the Indiana Academy of Science, the Indiana Forestry 
Association, Indiana Audubon Society, the Indianapolis Cham- 
ber of Commerce and other well known organizations. 

State Parks v/ould not only be a splendid present day ex- 
pression of appreciation of what the Hoosier forefathers 
wrought, but they would have a high civic value, both in the 
present and in the future. Through the State Parks should 
come a strengthening of the common bonds of citizenship 
and neighborly association, for in these parks the people will 
meet upon common ground. 

While State Parks are needed for their recreational and 
health giving value, the argument for them upon sentimental 
grounds is just as strong. The great hard wood forests, at 
one time the greatest of the world, have become almost a tra- 
dition. What would the nations of the earth think of a 
people who would permit the total destruction of the big trees 
of California? In like manner is not the obligation laid 
upon us this day to preserve some of the giant hard wood 
trees for future generations to see what Indiana was like a 
century ago. 

Likewise each year is witnessing the destruction of cliffs 
and gorges of extraordinary beauty, of which there are a 
goodly number in the State. Two concrete examples may be 
given in support of this contention. A few years ago the 
citizens of Greencastle and students of De Pauw University 
revelled in the beauty of Fern Cliff, a charming haunt for 



48 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

class and family picnics. Its fern covered cliffs and cool 
springs are now a blasted waste, the rock doing service as 
ballast for a railway. Twenty years ago Fitch's Glen was 
the beauty spot of Cass county, where Logansport people took 
visiting friends — a wonderful little glen with verdured cliffs 
and a trickling water-fall. But it likewise has fallen before 
unsentimental commercialism, and is serving the ends of the 
practical as ballast for railroad. Was this community econ- 
omy? Putnam and Cass counties have suffered irreparable 
loss by the destruction of these scenic tracts, which should 
have served the people of these respective communities for 
all time to come. 

Sentiment calls loudly at this time for the preservation of 
certain historic places, associated v/ith the birth and growth 
of the Commonwealth. A quickened historic conscience in 
this Centennial year suggested especially the purchase and 
preservation of the Old State House at Corydon which was 
accomplished by the state legislature in 1917. Let this won- 
derfully artistic and well preserved old building be hallowed 
as the birthplace of Indiana, just as the whole Nation rever- 
ences Independence Hall as the birthplace of the Republic. 
There is a pre-eminent fitness in making this a part of the 
Centennial Memorial. 

In connection with any plan for state park development it 
should be borne in mind that certain departments of the 
state's official machinery are already occupied by work of a 
related nature. 

The State Forestry Board is calling attention to the waste- 
fulness in forest destruction and the great need of reforesta- 
tion which will insure great commercial advantages in timber, 
moisture retention and flood prevention. They operate the 
State Forest Reservation of two thousand acres — a beauti- 
ful park area on which forestry experimentation is being car- 
ried on in a most commendable manner. 

The work of the Fish and Game Commissioner points to 
the extreme desirability of maintaining the purity of Indi- 
ana's wonderful lakes and streams and of keeping them well 
stocked with edible fish. It shows too the need of large game 
preserves for all sorts of wild life; which especially will in- 
crease the propagation of birds, not so much in the interest 
of the nature lover but for the incalculable service as insect 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 49 

destroyers they will render the farmer, gardner and horti- 
culturist. 

Sanitary science is shocked at the nauseating pollution of 
beautiful streams everyv/here, and calls loudly for their pro- 
tection, purification and beautification. 

The public conscience is awakening to the realization of 
our extravagant wastefulness of natural resources and finds 
expression in the popular slogan of conservation. Educa- 
tional enlightenment is arousing the people to the necessity 
of applying scientific principles by expert control in the con- 
servation of our natural resources. 

Further argument is superfluous to show the intimate and 
interdependent relationship of these practical problems in 
conservation. Do not the facts speak strongly in favor of co- 
ordinating eflfort and concentrating administrative control, 
perhaps under a Conservation Commission? 

Charged with the unusual responsibility of appropriately 
and adequately celebrating the centenary of Indiana's admis- 
sion to the sisterhood of States, the Indiana Historical Com- 
mission would have been recreant to duty, had not some effort 
been made in the name of the citizenship of Indiana, in 
1916, to leave a worthy and permanent Centennial Memorial. 
Accordingly, at the regular meeting of the Commission in 
January, 1916, a formal motion was passed in favor of in- 
augurating a movement for State Parks. The selection of a 
chairman of the Park Committee and the plan of campaign 
were not determined until March, 1916. State Parks as 
above outlined will answer the requirements of sentiment, 
history, permanency and usefulness. Without funds to es- 
tablish such an undertaking, however, not a little courage and 
faith in Hoosier citizenship were required by the Commission 
in launching such a movement. It was determined, accord- 
ingly, to make the most practical test of public sentiment by 
an appeal to the people for subscriptions to the cause. Mr. 
Richard Lieber of Indianapolis v/as selected as Chairman of 
the Park Committee. Associated with him in the active cam- 
paign for funds were Sol S. Kiser and Mr. Leo M. Rappaport, 
as well as Dr. Frank B. Wynn. 

The result of their eff'orts is set forth in the following re- 
port by the Chairman of the Park Committee. The fruits 
of their labor give eloquent testimony to their untiring efforts 



50 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

SO abundantly rewarded; and afford abundant evidence also 
of a generous and patriotic Hoosier citizenship, which re- 
sponded nobly to the call of the hour. 

REPORT OF PARK COMMITTEE 

OF THE 

INDIANA HISTORICAL COMMISSION. 
By Richard Lieber, Chairman, 

Indianapolis, Indiana, November 25, 1916. 
Indiana Historical Commission, City, 

Ladies and Gentlemen: I herewith beg to submit my report as 
Chairman of the Committee on Indiana State Centennial Memorial. 

The first meeting of the Committee was held March 18th, 1916, since 
which time our activity has never lagged. We were spurred on to im- 
mediate action by the fact that sixty days later one of the garden spots 
of Indiana, namely, Turkey Run, was to be sold at public auction. 
Turkey Run is a paradise of rocky gorges, glens, bathing beaches and 
waterfalls, a retreat for song birds, and a garden of wild flowers. It has 
hundreds of magnificent black walnut, oak, poplar, and other stately 
trees, all growing in a primeval forest which the Lusk family carefully 
preserved from the lumberman's axe. 

We immediately began an extensive campaign for funds and in this 
were materially assisted by the press of the State. We sought the opinions 
of leading Americans concerning our enterprise and received most en- 
couraging replies from such men as President Wilson, Governor McCall 
of Massachusetts, Theodore Roosevelt, Vice-President Marshall, Senators 
Kern and Taggart, Stewart Edward White, EUery Sedgwick, Editor of 
the Atlantic Monthly, Lyman Abbott and others. 

The actual work of gathering funds commenced in April. A joint 
Committee of the Indianapolis Board of Trade and Chamber of Com- 
merce was appointed and this Committee held daily meetings during the 
period of active solicitation. By proclamation of Governor Ralston the 
week beginning April 24 was designated for the purpose of making con- 
tributions to the State Park Fund. This resulted in the organization 
of some volunteer committees in the State at large. I am pained to ac- 
knowledge, however, that the citizens of the State generally did not 
respond in a manner which can possibly be compared to the liberality 
of the citizens of Indianapolis. I believe, hovv^ever, that this was due to 
the fact that the Committee was in closer contact with Indianapolis than 
other communities in the State, and that with a better knowledge of the 
facts and circumstances in connection with the Park movement, adequate 
funds can still be raised throughout the State. 

Upon the day of the sale of Turkey Run, the Committee became a 
bidder and continued to bid until it came to the conclusion that it was 
useless to compete with a commercial bidder. As a result the property 
was sold to the Hoosier Veneer Company of Indianapolis for $30,200. 
The Committee, hovv^ever, did not allow this disappointment to curb its 





(51) 




ii^ 






-^>^^C'.- 



'i*^*^ 
■^^^^^-m^^. 




McCormick's Creek Canon 

(52) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 53 

activities and then and there determined to acquire Turkey Run notwith- 
standing its apparent failure. Negotiations with the Hoosier Veneer 
Company continued all summer and fall and finally on the 11th day of 
November, the property was purchased for the sum of $40,200. Figur- 
ing taxes and interest charges the profit of the Hoosier Veneer Company 
was approximately $9,000. On the other hand, the Committee after 
making very careful investigations of the timber and land values, con- 
cluded that the property was worth all they had paid for it. 

While the Committee was negotiating for Turkey Run, a Committee 
of citizens from Owen County informed us that McCormick's Creek 
Canon was about to be sold by the administrator of the estate of Dr. F. 
W. Denkewalter, the latter having spent a lifetime in acquiring the 
various portions of this scenic tract. The appraisement of the property 
fixed its value at $5,250, and after viewing this bit of scenery, the 
Committee determined to buy the same provided that the citizens of Owen 
County would raise one-fourth of the purchase price among themselves 
and would guarantee that the cost would not exceed the appraisement. 
Due to the enterprise and civic spirit of the citizens of Owen County, 
this property was acquired and will go down into history as the first 
link in the chain of parks to be established. It is due these people to 
acknowledge that if the citizens of all the counties in Indiana would 
show an equal interest in this movement, the State would before long 
be assured of one of the most magnificent systems of State parks in the 
country. 

The failure to acquire Turkey Run at the time of the auction sale 
interfered with the campaign to gather funds, but we were assured at 
that time by the gentlemen constituting the Board of Directors of the 
Indianapolis Motor Speedway Association that if we would persist in our 
efforts, they would eventually aid us financially. These men more than 
redeemed their promise. The Indianapolis Motor Speedway Association 
donated the sum of $5,065 and Mr. Arthur C. Newby, whose share of that 
contribution was one-fourth, gave us in addition thereto the sum of 
$5,000. Furthermore, he has aided the Committee actively in the col- 
lection of funds to an extent that would have meant failure except for 
that assistance. 

During all our work we were supported by the active and sustained 
interest of Governor Ralston, and I wish to take this occasion to extend 
to him the thanks of our Committee. Furthermore, I am particularly 
pleased to acknowledge the most valuable assistance rendered by your 
acting chairman. Dr. Frank B. V/ynn, who has made the work of our 
Committee his own and who actively participated in all our activity. 
Much of the success of the work of our Committee is due to his great 
zeal and circumspection. 

I feel that this report would be incomplete without giving the views 
of our Committee on State Parks generally. Established upon a broad 
and substantial basis, Indiana State Parks would not only memorialize 
the past but would build for the future by practical conservation. They 
would distinctly point out the desirability of preserving trees, of protect- 
ing birds and animal life. They would constantly be a great public 



54 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

lesson in conservation and show the folly of prodigal waste of Indiana's 
superb natural resources. They would impress upon the public mind 
that wastefulness of Nature's beauties and treasures is out of harmony 
with the spirit of the time, progress and the needs of Indiana's new 
century. 

The United States Government long ago won widespread popular 
approval in setting aside large scenic tracts, preserving them for all time 
against commercial vandalism and providing immense recreational 
grounds. They are on a very generous scale and show what Indiana 
might do on a smaller scale in the accomplishment of similar ends. 
National Parks like the Grand Canon, Yellowstone, Yosemite and Glacier 
National, because of their remoteness, are available only to those In- 
diana people who have time and means to visit them, but a system of 
State Parks would bring recreation grounds close home to practically 
all our people. 

While State Parks present a new idea to Indiana, there are success- 
ful examples to be found in other states that place the proposed Indiana 
system beyond experiment. Massachusetts awoke to the importance of 
State Parks a score of years ago, and has since been preserving scenic 
seashore, river banks and wooded hilltops that had previously been 
privately owned. Massachusetts now has many parks from six to fifty 
acres in extent. 

Maine has made a beginning in the same direction. A still more 
notable achievement in the State Parks is found in New York, especially 
in the preservation of Niagara Falls, in the great gorge of the Genesee 
River, a great reservation in the Adirondack mountains, and the Pali- 
sades along the Hudson River. 

Not content with the National Park reservation within her borders, 
California has invested $250,000 in ten thousand acres at Boulder Creek 
to preserve a forest of redwood trees. 

But Wisconsin doubtless holds the lead in State Parks. In the begin- 
ning park enthusiasts of that State made a systematic examination of 
Wisconsin's scenic resources with a view to placing the ov/nership in the 
public. One of Wisconsin's State Parks is in Door county, including 
3,800 acres. The acquisition of five or six thousand acres of forest 
around Devil's Lake is under way and the Dells of the Wisconsin River, 
and another tract of some 2,700 acres along the Mississippi River are to 
be added to the State's system. 

In all of these States, as it would be in Indiana, the chief purpose of 
State Parks is to refresh and strengthen and renew tired people, and fit 
them for the common round of daily life. 

Other States, as doubtless will Indiana, have found that there is also 
a cash value in scenery, an income to be derived from excursionists, from 
special commercial privileges and concessions, and from fish and game, 
an income that can be turned toward the cost of maintenance. 

In Boston's elaborate Metropolitan Park system is an example of 
possibilities within the reach of Indiana cities which they might follow 
on a small scale. The Boston system includes its own and that of thirty- 
seven surrounding cities, the system having established both parks and 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 55 

connecting parkways, and highways for motor and other traffic. The 
Blue Hills reservation, twelve miles from the state house, has 4,700 
acres; Middlesex Falls, five miles from the state house, contains 3,200 
acres, this park being bordered by five cities; Mystic Valley Parkway, 
along lake and river of the same name, is a third of the larger areas 
in the Boston system. Many miles of rocky and wooded tracts are in- 
cluded, as well as great stretches of seashore. About $7,000,000 has 
been spent for lands for this system and as much more is going into 
development, the money being raised by State, city 'and town taxation. 

Density of population in Europe does not permit the creation of ex- 
tensive parks. But every scenic spot, large or small, has been beautified, 
giving v/hole provinces the aspect of one large park in which are nestled 
villages, towns and even cities themselves. 

The European long ago learned the material value of scenery. The 
ubiquitous red Baedecker is an eloquent testimonial thereof. Take little 
Switzerland, for instance. It has 16,000 square miles compared to Colo- 
rado's 104,000 square miles. We do not have to read "Tartarin on the 
Alps" to know that it is the most superbly ordered and highest dividend 
paying scenery in the world. It is well enough to speak of Nature's 
hygienic value, of its recuperative and recreative strength, but when one 
reflects for a moment that Americans alone — not to mention all the other 
nations — have left annually $50,000,000 in that little country, it is 
realized that scenery has an inherent cash value and that the so-called 
"Lungs" of a people have from a given viewpoint a most convincing 
resemblance to a fat purse. 

In conclusion, I hope and trust that the small beginning we have 
made will have laid the foundation for a comprehensive system of State 
Parks which will not only stand forever as a token of the past, but 
which v/ill bring health, wealth and happiness to our own generation and 
the many that will come after us. 

Very respectfully yours, 

Richard Lieber. 



Indiana Centennial Medal 

(For illustration of medal, see frontispiece) 



The Commission felt that a commemorative medal should 
be struck in recognition of the Centennial anniversary. To 
design such, Miss Janet Scudder, a daughter of Indiana whose 
reputation is international, was chosen. The result was a 
beautiful medallion, worthy of the artist and worthy of her 
subject. 

The Indiana medal, done in low relief, gives on the ob- 
verse side a beautiful representation of Columbia welcoming 
the child Indiana in 1816. In the background, in semi-heraldic 
design, are seen the old Corydon State House and the Consti- 
tutional elm. On the other side is found an artistic adaptation 
of the state seal, refined of its crudities and made a thing of 
beauty. 

The origin of the design for this seal is obscure. The first 
constitution provided for a state seal, and in the House Jour- 
nal of 1816 the design is defined as: 

A forest and a woodman felling a tree, a buffalo leav- 
ing the forest and fleeing through the plain to a distant 
forest, and the sun setting in the west, with the word 
"Indiana." 

The design that was made has been generally understood 
as showing a rising sun with the buffalo fleeing to the west. 
It is not known who designed this seal nor is there any record 
that it was ever officially adopted. The sum of one hundred 
dollars was appropriated by the legislature, on December 13, 
1816, to pay for a seal and press. On a slavery petition on 
file at Washington, dated 1802, is an impression of the seal 
of Indiana Territory which has the same general character. 
In modeling the seal for the medal Miss Scudder has followed 
the general design, which has been so familiar for a century. 

"While engaged in designing the Indiana medal. Miss Scud- 
der has also been at work on a medal for the United States 
Government, to be presented to the South American Commis- 
sioners of mediation between this country and Mexico. 

(56) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 57 

In order to meet as nearly as possible the demands or 
wishes of all, the medal has been issued in three forms. Nine 
hundred and eighteen medals, the first choice products of the 
dies, were mounted in an elegant little volume, containing 
seasonal chapters on "The Story of the Medal," "The Begin- 
ning of the State," "Some Milestones of the Century," and 
"The Indiana Centennial." Each copy was numbered and 
bears the personal autograph of the governor. The price 
was fixed at five dollars. To make possible and equitable dis- 
position of this limited issue, nine copies were allotted to each 
county for distribution. A general issue was then an- 
nounced of the same sized medal as appeared in the book, for 
one dollar. In the third place, wishing to bring it within 
the reach of all, and especially of the school children of the 
State, a smaller medal was struck to sell for twenty-five cents. 

These prices were fixed solely with the idea of covering as 
nearly as possible the actual cost of the medallion, not a cent 
of profit having been received by any one connected with its 
promotion or distribution. While the Commission has not 
recouped itself for the outlay, it feels that in this commem- 
orative medal, it has contributed a thing of beauty and signifi- 
cance as a permanent memorial of our first century of 
statehood. 



Historical Publications 



The duty of overseeing the pubKcation of Indiana Histor- 
ical material was assigned to a sub-committee consisting of 
James A. Woodburn, Charles W. Moores, and Harlow Lindley. 
The members of the Committee considered it to be the prov- 
ince and duty of the Commission and of the State, in harmony 
with the provisions of the law, to preserve the sources and 
materials of Indiana history and to make these available and 
accessible to readers, students and writers in the historical 
field. They held it to be the function of the Commission to 
make available to the investigator important documents from 
the archives of the State; to collect and publish and circulate 
in the libraries throughout the State the documents and 
sources of history which private publishers cannot afford to 
produce; and to make easily accessible other important ma- 
terials which can now be found and used only in rare places 
and with the greatest difficulty. The Commission, therefore, 
upon the report of its committee, decided to make a begin- 
ning in the publication by the State of a series of volumes re- 
lating to the history of Indiana. It is not designed that these 
volumes shall be the productions of any authors, or set of 
authors on Indiana history. They are to be primary rather 
than secondary in character; that is, they are to contain the 
sources and materials of history, such as official documents, 
messages, journals, papers, letters and reprints of valuable 
historical matter no longer available in print. With the 
small fund at hand ($5,000) the Commission has proceeded to 
publish volumes on the following subjects: 

1. Constitution Making in Indiana. 

This work was prepared under the editorship of Dr. 
Charles B. Kettleborough of the Bureau of Legislative Infor- 
mation. It consists of two volumes containing all important 
documents relating to Indiana's Constitutional history. 

The first volume treats of the cession of the Northwest 
Territory to the United States and the organization and de- 

(58) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 59 

velopment of a Territorial government therein, including the 
governmental changes from the Virginia act and deed of ces- 
sion, the Ordinances of 1784 and 1787, to the admission of the 
State in 1816, covering a period from 1780 to 1816. The 
organization of constitutional government preparatory to ad- 
mission to statehood; the Congressional Enabling Act; the 
text of the first Constitution; the various attempts to amend 
that Constitution from 1816 to 1850'; the Convention of 1850- 
1851, the rules and orders and resolutions of the convention, 
and the text of the Constitution of 1851, are also included in 
this volume. 

The second volume deals with the various attempts that 
have been made to amend the Constitution from 1851 to 1916. 

The process of amendment and much of the essential dis- 
cussions concerning constitutional changes and other matters 
of historical importance have been added in extensive histor- 
ical notes by Dr. Kettleborough. These notes add greatly to 
the value of the volumes. 

2. Indiana as Seen by Early Travelers. 

Many of the first books relating to Indiana were written 
by travelers whose aim it was to tell the Old World what the 
New World was like. During the first half century following 
the Revolutionary War many travelers came from Europe 
to visit the new Republic and to explore the frontiers of Amer- 
ica, and during the early decades of the Nineteenth century 
many travelers from the Atlantic Coast States made trips into 
the interior to learn of the possibilities in the newer regions. 

After a lapse of a century these descriptions are of much 
interest from an historical point of view. Personal estimates 
of the region vary and opinions were obviously warped in 
many cases; but these descriptions reflect conditions about 
which we could today obtain information from no other 
source. These books are now out of print and are not avail- 
able to the public. Because of the growing demand for this 
material it has been deemed wise to issue a volume reprint- 
ing certain accounts of travelers which concern Indiana previ- 
ous to 1830. This has been done as nearly as possible in the 
original form. The copy has been taken from the original 
editions as found in the Indiana State Library. Included 
in the volume are four contributions which have never before 



60 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

appeared in print. The selecting and editing of this mate- 
rial was done by Professor Harlow Lindley, of Earlham Col- 
lege, Secretary of the Indiana Historical Commission. 

3. The Play Party in Indiana. 

The play party was a common kind of social entertain- 
ment frequently resorted to in Indiana in its early history. 
At present it is only in the remote districts that it has not 
been lost or even forgotten. Mrs. Leah Jackson Wolford, for- 
merly of Ripley county, in connection with her graduate work 
in the University of Chicago, made a large collection of these 
early games and songs which makes a very interesting con- 
tribution to the folk-customs and amusements of Indiana. Into 
these play party entertainments enter the elements of both 
religion and nationality, and this publication is a distinct con- 
tribution to the history of the social life of the State. 

4. The Indiana Centennial. 

In this volume, edited by Professor Harlow Lindley, Sec- 
retary of the Indiana Historical Commission, there is pre- 
sented a report of the Commission's activities during the 
Centennial year, together with a history of both the County 
and State celebrations of the one hundredth anniversary of 
Indiana's admission to statehood. 

5. The Messages of the Governors. 

It was the design to present in a series of volumes all the 
Executive messages and proclamations of any historical value, 
from the early history of the State to the present time. It 
was hoped that two volumes might be ready by January, 1917, 
bringing the messages down to 1851, but only one volume is 
now ready for publication. The messages in this volume, the 
collection and arrangement of which have been the result of 
much painstaking labor, have been under the editorial direc- 
tion of Dr. Logan Esarey, of Indiana University, and Pro- 
fessor Samuel B. Harding, formerly of the Indiana Historical 
Survey of Indiana University. The volume now ready con- 
tains the Executive documents relating to the institution of 
government in the Old Northwest, the messages of Governor 
William Henry Harrison and other Territorial Governors, and 
all the regular and special messages of the Governors of the 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 61 

State from the beginning of Governor Jennings' term in 1816 
to the close of Governor Ray's term in 1831. The volume 
contains matter of the greatest historical interest and im- 
portance which will be made available in very convenient form 
to our public libraries and to all citizens who may be inter- 
ested in the contents of the volume. This volume has not yet 
been published owing to a lack of funds. 



4—15997 



Summary 



The Indiana Historical Commission, a non-salaried com- 
mission, created by the General Assembly of 1915, was 
charged with two duties. Its immediate duty was that of 
a State Centennial Commission, and its permanent duty that 
of the publication of historical material relating to Indiana. 
The law provided that $5,000 of the total appropriation of 
$25,000 might be used for publication purposes. 

The Indiana Historical Commission as a Centennial Com- 
mission on an appropriation of $20,000 has carried on a state- 
wide campaign of Centennial publicity; it has financially 
assisted in celebrations of state-wide significance ; it made pos- 
sible a State Pageant Master, who could successfully intro- 
duce the pageant movement to the educators of our State; it 
secured as a permanent centennial reminder an artistic Cen- 
tennial medal; it made possible a motion picture of seven 
reels, depicting the history of the State; it has given an im- 
petus to the clubs and schools of the State for a study of our 
state's history and development; it has approved of and as- 
sisted in the Pioneer Mother Memorial movement, and unani- 
mously approved of the movement to secure the Old Capitol 
at Corydon for a permanent state memorial ; it has been re- 
sponsible for the erection of a large number of Centennial 
Memorials over the State, and perhaps its most permanent 
and far-reaching work has been the inauguration of a perma- 
nent State Parks Movement, which has already resulted in 
securing for the State, as a gift from the people of the State, 
real estate which has cost more than twice the amount ap- 
propriated for the use of the Commission for Centennial cele- 
brational purposes. 

On the basis of the appropriation of $5,000 for historical 
publications, the Commission will issue four volumes, and has 
another ready for publication, when funds are available. 

Its permanent work as laid out by the creating act is to 
collect, edit and publish documentary and other materials re- 
lating to the State of Indiana. It is provided that the pub- 
lished volumes of the Commission are to be printed and bound 
at the expense of the State in such numbers as the Commis- 
sion may direct, and distributed free to each public library 

(62) 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 63 

in the State and to the library of each college and normal 
school in the State. Until this Commission was created In- 
diana had no state agency for the publication of historical 
material. All of our neighboring States, and in fact a ma- 
jority of the States of the Union, have such a state agency 
with sufficient appropriations to accomplish permanent re- 
sults. 

The States recently organizing their historical work are 
merging their historical societies into Historical Commis- 
sions. 

In the questionnaire addressed by the Commission to the 
county Centennial Chairmen covering the various phases of 
the year's work, appeared this question: "What do you con- 
sider to have been the most helpful and permanent results 
of your celebration?" Two closely related facts stand out 
above all others, in the answers — the arousing of a new in- 
terest in state and local history, and the creation of a com- 
munity spirit and consciousness. The two are supplementary 
to each other and in a word express the vital significance of 
the celebrational activities of 1916. 

From the bluffs of the Ohio to the sand dunes of Lake 
Michigan there has been a general outburst of patriotic 
interest in Indiana and its history. The schools, as never be- 
fore, have turned to a consideration of their own common- 
wealth. Club programs have been given the same direction. 
By city, by township and by county, the facts of local history 
have been unearthed and rehearsed, both in print and 
pageantry. Pioneer relics and heirlooms have been rescued 
from the oblivion of a thousand attics and displayed to an 
appreciative citizenship. The State has been fairly dotted 
with memorial markers. Centennial committees have been 
merged into permanent historical societies. 

All this presents a tremendous potential asset in an en- 
lightened and rededicated citizenship. The big question is, 
shall this new force which .we may call the Centennial con- 
sciousness — the spirit of '16 — be conserved and further util- 
ized, or shall it be allowed to dissipate for the want of proper 
focus and direction. The year's work has pointed out many 
needs and many possibilities, and to meet the former and 
realize the latter, it is vitally important that a supervising, 
state agency be permanently provided. 



64 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Probably the most obvious need has to do with an agency 
for the pubHcation of the sources of Indiana history, toward 
which a beginning has already been made. To all students 
of our history, its material, its basic facts, should be made eas- 
ily accessible. While it is not the generally accepted province 
of a State to write its own history, it is or should be its prov- 
ince to make presentable the bare facts from which it may 
be gleaned and v/ritten. This important responsibility should 
be assigned to a specially constituted body with capacity to 
supervise and direct the publication of such materials. 

But there are other needs, hardly less pressing, though 
perhaps less obvious. The year of attention to things histor- 
ical has emphasized the need of a centralizing agency for 
the coordination, the conservation and the direction of our 
historical interests. For instance, in the enthusiasm of the 
centennial anniversary, many county historical societies have 
been either organized or rejuvenated. They are capable of 
performing valuable service, but the tendency will be, as it 
has been in the past, for them to languish for the want of 
intelligent direction and incentive. A state society or com- 
mission should be able to coordinate and direct the activities 
of these societies to the end that they may make distinct con- 
tributions to the State. 

Such an agency should likewise be able to encourage and 
support the schools in their new zeal for Indiana history. The 
present Commission has cooperated with the State Board of 
Education in outlining and preparing courses of study and 
also suitable programs for celebrational occasions. This 
work in our educational institutions should not cease in 1916 ; 
indeed it should only have begun, and a special commission 
could do much to foster it. 

Centennial celebrations have revealed all over the State 
a vast and bewildering array of priceless relics of the past. 
Unless gathered into permanent exhibits and museums, they 
will be largely lost. The collections made at the county cele- 
brations over the State point the way toward county museums, 
as the exhibit made during the state celebration at the John 
Herron Art Institute speaks for a state museum. Yet with- 
out a coordinating and supervising agency, it is too much to 
expect that such a desirable consummation will be realized. 

Furthermore, the work which has been done in developing 



THE commission's ACTIVITIES 65 

the field of local histoiy should be continued under trained 
supervision. With the encouragement and direction v^hich a 
state historical commission could give, this very important 
work could be made to continue v^ith system. In this con- 
nection it may be stated that valuable material may be found 
in communities all over Indiana which should be in the pos- 
session of the State. A permanently established Commission 
would be able to do much more in securing and saving such, 
than is now possible. The continuance of such a Commission 
would be a decided step towards the conservation of the his- 
torical interests of the State. It would be a fitting after- 
math and the natural sequel to the splendid Centennial 
observance of 1916. 

On the last day of the year, 1916, the following letter was 
sent to all Centennial Chairmen and Editors who had con- 
tributed to the work of the year : 

December 31, 1916. 
To County Centennial Chairmen and Editors: 

As the year 1916 draws to a close, the Indiana Historical Commis- 
sion and its officers look back with much satisfaction on what has been 
accomplished in the proper observance of the Indiana Centennial. The 
end sought in the beginning — a people's celebration, historical, educa- 
tional and patriotic— has been attained in a remarkable manner. The 
celebrations have passed and have become a part of our history, but 
their results remain, 

A splendid manifestation of the year's work has been the spirit of 
cooperation which has been so generally displayed in the patriotic cause. 
It is this that has made the efforts of the year so successful, and in 
concluding its work the Commission wishes to express its great apprecia- 
tion of the support accorded it in the direction of the Centennial move- 
ment. 

In the first place, the latter would not have been possible without 
the zealous and patriotic service of the county chairmen and their im- 
mediate helpers. Leadership, involving much time and labor, was es- 
sential. Where there was failure in securing it, little was done. The 
Commission wishes therefore to give much of the credit for the good 
showing made in so many counties to the local leaders, to whom it takes 
this means of expressing its thanks and appreciation. 

Included in the above, but worthy of special mention, is the news- 
paper press of the State. The dependence of all public enterprises upon 
publicity is axiomatic, and without the support of the Indiana editors, 
the Centennial ideals would have fallen far short of realization. Such 
support was generally hearty and generous and an evidence of public 
spirit and progressiveness for which the Commission likewise expresses 
its praise and gratification. 

On behalf of the Indiana Historical Commission. 

Harlow Lindley, Secretary. 



PART III 
CELEBRATIONS 



(67) 





(69) 



County Celebrations 

By Walter C. Woodward, Director. 



The immediate occasion of the creation of the Commis- 
sion was the near approach of the one hundredth anniversary 
of the admission of Indiana into the Union. Accordingly, the 
immediate purpose was the planning and supervision of an 
appropriate celebration of the Centennial. To this patriotic 
task the Commission at once addressed itself. 

With but twenty thousand dollars at its disposal for cele- 
brational activities, the Commission faced a difficult problem. 
Such ambitious projects as those of Centennial Expositions 
and great central celebrations as had been put on in other 
States, were manifestly out of the question. Moreover, the 
members were doubtful as to the desirability of such forms 
of observance, had they been possible. Their great concern 
was that the observance of our centenary might be such as 
would reach the citizenship of the entire State, quickening 
it with renewed loyalty and a deeper sense of civic responsi- 
bility. 

Actuated therefore by a wise expediency as well as by ne- 
cessity, the Indiana Historical Commission blazed the way 
to a new scheme of observance. In thorough keeping with 
our democratic institutions and political organization, it de- 
termined to decentralize the Indiana celebration, making it 
state-wide and a real people's celebration. It determined to 
make the anniversary mean as much in the extreme corner 
of the Pocket as in the Capital itself. With this end in view 
a campaign was vigorously undertaken in behalf of a state- 
wide celebration, threefold in its significance; historical, in 
the knowledge and appreciation of the history of the Com- 
monwealth; educational, in the knowledge of our State and 
its institutions, present as well as past; patriotic, in a new 
admiration and love for the Indiana that is and may be. In 
a word the Commission went to the whole people of Indiana 
with this challenge: "This anniversary is an occasion for 
taking stock of our history, local as well as State, and of pay- 

(71) 



72 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

ing due tribute to the builders of the Commonwealth. It is 
a patriotic service for hamlet and town and city. We may 
show thereby whether we appreciate and whether we are 
worthy of the deeds of our fathers. It is our celebration, as 
a people, to make of it what we will." This is the Indiana 
experiment which has been observed with much interest by 
other States which are soon to celebrate their own centenaries. 

Careful organization was necessary to insure a state-wide 
observance, and the Commission began organizing the State 
on the basis of the County. Centennial chairmen were se- 
cured in the various counties, each to select his own county 
committee for the planning and execution of the work. Men 
and women from all walks of life accepted these posts of re- 
sponsibility, in the spirit of rendering a real public service, 
without hope of reward. In all but two or three counties, 
leaders were thus secured. With a few the leadership was 
nominal only, but the majority took up their work energetic- 
ally and patriotically, several achieving results truly remark- 
able. On the whole it may be said that very satisfactory 
work was done in the majority of the counties and that rea- 
sonably satisfactory results were attained in from three- 
fourths to four-fifths of them. There were probably not a 
dozen counties in the State in which some kind of celebra- 
tion was not held. 

The general schedule as outlined by the Commission pro- 
vided for the holding of local and school celebrations early 
in the spring. Very many county school superintendents co- 
operated by setting apart one day of observance throughout 
the schools of their counties. This did much to prepare the 
way for the later celebrations, participated in more generally, 
beginning early in the summer and running well into the au- 
tumn. The greater number of the latter were county wide 
in scope. 

The program of these county celebrations, held all over 
the State, varied largely in length, in content, and in the 
spirit which pervaded them. Some were for a day, others 
continued two or three days, and yet others for a week. As 
a whole they consisted of homecomings and reunions, histor- 
ical and inspirational addresses and sermons, music festivals 
and old melody concerts, exhibits of pioneer relics, industrial 
and agricultural displays, historic drama-pageants, folk 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 73 ' 

dances, school drills, etc., reproductions of pioneer life. Cen- 
tennial parades of various kinds, and exercises in connection 
with the dedication of permanent memorials. A feature of 
not a few celebrations was the presentation of the historical 
moving picture, "Indiana," prepared with the sanction of the 
Commission. The Commission did its utmost to see that 
these observances were strictly patriotic and Centennial in 
nature, and such were the greater number. In some coun- 
ties the observance was conducted in connection with Chau- 
tauquas, industrial fairs and county festivals, and in a few 
the Centennial idea was prostituted for commercial consider- 
ations. On the whole, however, it is felt by the Commission 
that its plan for a state-wide celebration has been realized 
both in scope and in spirit to a remarkable degree, consider- 
ing the limited amount of funds at hand, and the very short 
time for preparation. It has been a distinctive and impres- 
sive sight to see the great array of counties, following fast 
one after another, each making its own contribution to the 
Centennial year, paying its own tribute to the State of which 
it is an integral part. 

It is difficult to make an accurate and a just comparative 
statement of the celebrational work over the State. The 
county celebrations par excellence were those in which the 
townships united in a great community effort, or those in 
v/hich the whole county participated. In this first class be- 
long Allen, Bartholomew, Blackford, Boone, Carroll, Daviess, 
Decatur, Dekalb, Dubois, Fayette, Floyd, Franklin, Grant, 
Harrison, Henry, Huntington, Jackson, Johnson, Knox, Mad- 
ison, Marion, Marshall, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Owen, 
Parke, Perry, Pike, Porter, Posey, Ripley, Shelby, Spencer, 
St. Joseph, Union, Vanderburgh, Warrick, Washington and 
White. 

In the second class are those whose celebrations were not 
so nearly county wide in effort and execution, such as Cass 
and Clinton, which put on excellent school celebrations, Clark, 
Dearborn, Delaware, Elkhart, Gibson, Greene, Howard, Jas- 
per, Jay, Jefferson, Jennings, Kosciusko, Lagrange, Lake, 
Laporte, Martin, Newton, Rush, Scott, Starke, Tipton, Ver- 
million, Vigo, Wabash, Warren, Wayne and Wells. 

In the third class, which did little or nothing in the way of 
formal county observance must be named Adams, Benton, 



74 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Brown, Clay, Crawford, Fountain, Fulton, Hamilton, Han- 
cock, Hendricks, Lawrence, Morgan, Noble, Ohio, Orange, 
Pulaski, Putnam, Randolph, Steuben, Sullivan, Switzerland, 
Tippecanoe and Whitley. Of these latter a few did some 
work through the schools, as Adams, Brown, Crawford, Foun- 
tain, Hancock and Randolph. Adams and Hendricks, and to 
a less degree Noble and Putnam, cooperated in County Day 
of the State celebration at Indianapolis. 

In some counties the celebrations were held elsewhere than 
at the county seat, as at Owensville and Oakland City in 
Gibson, Merom in Sullivan, Huntingburg in Dubois, Clinton 
in Vermillion, Worthington in Greene, North Judson in 
Starke. In a few instances celebrations held at county seats 
were wholly local, as at Richmond in Wayne county, largely 
a fall festival and carnival. In a few counties, township 
celebrations had been very generally held prior to that of the 
county, Boone ranking high among these. Scores of local and 
town celebrations were conducted all over Indiana. 

Some of the celebrations included in the above were really 
regional, their influence extending beyond the limits of the 
counties in which they were held. Such was that at Bloom- 
ington, which set an object lesson to the State in pageantry; 
at Vincennes, around which the foundations of statehood were 
laid; at Evansville, whose pageant, early in the year, pointed 
the way for the counties of the Pocket district; at Fort 
Wayne, "The Glorious Gateway of the West ;" at South Bend, 
where first appeared the white man ; at New Albany, at the 
Falls of the Ohio ; at Peru, home of the Miamis and the "Lost 
Sister," Frances Slocum. 

In an observance of our Centennial of statehood, two cele- 
brations were naturally more than county and more than 
regional — those held at Indiana's two capitals, Corydon and 
Indianapolis, which accordingly stood out from the others as 
state celebrations. The former, staged for two days, June 
2 and 3, around the old Harrison county court house, the first 
Capitol, and beneath the Constitutional Elm, portrayed vividly 
the beginnings of statehood. The latter, of two weeks' dura- 
tion, October 2 to 15, at the present Capital, depicted through 
the State pageant and otherwise, the wonderful development 
of Indiana during the past century. 



COUNTY CEIiEBRATIONS 75 

The Commission feels that this state-wide observance, 
unique in the history of state centennial celebrations, which 
has been conducted under its auspices and direction, has been 
of incalculable influence and significance. The Centennial 
propaganda has been carried to the four corners of the State 
and we have had the inspiring spectacle of a people of a com- 
monwealth delighting to do it honor and reverence. A much 
more intimate and appreciative knowledge of the history of 
Indiana has resulted, together with a far better acquaintance 
with the present facts of the State, its geography, its people, 
its resources, its possibilities. This bespeaks a greater and 
a more intelligent State loyalty, the basis of a higher type 
of citizenship. The fact that the people as a whole in the 
various communities have united in the activities of the year, 
has brought about a unity and cooperation hitherto unknown. 
In many cases a new community consciousness has been de- 
veloped. Out of it all, likewise, a more perfect State con- 
sciousness has come, which augurs well for Indiana, on the 
threshold of her second centenary. 

A more detailed report of the Indiana Centennial observ- 
ance by counties, follows : 

ADAMS 

At first thought it would seem to Tbe a cause for regret if 
not chagrin that the first in the alphabetical list of the coun- 
ties of Indiana should have to be marked zero on its record 
of Centennial observance, at least so far as a formal celebra- 
tion is concerned. But if there is a lingering suggestion of 
truth in the old adage that a bad beginning makes a good 
ending, perhaps after all Adams county, in its do-nothing pol- 
icy, made its own distinctive, though negative, contribution 
to the success of the Centennial year. 

It IS bootless to attempt to diagnose the unhappy situation. 
E. S. Christen, county superintendent of schools, accepted the 
county chairmanship, and apparently tried to get the Centen- 
nial movement launched. Be it said to the credit of the 
Herald and Democrat of Decatur that these papers used their 
columns freely, both news and editorial, in an attempt to get 
something started. Two or three public meetings were held 
in which the sentiment was in favor of a celebration, but 



76 THE INDIANxV CENTENNIAL 

the drive and enthusiasm necessary to get the thing focused 
seemed lacking. 

The only observance in the county was in connection with 
the schools. Mr. Christen reported that every school in the 
county had a Centennial program on the last day of school 
in the spring of the year. In some of the townships, at least, 
Admission Day was observed. 

Thanks to the initiative of the Delta Theta Tau Sorority 
of Decatur, Adams county took its place in the Centennial 
Cavalcade on County Day of the State celebration, being rep- 
resented by Miss Marie Connell. 

ALLEN 

Standing next to the head of the list of Indiana counties, 
alphabetically, Allen county decided it to be its mission to 
launch the Centennial movement in so striking and compel- 
ling a manner that the impetus thereby given would carry 
it triumphantly through the year. We speak in terms of the 
County, but the Allen celebration, though regional in the 
scope of territory it drew from, as well as in the extent of ter- 
ritory covered by its great pageant, was really a Fort Wayne 
celebration. A County Chairman had been appointed in J. 
Ross McCulloch, but when the city began laying plans for a 
great effort, he yielded the leadership to Edward C. Miller, 
who had been chosen to head the enterprise. 

Be it recorded to the credit of Fort Wayne that of all the 
larger cities in the State none surpassed her in the earnest- 
ness and whole-souled enthusiasm with which she entered 
upon and carried through the Centennial observance. It was 
a spontaneous movement of the citizenship. For weeks it 
dominated the public thought and effort. It expressed the 
soul of a city. 

Early in the course of preparation. Chairman Miller an- 
nounced a policy which was in keeping with the spirit of the 
year. "Remember one thing," he admonished, "The Centen- 
nial celebration is no carnival." The fact that Fort Wayne 
did not altogether live up to the high standard set, in that 
it admitted carnival attractions in connection with an in- 
dustrial exposition promoted by a professional concessionaire, 
did not lessen the effect of this Centennial keynote which was 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 77 

taken up by the State Commission and heralded throughout 
the State. 

The convincing manner in which the city undertook the 
big project is indicated by the fact that a guarantee fund 
of nearly fifty thousand dollars was signed in a vigorous, 
short campaign. The central feature was the great pageant, 
"The Glorious Gateway of the West," for the presentation of 
which stupendous preparations were made. A natural ampi- 
theatre in Reservoir Park was taken advantage of and a seat- 
ing capacity of 14,000 provided therein, facing the island on 
which the pageant was given. The pageant was written largely 
by Wallace Rice and directed by Donald Robertson, both of 
Chicago. About one thousand people participated. The 
"Foreword" sets forth adequately the motif of the pageant. 

In the year seventeen hundred and ninety-five, at the memorable 
Treaty of Greenville, Chief Little Turtle, wisest of the savages of all 
times, pleaded with General Wayne to permit the Indians to retain the 
ownership of the lands on which the city of Fort Wayne now stands. 
He called it "that glorioois gateway through which have come all of the 
good words of our chiefs, from the North to the South, and from the 
East to the West." 

Wayne, the pupil of Washington, under whose instructions he had 
established his fort at the head of the Maumee, and who shared with 
Washington the conviction that "the Miami village points to an impor- 
tant post for the Union," refused the earnest plea of the Red Man. 

Today, through this "glorious gateway" of civilization pass with 
kindliness and gentleness to the regions beyond the knowledge of men, 
the "good words" of the truest type of modern citizenship — inspiration, 
truth, service. These are made manifest in the Pageant. They are its 
very foundation. 

The play will pass away. Its spirit will remain to the end of time; 
for the work here done by willing hearts and hands, can never fade 
from the lives of those who see and those who do. And coming gen- 
erations of men will feel the power of an unseen influence of the Cen- 
tennial year of nineteen hundred and sixteen. 

The arrangement of the pageant was very effective. 
Prominent through all was Thunderhead, a prophet of the 
Miamis, impersonated by Donald Robertson himself. Each 
scene was preceded by its own prologue, spoken by Thunder- 
head. The literary excellence of these scene prologues and 
the impressive and effective manner in which they carry the 
story of the pageant warrant their reproduction. 



78 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Scene I 

Sacred the place. For untold ages, long 

Lost in the nameless years, my people came 

With ancient rites where these three rivers run 

Under the shining sky. Now here ye come, 

As we of old, in thousands, to recount 

The pains and pei-ils of the past. Peace smiles 

Upon this holy ground tonight, and all 

Your ways are bright with hope. Yet I know well 

The dreadful day when painted Iroquois, 

Armed as with lightning, drove my tribesmen far. 

Slaying and scalping as they came in wrath 

To stain our frontier red. They thought us women — 

We, the Miamis! But our war-chief saw 

The invaders pass, and summoning every brave 

To their return, we sprang upon them there 

As leaps the panther hidden near the path, 

Leaving not one alive. Then came the French: 

The traders, bringing wares the like of which 

We had not dreamed, to tell of worlds beyond 

Our woods and streams ; the Black Robe with the Cross- 

We heard of realms beyond the skies, and breathed 

The name of your high God. Now ye behold 

While for an hour Old Time rolls back his scroll, 

The morning of the place whereon ye build! 

Scene II 

Thus came the French. Soon over this dear place 

Sound echoes of vast European wars. 

Now dim and half forgotten. Pampered kings. 

Greedy for empire, dye their grasping hands 

Deep in their peoples' blood. The stones they cast 

In history's pool of hours send wave on wave 

Almost to overwhelm the elder world, 

Their little ripples breaking at the foot 

Of mighty trees in this far-western clime. 

William and Lewis, Anne and George, the French 

And Indians all enbattled stand, while we, - 

The Miamis, hot on Braddock fall and slay. 

In far Quebec Montcalm and Wolfe go side ^ 

By side to death and glory. At the close 

The golden lilies of the Bourbon droop. 

And where they proudly floated proudlier still 

The banner of Great Britain is unfurled! 

But peace abides not, for King Pontiac 

Rouses our bravest, and these forests flame 

With hate. We fight to keep our own, and fight 

In vain. Forever English law and speech. 

Language and law of freemen, as ye tell. 

Are laid upon our land, for centuries ours! 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 79 

Scene III 

Now Freedom draws the stars of Heaven to earth 

And sets them in your Flag. Long, long the tale: 

The fight at consecrated Lexington, 

Where toilsome folk, like you, in their best blood 

Write Revolution on the page of Time; 

The flashing meteor of Stony Point; 

The succoring arm of gallant France; at last 

Yorktown, with Lafayette and Washington. 

Faint sound the war-drums here, though doughty Clark 

And his Long Knives spread terror roundabout, 

And bold Le Balme goes hence unto his death. 

A great soul passed when Pontiac was slain, 

But now old Kekionga breeds a man. 

Let Harmar speak, and let St. Clair pi'oclaim 

The Little Turtle's stroke! Soon Wayne comes forth, 

Your Anthony, and where the Fallen Timbers lie 

We, the Miamis, fight, and lose, and make 

Our peace, while here your town has christening 

With his heroic name beneath his Flag, 

To be for evermore American! 

Scene IV 

Swiftly the stream of Time flows on his course 

Swollen with big events. Within the year 

The Little Turtle makes his solemn peace, 

And from my people, the Miamis, pass 

Their age-long sovereignty and might for ever. 

The banner of the Briton falls. Your West 

Is saved, and Indiana comes to be. 

On far horizons faintly glimmering. 

Hereto in amity the Tribes resort 

Not once, but twice, to sign away their lands. 

Your daughter, Illinois, has fortunate birth. 

Tecumsch, gallant chief, fights hard to hold 

The country of our forefathers of yore. 

But Harrison strikes down his Prophet's power, 

Tippecanoe its passing bell; our braves 

With England make their unavailing stand, 

The Little Turtle being dead and gone. 

Success comes easily when first we fight: 

Fort Dearborn falls in blood, Detroit yields — 

Deceitful omens, luring us to death. 

As here once more War's horrent fire is bright. 



5—15997 



80 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Scene V 

No longer to this pleasant place is brought 
Battle and sudden death. Ye call it peace — 
A sorry peace for us, as sadly wends 
The long procession of my people down 
Toward the setting sun, the while your State 
Sets her proud star upon your Flag. We go; 
And these primeval forests hear the ax 
Of many a pioneer, who hacks and hews 
To bring to grief great trees that once were ours. 
Theirs were no easy tasks; and ye who sit 
Under these spangled skies tonight and breathe 
The air of comfort and content should not 
Forget their high endeavor. Every foot 
Of this town by tears and sweat was made 
To smile and yield its harvest unto you, 
That ye may rear tall houses long to stand 
. Where our frail tepees were — and are no more. 
As mothers here not long since brought their babes 
To birth, alone, your civilization came 
Through lonely travail unto glowing life. 
For me and mine is midnight, starless, dark; 
For you the noonday splendor of the sun. 

Scene VI 

Distant, the roll of war's tremendous drums. 

Yet gladly your tall men go hence to death. 

From Mexico an empire vast is won; 

When nearer sounds the clangorous call to arms: 

The Union of your council-fire proves not 

So strong men will not test its bond; it holds; 

To come to Union firmer still. Glorious 

The story, noble your participation. 

Meanwhile Peace her smiling victory gains: 

Broad waterways with commerce lace the land. 

And the old portage passes here at last. 

Canals give place to lengthening iron bands 

Whereon laborious iron monsters shriek — 

Iron, a miracle once — and slender wires 

Along the sky link shore to farthest shore. 

Annihilating time, and great machines, 

A thousand handed, toil that men may rest. 

My place knows me no more, and so, farewell. 

A hundred years and I may come again. 

Your Indiana, lovlier in the bloom 

Of fivescore summers than your growing girls 

And wiser than your wise old women, stands 

Secure. God guard her and you all. Farewell! 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 81 

The week of June 4 to 11 was fixed as the week of celebra- 
tion. Everything was ready. The city was beautifully dec- 
orated and could hardly have been more inviting in 
appearance. Northeastern Indiana was on the keen edge of 
expectancy. And then it began raining, and not only began, 
but continued to rain, day after day, until everything was 
thoroughly dampened except the indomitable spirit of Fort 
Wayne. Regrettable as was the weather, it was not allowed 
to prove altogether disastrous. The program of the week 
was seriously disarranged but a very considerable part of 
it was presented. The pageant performances could not be 
given according to the schedule, but they were given. Ex- 
President Taft was not permitted to address a vast open air 
concourse of people, but he addressed an audience in the court 
house, and doubtless a more attentive one. 

Before the floods came, a union Centennial song service of 
the religious denominations of the city was given in Reservoir 
Park on Sunday afternoon, June 4. The women of the city 
arranged an exhibit illustrating the life of the past centuries 
particularly from a woman's point of view, in what was 
known as the Woman's Building. The local chapter of the 
D. A. R. dedicated a marker to the memory of the men who 
died on Fort Wayne soil in the battle known as "Harmar's 
Defeat." In addition the Normal School, under the direction 
of Miss Flora Wilber, Principal, placed temporary markers 
at twenty historic spots. These were the features of the week 
that were primarily Centennial in nature. 

In spite of serious handicaps, the celebration was a suc- 
cess. That Fort Wayne so deemed it is indicated in the words 
of Chairman Miller in writing of the permanent results of 
the observance. He says it resulted in "the creation of a more 
marked community spirit which has shown itself in greater 
success attending subsequent public undertakings." Con- 
tributing largely to this end was the Fort Wayne press which 
entered sympathetically and heartily into the real spirit of 
the cause. 

The Rotary Club of Fort Wayne made itself responsible 
for seeing that Allen County was represented in the Centen- 
nial Cavalcade at Indianapolis on October 6. The honor was 
Miss Catherine Vesey's. 



82 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 



BARTHOLOMEW 



When in anticipation of the general observance of Indi- 
ana's one hundredth natal year, there was much talk of 
pageantry as an effective method of "releasing the historic 
consciousness," George Pence, the sage of Bartholomew his- 
tory, declared oracularly that the County had no history that 
would lend itself to pageant forms. It was therefore a nice 
little bit of historic justice that saw the above-mentioned sage 
astride a steed in the pageant of Bartholomew county on 
Labor Day, impersonating the old General himself. 

For this happy denouement, two women and a man were 
largely responsible. In the first week of March, Miss Charity 
Dye, the dynamic of the Indiana Historical Commission, made 
one of her historical-patriotic missionary trips to Columbus, 
where she addressed audiences of school children and an audi- 
ence of "school adults" — adults who were there to learn what 
it was all about anyway. Miss Dye boldly questioned the 
dictum of the aforementioned sage, and proceeded to tell 
Bartholomew people a little of their own history that could 
be impressively portrayed in pageant form. 

Active in arranging the meeting was Miss Vida Newsom, 
former president of the State Federation of Clubs, the mov- 
ing spirit of the Bartholomew observance. Whatever vision 
she may have had must there have been given focus and she 
began the writing of the Bartholomew county Pageant. Be- 
hind her and the movement was T. F. Fitzgibbon, Superin- 
tendent of the Columbus schools, who had already accepted 
the County Chairmanship. 

The pageant was given on September 4th, before a large 
audience, A. W. Mason of the Columbus schools being pageant 
master. The following excerpts taken from the "Foreword," 
indicate its scope and method of treatment of the subject-mat- 
ter: 

The Bartholomew County Pageant seeks to give a brief representa- 
tion of the development of Bartholomew County from the time of the 
Indian and fur trader and the early pioneer to the present day. The 
parts are taken by the citizens of Columbus and Bartholomew County 
except in a few instances, where persons residing elsewhere appear in the 
role of their ancestors. A number of players are descendants of the 
originals of the characters. For instance the scenes depicting the First 
Settlers, the County Commissioners and the Underground Railroad are 
assigned almost entirely to descendants. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 83 

In the preparation of the pageant, the writer has concerned herself 
with the history and realism of the past, rather than with symbolism. 
Little place has been given to tradition, and slight liberty taken with 
chronology. Every name used in the pageant is a real name. 

In using the real names of people in the portrayal of events, it 
is not the desire to enhance certain ancestors as compared vv'ith others 
who have played an important part in the county's history, but it has 
seemed that these persons are the logical ones to enact the particular 
outstanding historical events selected for presentation in the pageant. 

OUTLINE OF PAGEANT 
Episode I 

Triiinpeter — Symbolic Scene. 

Early Life Associated with the Driftwood Valley. 

Scene 1. The Indians. 

Camp Fire — War Dance — Squaw Dance and Industries. 
Scene 2. William Connor — Fur Trader, 1816. 

a. Barters with the Indians. 

b. Acts as interpreter. 

Scene 3. Cession of the Delaware Lands, 1818. 

a. Land Treaty at St. Mary's. 

b. Smoking Pipe of Peace. 

Scene 4. Arrival of Joseph Cox, first settler, 1819. 

Typical Pioneer Family, The Pioneer Mother. 
Scene 5. Legislators en route to select a site for State Capital, 1820. 

Gen. Tipton, Gov. Jennings, Gen. Joseph Bartholomew and 
others. 

Episode II 

Bartholomew County Organization, 1821. 

Scene 1. First Board of County Commissioners, 1821. 

William Ruddick, Jesse Ruddick, Solomon Stout. 

a. Repoi-t of Commissioners appointed by State Legislature to 

locate County Seat, received, etc. 

b. Name of town changed from Tiptona to Columbus. 
Scene 2. Sale of Lots— June 15, 1821. 

a. William Chapman and other settlers and neighborhood peo- 

ple gather for sale. 

b. County Agent States Terms of Sale and Sells Lots. 

Episode III, 

Pioneer Life — Religious, Educational, Social, Industrial. 

Scene 1. The Circuit Rider, 1821. 
Scene 2. The School Master: 

Singing of Geography Lessons, Speeches, Etc. 

Passing of Water-bucket and Gourd. 
Scene 3. The Singing School. 



84 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Scene 4, The Coming of the Mail, 

Scene 5. Corn Husking and Frolic — (Clay Township). 

Wool Picking. 
Scene 6. The State Road, 1823. 

Scene 7. The Madison and Indianapolis Railroad, 1843-44. 
Scene 8. Old Time Political Rally. 

Episode IV 

The Civil War Period, 1861. 

Scene 1. The "Underground Railroad," 1840-1861. 
(The Quakers of Sand Creek Township). 
Scene 2. News of Fort Sumter — (Street Scene). 
Scene 3. Civil War Soldiers. 

a. Sound of Bugle, Fife and Drum. 

b. Departure of Soldiers — Good-byes. 

Episode V 
Finale — Centennial. 

Scene 1. The Modern Schools. 

Songs, Folk Dances, Etc. 
Scene 2. Flag Salute — Reviewed by Old Soldiers. 
Scene 3. Grand Ensemble of Players — Reviewed by Indiana. The 

Hymn to Indiana. 

All unite with the band and sing "America." 

The other feature of the Bartholomew observance was a 
week's exhibit of historical relics, enthusiastically collected 
from over the county. 

The county was represented at Indianapolis on October 6th 
by Miss Jane McEwan, who rode in the Cavalcade. Chas. F. 
Remy, of Indianapolis, formerly of Bartholomew County, 
rode in the parade as General Bartholomew. Mayor H. K. 
Volland carried the county's banner, followed by a half dozen 
autos of Bartholomew citizens. 

Admission Day was very generally observed by the schools 
on December 11th throughout the county. 

BENTON 

As a county, Benton had no part in the observance of the 
Indiana Centennial. It had two or three county chairmen 
at different times and in reality no chairman at all. Chas. 
H. Dodson, County School Superintendent, was looked upon 
as a natural leader in the movement but so far as reported 
he did not even organize the work in the schools. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 85 

The only observance reported was that made by the Fowler 
schools on May 26th, under the direction of Superintendent 
Chas W. Steele. It was a daytime, outdoor performance, 
viewed by an audience of about one thousand people. The 
first number was an allegorical representation of the admis- 
sion of Indiana into the Union, followed by a scene from Hia- 
watha. The third exercise was a series of beautiful drills 
representing the introduction of Young Indiana by Father 
Time. Friday afternoon in a pioneer school was a reminis- 
cent feature, appropriately followed by such pioneer past- 
times as the quilting and husking bees and the minuet. The 
pioneer school motif was further carried out in the presenta- 
tion of a part of "The Hoosier Schoolmaster." A Riley 
pageant was given, in which well known Riley characters were 
impersonated by school children in costume. The exercises 
closed with a Centennial finale comprising the ensemble of all 
the participants grouped around Indiana. 

BLACKFORD 

The Blackford County Centennial effort and observance 
were confined almost wholly to a parade which occurred on 
Centennial day of the Hartford City Fall Festival. A sus- 
tained, well organized movement, on a real educational basis, 
was wanting. Apart from the one day's showing there was 
little recognition of the year throughout the county — not even 
excepting the schools. 

The showing made on the day in question was evidently 
very good. The various townships took part and sixty-one 
floats were reported arranged by schools, and various fra- 
ternal and literary organizations. To the credit of those in 
charge, the parade was largely historical, manifesting an ap- 
preciation of the significance of the anniversary. All phases 
of the early life of Indiana were clearly depicted, and in a way 
to give the desirable local color and sidelights. In addition 
definite historical and patriotic events were portrayed, na- 
tional as well as state and county. Effective symbolic floats 
were also in evidence. 

The day was planned by M. C. Townsend, Superintendent 
of the Hartford City Schools, who acted as County Chairman. 



86 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

BOONE 

In comparing the Centennial showing made in Indiana, a 
very high rating must be given Boone as one of the model 
counties, befitting the home of Indiana's Centennial Governor. 
The encouraging results achieved Vv^ere due, first, to the se- 
curing of an excellent Chairman in the person of Mr. Ben F. 
McKey, editor of the Lebanon Pioneer. To him the respon- 
sibility imposed was a sacred trust, in the fulfillment of which 
he gave himself most conscientiously and generously. Given 
a good chairman, who commanded loyal support, the Centen- 
nial plans for the county were early outlined on a high, patri- 
otic plane, and were carried out accordingly. Boone had a 
highly successful county celebration, along with the major- 
ity of her sister counties, but, unlike many of the latter, 
she had much more. Through the systematic work in the 
schools, in clubs and in the townships, there was from the 
first of the year on a steady progress in Centennial observance 
which prepared the way for, and led easily and logically up 
to the county celebration held in the middle of September. 

From the very first step in organization, an encouraging 
interest was manifested. In January, the Director of the 
Commission spoke to a very representative gathering of 
Lebanon citizens at the court house, and found them alive 
and eager. In the following month, the Secretary of the Com- 
mission spoke to a company including representatives from 
the townships. In April Miss Charity Dye addressed an audi- 
ence of about one hundred women who came in from over the 
county. 

As a central organization, Mr. McKey appointed a local 
executive committee, composed of C. F. S. Neal, Phil Adler, 
H. G. Brown, superintendent of the Lebanon schools, W. E. 
Callane, Mrs. W. H. Williams, Miss Lydia Bell, school prin- 
cipal, J. L. Wade, A. E. Witt and County School Superin- 
tendent, E. M. Servies. Supplementary committees were 
later appointed, having to do especially with arrangements 
for the county celebration. From the time of organization in 
January, regular weekly meetings of the Executive Commit- 
tee were held, Vv^hich indicates the determination and serious- 
ness of purpose with which the work was undertaken. 

At the same time the Chairman began effecting a county 
organization, through the appointment of committees of 



COUNTY CELEBRxVTIONS 87 

three in the various townships. The result was that, includ- 
ing Central, eight of the twelve tovv^nships held celebrations : 
The Chairmen of these were: Marion, B. F. Wheeler; Wash- 
ington, Mrs. Harry Ryan; Sugar Creek, Professor S. A. Long; 
Jefferson, C. 0. Brown ; Union, Rolla H. Gates ; Eagle, Profes- 
sor T. H. Stonecipher ; Worth, J. T. Laughner. 

The schools cooperated most heartily and effectively in the 
Centennial cause. Indeed, there was little differentiation be- 
tween them and the county organization, with the city and 
county school authorities active in the latter. February 22d 
was made Centennial day in the schools throughout the 
county, thus early bringing the subject before the whole citi- 
zenship. Some attention was also given Indiana history in 
connection with the regular work — in history classes and in 
general opening exercises. In most of the townships the 
facts of local history were presented. The graduating exer- 
cises of both the midyear and year end Eighth grade classes 
of Lebanon were of a purely Centennial nature, their arrange- 
ment reflecting much credit upon Miss Lydia Bell, principal, 
a member of the Executive Committee. Papers were pre- 
pared and read by the midyear class, presenting important 
phases of Indiana history. The May class enacted a more 
dramatic presentation, the first part being taken from Miss 
Dye's pageant of New Harmony; the second part, the an- 
nouncement of epochs in Indiana history by pages; and the 
third, an adaptation of McKnight's "Drama of Indiana." Ad- 
mission Day was very generally observed by the schools of 
the county. 

The city schools of Lebanon, under the direction of Miss 
Bell, did a very worthy thing in placing, with appropriate 
dedicatory exercises, a bronze tablet marking the site of 
Lebanon's first school. The tablet bears the inscription, "Site 
of First School Building, 1834, Erected by School Children, 
1916." The unveiling exercises were held May 12, honor 
guests of the occasion being several pioneer residents who 
had been pupils in the charter school ox the city. A history 
of the Lebanon schools was prepared and read by Mrs. Julia 
N. Harvey, she having been connected with them as teacher 
for more than forty years. 

As a part of the educational propaganda, the effective 
work of Mrs. Cora Bynum, head of the public library, was an 



88 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

important feature. Having a conception of the true function 
of the library in a community, she made it serve as an organ 
of education and publicity in furthering the Centennial idea. 

Clubs, church and fraternal organizations were zealous in 
observing the year. The city clubs of the vs^omen emphasized 
the Centennial in one or more of their programs. The Civic 
Club beautified and maintained a lot in the heart of the city 
in recognition of the anniversary. Social functions were fre- 
quently given a decided Centennial flavor. 

All this activity was preparatory and preliminary to that 
of formal celebration, though equally important. In his issue 
of the Pioneer of May 11, Chairman McKey made this plain 
and commendable declaration of faith: "The Centennial 
celebration and home coming to be held in Lebanon Septem- 
ber 14, 15 and 16, is in nowise a carnival or commercial enter- 
prise, but strictly what its name implies — a celebration of 
the admission of Indiana into the Union of States, and a re- 
view of the part Boone County has taken in the development 
of the State." While this high purpose was announced pri- 
marily for the central county celebration, its spirit permeated 
the whole county, excluding those undesirable features which 
in some places prostituted the Centennial ideal. 

With the exception of Sugar Creek, all the township cele- 
brations were held in August. Worth came first on the sec- 
ond near Whitestown, in connection with the Red Men's pic- 
nic. Papers were read covering the history of the town- 
ship, politically, religiously, educationally, industrially and 
from a military point of view. 

The Jefferson observance took place on two separate dates, 
Sunday, August 10, and on the following Thursday. The 
exercises on Sunday had to do with the placing of a memorial 
marking Pleasant View Church as the oldest in the town- 
ship. The address, following the recital of the history of the 
church, was given by Hon. A. M. Hall of Indianapolis. The 
general celebration was held at Routh's Grove, the program 
consisting of old-time music, flag drill, appropriate readings, 
reminiscences, short addresses and a demonstration of the 
process of converting wool into yarn on an old spinning-wheel, 
given by Mrs. Thomas Lawson. Many old relics were ex- 
hibited. 

Marion township celebrated August 12 at Mayfield grove. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 89 

with a review of its history and a general address by Dr. 
Horace Ellis. The Washington township began its observ- 
ance with a basket dinner in the W. C. Smith grove on the 
16th. An excellent program, prepared by the Sunday schools 
of Bethel, New Salem and Mechanicsburg, the two churches 
of Mechanicsburg and the public school children, was given, 
followed by an address by H. E. Van Nuys, comparing the 
conditions of pioneer life with those of the present. The 
Union celebration occurred at Cutts' grove on the 17th. Talks 
were given on the early settlers, the Michigan road, and on 
local development. Eagle township celebration and home 
coming was held in connection with the Zion Park Assembly 
at Zionsville on August 18th. The program emphasized the 
development of the various phases of community life since 
the coming of the first settlers. Pioneer life was re-pictured 
and re-lived and in the evening the pupils of the Zionsville 
high school presented the spectacle, "Pocahontas." 

The Thorntown or Sugar Creek township celebration was 
the only one to follow that of the county at Lebanon. Occu- 
pying two days, September 29 and 30, it was given on a big- 
ger scale than any of the other local celebrations, as was to be 
expected in a place of Thorntown's size and enterprise, to- 
gether with its historic associations, located in the limits of 
the old Indian reservation. 

A pageant or spectacle, of a general nature, picturing im- 
portant scenes in National history, but including phases of 
state and local history as well, was given on each day and a 
community Centennial parade took place on Saturday. The 
moving picture, "Indiana," was given before an immense out- 
door throng. A fine exhibit of pioneer relics was made in 
the windows of the business houses. 

But the activities of the county naturally culminated in 
the central celebration held at Lebanon, the middle of Sep- 
tember. As a feature of its publicity, the Committee issued 
a poster of novel design, picturing a large frog sitting at the 
edge of the swamp, indicative of the swampy Boone county 
of old, with the words, "Lest We Forget," and an announce- 
ment of the celebration and home coming. 

The celebration opened September 14, with Lebanon beau- 
tifully decorated. The 4th was designated as Woman's Day 
and was under the auspices of the Woman's Clubs. In the 



90 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

afternoon, the members, in Colonial costume, received the Cen- 
tennial guests in rooms specially fitted up in the fine new 
court house, entertaining them after the manner of the 
stately days of old. In the evening the latter were further 
portrayed in a public Colonial ball, in which the old-time 
dances and recreations were presented. 

Friday was School and Patriotic Day, thirty-two hundred 
and eighty school children of the county participating in the 
program, every township being represented in the parade. 
The latter presented an inspiring, patriotic spectacle, with 
every teacher and student bearing the American flag. Fol- 
lowing the parade, flag raising exercises were held in the 
court house yard, a new flag pole being dedicated and a hand- 
some flag, presented to the G. A. R. by the W. R. C, flung to 
the breeze. 

In the afternoon various phases of the county's history 
and development were graphically shown by the township 
schools. Among them an Indian episode, "The White Man's 
Foot," by Thorntown and Sugar Creek township; "The 
Country Doctor," Washington; "An Old Time Church Serv- 
ice," Clinton; "Colonial Minuet," primary department Leb- 
anon schools; "The Husking Bee," Perry; "The Quilting 
Bee," Union; "An Apple Paring," Marion; "Boone County 
To-day," Lebanon. 

Saturday's program opened with a civic and industrial 
parade, containing some very artistic features. This was 
known as Governor's Day, Governors Bilbo and Pleasants, of 
Mississippi and Louisiana, respectively, to be the visiting ex- 
ecutives, with Governor Ralston as host. At a late date, how- 
ever, the Southern governors wired their inability to be 
present, when Professor James A. Woodburn and Dr. Frank 
B. Wynn, members of the Commission, were secured, who, 
with the Governor, gave informal and appropriate addresses, 
bringing the celebration to a fitting and impressive close. 
Throughout the observance, a surprisingly fine collection of 
relics and antiques was on display in the show windows, which 
attracted much favorable comment. The historical picture, 
"Indiana," was shown on each day. 

Chairman McKey, in editorially announcing the celebra- 
tion as an unqualified success, said: "The program was clean, 
entertaining and educational, entirely devoid of the street fair 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 91 

or carnival features. There was absolutely nothing for 
which the public was charged a fee, and the expense, amount- 
ing to nearly a thousand dollars, was borne by subscriptions 
of the citizens of Lebanon." In referring to the local cele- 
brations, he pointed out that with each township emphasiz- 
ing its own history, much material had been gathered for the 
future. And in concluding, "If these celebrations result in 
the formation of a County Historical Society, as a nucleus for 
the collection of historical data and relics, they will have 
been worth all the time, energy and money spent in bringing 
them about." 

Having acquitted itself so well at home, it was regrettable 
that Boone County did not participate in County Day of the 
State Celebration and thus come through the Centennial year 
with a perfect score. As the record stands, however, the 
citizens of Boone may be proud of the part which their county 
took in the making of Centennial history. 

BROWN 

Brown county folks did not surge with Centennial en- 
thusiasm. No celebration was held within the county. 

W. C. Goble, head of the Nashville schools, accepted the 
chairmanship, started a few things and tried to start more, 
but found little or no response. He had members of the High 
School graduating class prepare papers upon "A Century of 
Indiana History," the graduates of the previous year having 
written upon "Institutional History of Brown County." In- 
diana history was taught in the Nashville schools during the 
year. On February 22, the High School Domestic Science 
class gave a Brown County Products Dinner. 

At the local Chautauqua, one day was given over to a 
Brown County home coming. 

CARROLL 

Given, a resourceful, energetic, public spirited citizen, liv- 
ing on an Indiana farm which has been in the family since 
1832 and cherishing, among other pioneer heirlooms, the old 
saddle-bags in which the money was carried to the frontier 
to pay for it ; whose uncle was the first white child to be born 
in what was to be known as Carroll County; required, to 
find an ideal county Centennial chairman. This was the self- 



92 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

evident problem presented to interested citizens of Carroll 
and the answer was Mrs. Chas. Buckley of Delphi. Both Mr. 
and Mrs. Buckley were keenly alive to the meaning and pos- 
sibilities of the Centennial, and while the latter assumed the 
responsibility of organization and leadership, the zealous and 
efficient work of the former was a big factor in her success. 

Mrs. Buckley was one county chairman who was literally 
instant in season and out. Filled with unquenchable en- 
thusiasm, and enjoying the full confidence of her people, she 
demonstrated what might have been done in every county in 
Indiana had there been enough Mrs. Buckleys to go around. 
She kept in constant touch with the Commission and rarely, 
if ever, did the Director present a problem or an appeal to 
the county chairmen to which she did not promptly respond 
encouragingly. 

With a grasp of the situation that boded success, Mrs. 
Buckley proceeded at once to enlist the active cooperation 
of the school forces of the county and appealed directly to 
the trustees of the thirteen townships, appearing at their 
monthly meetings, and with remarkable success. Each trus- 
tee was made chairman of his township committee, and was 
to cooperate generally, in looking after the historical and 
educational interests of the celebration. She interviewed the 
teachers personally, arousing their enthusiasm in the Cen- 
tennial. She had March 17 designated as "Historical Day" 
in the schools, which was very generally observed. The 
grade schools of Delphi presented a pageant prepared by the 
Misses Emma and Josephine Shealey, with so great success 
that it had to be repeated. In nearly every locality, competi- 
tive essays on local history were prepared by pupils. Despite 
an obstructive county superintendent, therefore, Indiana's 
Centennial was made to mean something to the Carroll 
schools. 

The editors of the five representative papers of the county 
were appointed a publicity committee, and did good service 
in acquainting their readers with Centennial plans and ideals. 
Mrs. Buckley took the pains to edit a column of her own, 
however, in which she set forth interesting facts of local 
history, presented suggestive questionnaires and kept the Cen- 
tennial pot boiling generally. The Citizen-Times of Delphi 
was especially generous and effective in its cooperation. The 



COUNTY CEIiEBRATIONS 93 

Chairman did not rely solely upon the schools and the news- 
papers to carry the Centennial message. She attended the 
farmers' institutes, urging the cause upon those in attend 
ance. She saw to it that Indiana Products Day was observed 
by the Delphi Business Men's Association, thus calling to 
their attention the anniversary and its significance. The day 
was also observed at Flora. 

Carroll county was organized May 1, 1828. The Sunday 
falling nearest that date was April 30, which was made "Ob- 
servance Day," on which all the churches held appropriate 
pioneer services. 

In the spring some local celebrations were held in connec- 
tion with the schools. Washington township held a big Cen- 
tennial rally on March 17th, with a big township parade in 
the forenoon, a community picnic dinner enjoyed by four or 
five hundred people, and a good program in the afternoon. 

The county celebration, on which all preparations focused, 
was fixed for August 10 to 13. The financial responsibility 
was assumed by the business men of Delphi. August 10 was 
designated "Pioneer Day." The program was furnished by 
Washington, Carrollton, Burlington, Rock Creek, Jackson and 
Monroe townships of the eastern part of the county, with Pro- 
fessor J. C. Trent of Flora as Chairman. The townships put 
on a very creditable parade in the forenoon, commendably 
historical in character. The program for the afternoon, as 
in fact for the entire celebration, was permeated with pioneer 
atmosphere. Prizes were offered for the best old-time reci- 
tation, the best dressed pioneer couple, best pioneer outfit, 
the best township glee club, to the couple bringing in the 
largest family of children. Features of pioneer life generally 
were exploited. The address of the day was given by Attor- 
ney P. H. O'Donnell of Chicago, formerly of Washington 
township, and Irish dances were put on by his daughters, 
accompanied by an Irish piper. 

Friday was "Carroll Day," the program being furnished 
by Clay, Madison, Tippecanoe, Jefferson and Adams town- 
ships, and was similar to that of the previous day. Geo. E. 
Sites of Yeoman was chairman. A new feature was an old- 
fashioned spelling match. The circuit rider made his ap- 
pearance as a center of interest, as did the country doctor 
the day before. 



94 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Saturday was known as "Old Settlers' and Home Coming 
Day," and for it Deer Creek township and Delphi were re- 
sponsible, with city school superintendent C. F. Bradshaw, 
chairman. Probably one of the most important features of 
the week, if not of the year, took place in th'e forenoon in the 
formal dedication of a huge memorial stone, marking the spot 
where, ninety years before. Gen. Samuel Milroy, the first 
settler, raised his cabin on arrival. The Milroys were not 
only very early pioneers, but prominently identified with the 
history of State and county. The address was delivered by 
Chas. Milroy of Chicago, grandson of the old General. An- 
other member of the family, H. C. Milroy, artist-farmer, was 
largely responsible for the realization of this cherished proj- 
ect of Mrs. Buckley. The monument bears the legend: "Site 
of Cabin Home, Gen. Samuel Milroy, 1826, on the Banks 
o' Deer Crick," and set apart from this, "1818-1916, Hoosier 
State Centennial Pioneers of Carroll County." The after- 
noon was given over to an Old Settlers' program. 

A Centennial vesper service was held Sunday evening, the 
address being given by Rev. Chester W. Wharton of Kentland. 

A popular feature of the celebration was the public, out- 
door showing of the history film, "Indiana." An exhibition 
of relics was made during the observance, in charge of the 
Charles Carroll Chapter D. A. R. of Delphi. In fine, probably 
no county celebration in the State was more thoroughly his- 
torical in character than that of Carroll. 

The county was represented by Miss Minnie Snoeberger in 
the Centennial Cavalcade at the state celebration on October 
6. Mrs. Buckley had all plans made for a float for the pro- 
cession, but at the last was disappointed in not being able 
to secure the material on which she had depended. Mr. and 
Mrs. Buckley made some very material contributions to the 
state exhibit of relics of household arts, given by the John 
Herron Art Institute during the month of October. 

CASS 

Despite the fact that there is much of historic interest in 
Cass County, conservatism or inertia, and a reluctance to as- 
sume responsibility, operated to prevent a real Centennial 
movement within its limits. It has a long established his- 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 95 

torical society but the latter lacked the virility necessary for 
leadership and constructive work, and made too little use of 
the opportunity at hand to arouse an interest in local his- 
torical matters. This seems all the more regrettable from 
the fact that the society has" long wished to secure the funds 
'necessary for the erection of a building, for which a site has 
been bequeathed. However, the society hopes to be able to 
erect in 1917 its permanent home for the housing of its ma- 
terials, now scattered throughout the county. 

After many ineffectual efforts, a chairman was finally 
secured in January, in the person of A. H. Douglass, superin- 
tendent of the Logansport schools. He restricted his activi- 
ties to the schools, however, with the result that the move- 
ment did not reach the citizenship as a whole. And, even 
thus, they were focused principally upon one day of celebra- 
tion rather than upon the more permanent and effective work 
which might have been done in the more routine work of the 
pupils. No attempt was made to coordinate the work of the 
county with that of the State in the wider Centennial inter- 
ests. 

With these implied criticisms of what was not done, 
hearty commendation is offered for the successful accomplish- 
ment of that which was attempted. The annual field day ex- 
ercises, featuring the closing days of the Logansport schools, 
was turned into a County School Centennial celebration. June 
2 was chosen as the day, in which twenty-two hundred Cass 
County pupils participated in a school pageant at Spencer 
Park, before a crowd of probably ten thousand people. Large 
credit for the success of the day belongs to Miss Sue Blass- 
ingham, supervisor of the city schools, who was largely re- 
sponsible for the arrangement and direction of the pageant. 

The first episode was a beautiful symbolic representation 
of the Wilderness, the coming of the spirit of Civilization and 
the ensuing conflict between the latter and the spirit of the 
Wilderness in which Civilization overcomes. Hundreds of 
children appeared in this gorgeous and attractive spectacle, 
depicting almost every conceivable phase of wild life, from 
the moth and gay butterfly and the modest wild flower to the 
bear and the buffalo. 

Episode two was devoted to Indian Life, portraying the 
life in the village, the hunt, games and recreations, prepara- 

6—15997 



96 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

tions for war and the war dance and the march against the 
enemy, interrupted by the arrival of the missionaries. 

The third episode dealt with the period of the dominance 
of the white man, from the arrival of LaSalle and the fur 
traders. The coming of the pioneers and the reproduction of 
phases of pioneer life were very effective, as was the passing 
of the Indians as shown in *'The Trail of Death." The Civil 
War period was given in "The Call of '61," followed by the 
march of the States, each being represented through a well 
known characteristic or tradition. Last, came "Glorious In- 
diana," attended by the notables who had figured in the 
"Wilderness history" of the State, from LaSalle to Jonathan 
Jennings, followed by an escort of Indiana's famous sons and 
daughters. In the finale, all the participants in the pageant 
joined in singing "Indiana" and "On the Banks of the Wa- 
bash." 

While nothing was actually accomplished in that direction 
in 1916, several markers are proposed for locating historic 
spots. 

CLARK 

Claiming as it does the oldest English settlement in the 
State in Clarksville, the home of Indiana's first Governor in 
Charlestown, the home and domain of George Rogers Clark 
himself, whose honored name it bears, it would seem that 
Clark County would have been most keenly alive to the spirit 
of 1916. In addition to its historic possibilities it had a most 
enthusiastic leader in Capt. L. C. Baird, active man of affairs 
as well as historian of his county. He attended the confer- 
ence of County Centennial Chairmen at the State Capitol in 
December and lent much to its discussions and general in- 
terest and value. 

An admirably planned week of observance was announced, 
incorporating in its scheme the participation of the whole 
county. But the county furnished one of the few exceptions 
to the rule that enthusiastic and capable leadership was equal 
to any emergency in putting the thing across. In the face of 
the zeal of its next door neighbor, Floyd County, Clark 
yawned and languished, and in June Capt. Baird resigned in 
despair and disgust. Apparently the cause was to go entirely 
by default. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 97 

But there were a few women in Jeffersonville of the in- 
trepid spirit of George Rogers Clark himself, members of the 
Ann Rogers Clark chapter of the D. A. R. The Regent, Mrs. 
Nathan Sparks, v/as determined that the county should not 
be lost to honor altogether, and rallied her forces to the res- 
cue. The result was a day of observance at Jeffersonville on 
September 30, under the auspices of the Chapter. It was 
primarily a children's day or rally. In the forenoon a parade 
occurred and in the afternoon an appropriate program of 
exercises, drills and folk dances was given, some of those be- 
ing reproduced which had been so effectively presented by 
the Jeffersonville school children under the direction of Miss 
Lena Board, at the Corydon celebration in June. 

Clark County also elected a young lady in the person of 
Miss Mary Dubel to represent it in the Centennial Cavalcade 
at the state celebration at Indianapolis. 

Furthermore, as if to make up for earlier remissness, fit- 
ting Admission Day exercises were held in Jeffersonville on 
the evening of December 11, presided over by Mayor E. W. 
Rauth. Following a patriotic orchestral and choral musical 
program, an address on "Early Days in Indiana" was de- 
livered by Capt. L. C. Baird. 

CLAY 

What's in a name ? In this instance it proved to be a case 
of too much clay. A decade ago the coal mining industry 
was paramount in Brazil and the county. When the mines 
began to fail, a new industry was developed in the manufac- 
ture of clay products, with ten plants in operation. This is 
the prologue. 

Early in the season there was nothing to indicate that 
Clay County would not take its place with its colleagues in 
the proper observance of the State's Centennial. The educa- 
tional work began propitiously in the schools. In December 
1915, Mr. Dick Miller of Indianapolis gave an inspirational 
address before the high school students of Brazil. In Febru- 
ary, Miss Dye of the Commission made a visit to the county 
seat during which she made four talks and addresses, and re- 
ported encouraging interest. 

Mr. John G. H. Klingler was made county chairman. Im- 
mersed in business, he seemed unable to give the prompt and 



98 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

adequate attention to the work which would have been for 
the best. However, tentative plans were finally laid for a 
county celebration to be held the last of September, featured 
by a pageant. 

In July, a general strike on the part of the workers tied 
up the clay industries of the county and likewise cut the 
sinews of celebration. Business was to a degTee paralyzed 
and had no heart for patriotic observance. As a result, apart 
from the work done in the schools, in accordance with the 
plan furnished by the Commission, Clay county had little or 
no part in the year's Centennial program. 

CLINTON 

A brave array of committees, fully manned, failed to put 
across the Centennial idea in Clinton County. "We thought 
it was well organized but it didn't work," laconically re- 
ported County Chairman 0. M. Pittinger, superintendent of 
the Frankfort schools. 

Outside of Frankfort, the only activity manifested was 
in the adjoining communities of Scircleville and Hillisburg in 
the eastern part of the county, in which were held admirable 
school and community celebrations in the spring. 

The Frankfort public schools gave a splendid all-day cele- 
bration on May 25, opened by a flag drill participated in by 
1,500 pupils. A pageant play was given by the pupils of the 
Central Building, the synopsis of which follows: 

The Spirit of the Wilderness summons The Powers of the Forest, 
The Powers of the River and The Mist Maidens who dance together with 
the untrammeled joy of untamed creatures. A shot is heard. The 
Powers flee. The Spirit of The Wilderness pauses for a moment, a look 
of anger on her face as if she would see who dared to break into her 
kingdom. 

The Pioneer Man and The Pioneer Woman enter the clearing. The 
Spirit of the Wilderness, followed by all the Powers of the Forest bear 
down upon them. The Pioneer Man and The Pioneer Woman repulse 
them. The Powers of the River lash out at them. 

After the Powers are driven away, The Pioneer Man and The 
Pioneer Woman meet and conquer Fever, Famine and Death. When the 
victory is won, The Spirit of the Wilderness approaches and calls upon 
all the other Powers to pay tribute to the Pioneers and they follow them 
into the forest, indicating their humility and willingness to serve. 

Pupils of the same building presented the Battle of Tip- 
pecanoe. An Abraham Lincoln episode was given by High 



COUNTY CELEBUATIONS 99 

School pupils; scenes from the lives of early missionaries in 
Indiana by the Woodside school and a representation of an 
( arly church by first ward pupils. Eggleston's "The Hoosier 
School Master" was dramatized by pupils of the second ward. 
The afternoon was given over to games and athletic sports. 

A county celebration was planned to take place in the fall, 
but interest seemed to have spent itself in the Frankfort 
school observance. In a word, the school people of the county 
seat held high the Centennial banner while its citizens gen- 
erally allowed it to trail in the dust. 

Miss Goldine Grove of Frankfort, seated on a prancing 
thoroughbred, represented Clinton in the Centennial Caval- 
cade at Indianapolis. 

Admission Day was observed by the High School and one 
or two of the grade schools of Frankfort and by the Michigan- 
town schools. 

CRAWFORD 

For a county which claims to have furnished more soldiers 
for the defense of the Union in the Civil War than any other 
in the State, for population, Crawford might have been ex- 
pected to make a better showing of state patriotism. It did 
practically nothing in recognition of the Indiana Centenary. 
Numerous representative citizens were appealed to, the ma- 
jority of whom did not so much as deign a reply. Interest 
seemed almost wholly lacking. 

Some recognition was given in the schools of the county 
under the leadership of the county superintendent, S. A. 
Beals. He set apart February 11 as Centennial Day, on 
which nearly all the schools held appropriate exercises. In 
some instances two or three of those of smallest enrollment 
united in the giving of programs. It was Mr. Beals' plan to 
bring teacher, pupil and patron together, each to have a part, 
by recitation or reminiscence in the review of state or local 
history. 

Finally, in April, the Commission got in touch with Miss 
Lucy Thornbury of English, who evinced an active and patri- 
otic interest in the cause, and accepted the chairmanship. She 
began at once to perfect plans and July 4th was fixed as the 
date of a county celebration. A long and serious illness com- 
pelled her to relinquish the leadership, however, which no 
one else would assume. Hence these short and simple annals. 



100 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

DAVIESS 

"Our Centennial Celebration on Monday, October 13, 1916, 
was the biggest and best demonstration in our city within its 
history. The people of the city were simply dumbfounded as 
they witnessed the immense procession. Over 3,000 school 
children, floats, wagons, vehicles of all kinds, log cabins on 
wagons and all, more than two miles in length, witnessed by 
thousands who lined the streets on all sides." 

Thus came the first returns of the Daviess celebration 
from the enthusiastic pen of the chairman, Hamlet Allen, 
Superintendent of the Washington schools. A fine gentleman 
of the old school, Mr. Allen was not too thoroughly engrossed 
with the stress of latter day education to take time to culti- 
vate his soul and those of the young people entrusted to his 
care, through an appreciative recognition of the past. He 
took his Centennial responsibilities seriously but enthusiastic- 
ally in the spirit of true patriotism. 

Early in the year he began by appointing a committee in 
each township and outlining the general scope of the work 
which the committees should undertake. 

In thorough keeping v/ith the spirit of the year, in April 
there was held in Washington a four days' celebration of the 
100th anniversary of the founding of Methodism in Daviess 
county. Commemorative addresses, informational and in- 
spirational, were given, together with an interesting exhibi- 
tion of old records and relics associated with the early history 
of Methodism in the community, which attracted much at- 
tention. 

One week previous to the Daviess county celebration at 
Washington, an appropriate and successful local celebration 
was held at Elnora, under the efficient leadership of Mr. Clif- 
ford Farris, chairman and township trustee. A general pro- 
gram of events, including a parade, picnic dinner, music, 
drills, and folk games, and talks on local history, was enjoyed. 

The scope of the county's one-day observance is indicated 
in the opening paragraph above. Following the large parade 
in the forenoon, the school children presented a series of beau- 
tiful scenes emblematic of early history. Dressed in the 
quaint garb of their forefathers, the children gave a realistic 
presentation of pioneer life. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 101 

A very large and excellent exhibition of relics was on dis- 
play throughout the week, deserving much commendation and 
in which the county at large manifested much interest. On 
a railroad side track was exhibited the old "Atlantic," an 
engine built in 1832 and said to be the second engine used on 
the Baltimore and Ohio road. With it was displayed an old- 
fashioned railroad coach, with a seating capacity of about a 
dozen passengers. 

In connection with the celebration the historical film "In- 
diana" was shown. 

Daviess County was represented at the state capitol on 
County Day by the presence of its county chairman and by 
Miss Bernice Sims of Elnora, who rode in the Centennial 
Cavalcade as Miss Daviess. 

DEARBORN 

Although a Centennial Chairman was selected in Dearborn 
in the summer of 1915, it was not until in August of 1916 that 
committees were appointed to take the matter in hand. The 
sequel was that no county celebration was held, although one 
day, October 7, was set apart for Aurora, and another, Oc- 
tober 14, for Lawrenceburg, in connection with annual fall 
festivals. On the occasion at Aurora, Governor Ralston de- 
livered a Centennial address. 

Some recognition of the anniversary year was given by 
the schools of the county, in the courses of study, in exhibits 
and in plays depicting state history. The high school gradu- 
ating class of Aurora, in place of the annual class play, pre- 
sented a well arranged dramatic portrayal of Hoosier history. 

The Aurora Woman's Research Club, gave a Centennial 
program on Admission Day, following which an anniversary 
elm was planted in the city library yard. 

W. H. O'Brien acted as County Chairman. 

DECATUR 

In view of the many celebrations and pageants in Indiana 
during the year, it is remarkable how few of them encoun- 
tered inclement weather. Of the whole number of pageants 
given, two score and more, not more than a half dozen suf- 
fered any considerable inconvenience, and of these latter, one 



102 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

only was prohibited altogether of presentation by rain. This 
is a very comforting and felicitous observation — except to the 
one in question. That one was the Decatur County Pageant. 

The incident of misfortune was ill-deserved and unhappy 
in view of the Centennial spirit and enthusiasm manifested 
by Decatur county. County chairman Walter W. Bonner and 
his central committee, composed of Roy C. Kanouse, John F. 
Russell, Elmer C. Jerman and Norman C. Schlemmer, were 
loyally supported in their plans by the citizenship of the 
county, the schools cooperated most heartily, and the news- 
papers proved generous and alert in behalf of the movement. 
And after all the energetic efforts expended — but why relate 
our tale of woe before absolutely necessary? 

The Committee started the ball rolling early in the year 
in the observance of Indiana Products Day on February 22. 
A banquet, largely and enthusiastically attended, was given 
at Greensburg, when several addresses were heard, the prin- 
cipal one by Hon. Philip Zoercher of Indianapolis. 

In March historical sentiment crystallized in the organi- 
zation of the Decatur County Historical Society. 

County School Superintendent F. C. Fields declared March 
17th "Indiana Day," issuing instructions and recommenda- 
tions to all the teachers concerning its observance. The day 
in Decatur county was distinctive among similar days in 
other counties, in the fact that with it was incorporated the 
home-coming idea. As a result, messages were delivered by 
ex-pupils and teachers, in person or by letter, from all over 
the country. Each school presented a brief history of the 
town or township in which it was located, as well as of its 
own district. 

Another distinctive feature of the day was the effective 
way in which it was used by the County Centennial Commit- 
tee. The latter organized a volunteer speakers' squadron, 
with the result that simultaneous addresses v/ere made in 
the schools all over the county. Nowhere was closer coopera- 
tion evident between the school authorities and the County 
Centennial organization. 

The pupils studied the history of the State and wrote the 
stories of intimate interest concerning its people, institutions, 
industries, etc. Certificates of honor were issued to all school 
children who read the history of Indiana. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 103 

Various organizations were active in observing the year. 
The D. A. R. gave an exhibit of relics. The Woman's De- 
partment Club exhibited paintings of Indiana artists, and 
clubs generally gave attention to Centennial subjects. Fra- 
ternal organizations and churches were zealous in supporting 
the plans of the county committee. 

The third week in October was chosen as the time for hold- 
ing the county celebration, the date of their annual corn fair. 
Great stress was placed upon the home-coming feature. A 
large order was placed for the Geo. Ade home-coming book- 
lets, gotten out by the State Commission, to which the De- 
catur committee added its own invitation, which was 
distributed broadcast. 

The county was well organized and a cash prize offered 
the township making the best showing in the county parade. 
The latter was scheduled for October 18, and despite unfavor- 
able weather, proved a big success. Much interest was mani- 
fested in the historical exhibit of relics, made in the display 
windows of business houses. 

On the evening of the nineteenth, Governor Ralston braved 
the elements to speak at the exercises dedicating the memorial 
furnished by the D. A. R. to mark the old Michigan road. 

But interest centered largely in the pageant, written by 
Mrs. J. C. Meek and Mrs. 0. G. Miller, with N. C. Schlemmer 
as director, all of Greensburg. It was arranged in nine epi- 
sodes, in general as follov/s : 1. — Natural resources. 2 — 
Spirits of the forest primeval. 3. — Indian life and relations 
with the whites, in four scenes. 4. — Pioneer life, in two 
scenes. 5. — Indiana state house. 6. — Campaign of 1840 in 
Decatur county. 7. — Underground railroad. 8, — Civil War. 
9. — Indiana of today. A beautiful pageant book was pub- 
lished and the cast was all in readiness for the presentation, 
which was to be made on each of the last three days, October 
19, 20 and 21. The weather was so impossible, however, that 
the project had to be given up altogether, including practically 
the whole celebration, for v/hich nearly $4,000 had been sub- 
scribed. On the following Sunday the churches conducted 
appropriate Centennial services. 

The one thing for which the Committee is to be criticised 
was the bringing in of carnival attractions, under the mis- 
guided conception that such would contribute to the success 



104 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

of the celebration. But in view of all its troubles, the mantle 
of charity should for once be draped over this inconsistency. 

Decatur county made an excellent showing on County Day 
of the state celebration, in a float consisting of a reproduction, 
in miniature, of its famous tree-grown court house tower. 

Although, in a sense, the Centennial preparations of De- 
catur ended in disaster, they were by no means profitless. 
The Chairman, Mr. Bonner, reports a thorough arousing of a 
fine patriotic spirit in all the citizenship, and a better coopera- 
tion on the part of people of each township in the county. 

DEKALB 

From the very first, a spirit of patriotic interest and coop- 
eration prevailed in Dekalb county which assured a general 
observance of the Centennial. Attorney Walter D. Stump of 
Auburn proved an energetic Chairman and he effected a thor- 
oughly representative county organization through which 
came hearty support. 

Happily, through the cooperation of Mrs. Lida Leasure, 
County School Superintendent, the Centennial propaganda 
began early in the schools of the county. February 18 was 
observed as Centennial Day, every school having public exer- 
cises in which recitations, papers and talks on Indiana his- 
tory were given, interspersed with Indiana songs and other 
patriotic music. Many Centennial school exhibits were 
arranged. 

In the regular school work of the year emphasis was 
placed upon state history of Indiana. In connection with the 
graduating exercises in the spring, both town and rural 
schools required papers on subjects pertaining to the history 
of Indiana. As will be noted later, the schools of the county 
took a prominent part in the county celebration in October. 
In her report following the latter event, Mrs. Leasure said, 
"We feel that our schools have read, sung, talked and dreamed 
Centennial for a year, almost." With more women school 
superintendents in the State, a similar report would doubtless 
have been made from many more counties. 

The first celebration in Dekalb county was held at Garrett 
on May 5. There was first a pageant parade in which his- 
torical features were introduced, such as the evolution of the 
Circuit Rider, portrayed by the Garrett Ministerial Associa- 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 105 

tion. The minister in the lead rode horseback, followed in 
turn by others in a cart, in an old buggy, in a surrey and last 
in an automobile. Floats were in line representing facts of 
Indiana history. 

A good program was later given in which addresses were 
made by County Chairman W. D. Stump of Auburn, and J. 
D. Brinkerhoff. The high school freshmen presented "In- 
diana's Admission into the Union ;" and a playlet, "Garrett's 
Stepping Stones," was given by representatives of all depart- 
ments of the city's activities. Music for the day was fur- 
nished by four bands of the county representing Garrett, 
Auburn, Waterloo and Laotto. The chairman of the success- 
ful Garrett celebration was M. D. Renkenberger. 

In the latter part of July the town of Butler named one 
day of a street fair "Centennial Day" on which a parade took 
place and two addresses were given of a semi-Centennial 
flavor. The home coming feature was emphasized. 

The county celebration was held in Auburn, October 4, 5 
and 6. October 4th was Old Settlers' Day, with appropriate 
talks and reminiscences. The 5th was Organization Day, 
on which organization and fraternal parades were given. 
October 6th was Public School Day, on which the big 
feature was a processional pageant participated in by the 
schools of the county and portraying definite events and 
phases of history. On each evening the school children of 
Auburn and vicinity presented a series of folk dances and 
drills. The regrettable feature of the celebration was the 
introduction of a discordant array of carnival concessions 
which represented indeed a concession to the vaudeville taste 
which could not but mar the otherwise commendable observ- 
ance. 

DELAWARE 

Delaware county had one day of very appropriate and 
creditable Centennial observance. It was given, however, in 
connection with the Muncie Industrial Exposition, and not 
as an independent Centennial enterprise. The educational 
and preparative work in the county was very limited, no per- 
manent memorials Vv''ere erected and no contribution was 
made to the state celebration. It therefore places itself in 
the second rank as having acquitted itself fairly well in the 
observance of the State's Centennial Anniversary. 



106 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Frederick F. McClellan, a Mimcie attorney, acted as Dela- 
ware's chairinan. He had a county organization in which 
the township trustees were appointed as chairmen of the 
township committees. Despite this fact, however, the cele- 
bration was pretty largely a Muncie affair, the leadership and 
large activity being assumed by Muncie people, although the 
townships were represented in the pageant parade. 

Early in the spring, the business interests of Muncie began 
promoting an industrial exposition for the "Magic City," the 
time for holding which was fixed at June 5-10. Up to that 
time, owing to civic and political turmoil in Muncie, noth- 
ing had been done looking toward a Centennial celebration in 
Delaware County. Little or no public sentiment toward that 
end had been created. With this situation existing, and with 
the business interests behind a dollars-and-cents enterprise 
of their own, incorporation with the latter was probably 
about the only hope of expression left to the Centennial idea. 
June 6 was set apart as Centennial Day, in charge of Mr. 
McClellan and his helpers. Plans were laid for a pageant 
parade, which should be historical, showing the history of 
the county from the time of its aboriginal inhabitants down to 
the present. 

The week of the industrial exposition was marred by rain, 
and the Centennial parade had to be postponed until June 8, 
when it was given very successfully. About fifteen hundred 
persons participated before crowds estimated at from forty 
to fifty thousand people. The parade was divided into the 
Indian, Colonial, Pioneer, Civil War and modern or county 
periods, for graphic historical portrayal. In the first, char- 
acteristic phases of Indian life were depicted, and a represen- 
tation of the signing of Wm. Penn's famous treaty with the 
Red Men, was given, along with other historical and semi- 
historical scenes. This part of the procession was put on 
by the local tribes of Red Men and the Camp Fire Girls. 

The D. A. R. handled the colonial period, featured with 
"The Birth of the Flag," George and Martha Washington, 
Minute Men, colonial dames and belles, "The spirit of '76," 
etc. A yoke of oxen fittingly headed the pioneer division, 
followed by the pioneer cabin with its frontier equipment, 
the log schoolhouse, and of course the pioneers themselves, 
conspicuous among them being Drs. G. W. H. Kemper and T. 



COUNTY celj:brations 107 

J. Bowles, on horseback, representing the pioneer doctors, 
which they themselves were in the days gone by. In the 
Civil War period were representations of Lee surrendering 
to Grant, Gov. Morton and Staff, Lincoln and his Cabinet and 
a very realistic portrayal of Sherman's "bummers." The im- 
pressive part, however, was that taken by the real "boys of 
'61" as they marched in the procession. 

Prominent in the modern period were the twelve floats 
of the Muncie schools, illustrating the twelve years of educa- 
tion. Other townships participated here, and very effectively. 
Along with the educational were portrayed the industrial, 
social, fraternal, and various developments of the modern 
period. The whole thing was v\^ell planned and v/ell executed 
and was one of the very worthy Centennial parades of the 
year. 

The work in the schools of Delaware county was not very 
extensive. Naturally, the preparations for participation in 
the above observance, directed attention to the Centennial and 
its significance, but comparatively little real work was done 
in Indiana history and the schools gave little attention to the 
anniversary apart from the general observance. Some work 
in English compositions was directed toward research in local 
history and biography, the best of the results of which was 
published, and the historical committee of Mr. McClellan's or- 
ganization had prepared and published in the newspapers a 
series of articles pertaining to the early history of the county. 
The clubs cooperated in the arrangement of work in harmony 
with the Centennial year and its interests. 

In summary it may be stated that the county rallied well 
to the one day of celebration, apart from v/hich little per- 
manent or constructive work was done and after which little 
further interest was taken in the Centennial movement. 

DUBOIS 

One day early in September, 1915, Lew M. O'Bannon of 
Corydon, a member of the Indiana Historical Commission, 
journeyed to Huntingburg to make an address on the subject 
of the approaching Centennial. Immediately on his return 
home he wrote in to the office of the Commission urging 
with insistence and enthusiasm that Miss Genevieve Will- 
iams be appointed Chairman of Dubois County. In slang 



108 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

parlance, this put the office in a hole, for the appointment 
would violate two rules of procedure which had been followed. 
Up to that time county chairmanships had been restricted to 
mere man, and they had been assigned as a rule to county 
seats. Naturally, the office hestitated. But Mr. O'Bannon 
wished it and he wrote with the fervor of a major league 
scout who discovers, out in the "bushes," the sensation of the 
season. Miss Williams was appointed. 

In looking back over the year 1916, a review of the 
achievements of the Dubois Chairman, together with those of 
the women chairmen of other counties, leads one to the wish 
that Mr. O'Bannon could have extended his Huntingburg trip 
into a tour of the State! Once upon a time a great com- 
mander contemplated a strategic but difficult stroke. "Im- 
possible," declared a number of his staff. "Impossible? I 
know no such word." To Miss Genevieve McDonald Wil- 
liams, we accord the title of "The Little Corporal" of the In- 
diana Centennial. With her nothing was impossible. No 
bigger than a minute, but quick as a second and as persever- 
ing as the hours, she matched unquenchable enthusiasm with 
matchless tact and ability, forcing her county into the very 
first rank in the observance of the Centennial anniversary of 
the State. Her generalship was unsurpassed by any chair- 
man in the State and equalled by very few. A toast to "The 
Little Corporal" of 1916 ! 

To begin with, a county celebration for Dubois seemed 
out of the question. There were the rivalries and jealousies 
almost inevitably incident to a situation in which the county 
seat town has a "runner up" in another part of the county. 
But with the diplomacy of a statesman as well as with the 
strategy of a general, Miss Williams soon had the situation 
so well in hand that Jasper fairly outdid itself in behalf of 
a county celebration held at Huntingburg. 

A thoroughgoing county organization was effected, com- 
posed of a central executive committee made up of members 
from Jasper and Huntingburg and one from each township 
who was chairman of his own township. 

The superintendent of the county schools lacked vision or 
initiative or both, and after vainly trying to get action 
through his leadership, the chairman went in person before the 
teachers, enlisting their support and conveying to them some- 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 109 

thing of her enthusiasm. She did have the active support of 
the City Superintendent of Huntingburg, N. F. Hutchinson. 
A number of schools held Centennial exercises at the close of 
the school year, when attention was given to Indiana songs 
and readings from Indiana authors, to themes in state and 
local history, and to exhibits of relics. Patrons and pupils 
often gathered for the day in patriotic community observance. 
The schools of Holland, Ireland, Birdseye and Jasper, had 
splendid graduating exercises in keeping with the year. In 
a week of exercises, June 11 to 18, the Catholic academy at 
Ferdinand emphasized the Centennial idea. 

As was often true over the State, people were inert and 
apathetic as regards observing the birthday of their common- 
wealth. It was a condition of indifference born of ignorance. 
But Miss Williams is a born "publicity man." A newspaper 
woman herself, she wrote and edited columns of gingery "pub- 
licity" which found its way into the newspapers of the county. 
And it was not the frothy, misleading variety which so often 
masquerades under the name. The clubs of Dubois aided ef- 
fectively in this direction. The Twentieth Century Club of 
Jasper devoted the whole year to the study of Indiana his- 
tory. The Music club of Huntingburg incorporated in its 
program topics and discussions on Indiana and gave an In- 
diana musical program. The Huntingburg Camp Fire girls 
studied local and county history, while the Acirema Club of 
young men made the interests of the Centennial in Dubois its 
special order of business. 

This club put on an Indiana Products Daj^ Dinner, and 
made it the occasion of arousing interest in the historic Free- 
man boundary line run by the United States surveyor, Thomas 
Freeman, in 1802, when he surveyed the famous Vincennes 
tract. The old line runs through Dubois, and the Acirema 
Club undertook the project of marking it with suitable memo- 
rials. The guest of the evening was Geo. R. Wilson, of 
Indianapolis, author of a history of Dubois, who gave an 
address on the subject. The sequel was that Governor Ralston 
issued a commission to the club to erect suitable markers, 
three of which were later placed with fitting ceremonies as 
a part of the county celebration. 

Miss Williams realized that she had her own problem to 
work out for her own county, yet she took every occasion for 



110 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

observation of the progress of the work elsewhere. Busy as 
she was as associate editor oT a newspaper, it is safe to as- 
sume that no county chairman was in attendance at more 
celebrations, pageants in particular, and in all probability her 
record was equalled, if at all, by but one other chairman, that 
of Perry County. 

The Dubois observance really began on Sunday, September 
17th. Special services were held in the morning and a big 
union service in the afternoon. At the latter. Congressman 
W. E. Cox delivered an excellent Centennial address, and a 
good program of patriotic music, including the "Hymn to 
Indiana" was given by orchestra and chorus. 

On Thursday, September 21, occurred the dedication of the 
Freeman line markers and monument, with addresses by Geo. 
R. Wilson. The film "Indiana" v/as shown, and a compre- 
hensive exhibit made of pioneer relics. Early in the season 
a clean-up and beautification campaign and contest was 
launched, the prizes in which were novv^ awarded. 

On Friday forenoon occurred one of the most extensive 
and impressive historical and industrial parades seen in 
southern Indiana or even in the whole State. It was most 
ably managed by the Acirema Club, led by its president, F. 
A. Stinson. The parade, two miles in length, moved on the 
minute and without a hitch. 

And then the pageant! Miss Williams wrote it herself 
and directed it in person. The faithfulness with which the 
work was done may be inferred from the following statement 
made by Geo. R. Wilson, the county historian : 

It was a source of most exquisite pleasure to me to witness the Cen- 
tennial Celebration at Huntingburg last Friday. It would be so to al- 
most any man who knows the history of his State and county, and saw 
it so beautifully presented within the oval at the fair grounds. The 
entire celebration from the first bugle call in the morning until the finale 
' is worthy of the most unlimited praise. The military precision with 
which the entire affair was conducted showed the hand of a master and 
the obedience of a soldier. 

The little dynamo behind the flags in the band stand and her corps 
of efficient assistants were equal to every emergency. The one great 
feature was the historical accuracy of the pageant. History was fol- 
lowed to the smallest detail. On this one point it surpassed any 
pageant I have ever seen, or any moving picture of one, even when pro- 
duced by expert pageant masters. 

The affair demonstrated this one thing: know your subject, get the 
spirit of the episode and the production will be natural. Another 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 111 

thought, the audience must know what is intended by the act before it 
can appreciate it. 

Dubois County is full of important historical incidents. It v/as 
the pioneer cradle of Indiana and all its pioneers, forests, rivers and 
trails contributed in the making of Indiana. To know your county's 
history is an asset when you attend a county pageant, so let all get 
ready for Jasper's celebration in 1917. 

The parade was a credit and an honor to Huntingburg and the 
county at large. The thanks of the entire county are due to each and 
every one from Columbia to the tiniest fairy that participated in the 
day's pi-ogram. 

Miss Williams and her local corps of efficient assistants are entitled 
to a vote of thanks from the city of Huntingburg and a resolution to 
that effect should be passed by the city council and made a matter of 
official record. The entire program was an honor to Southern Indiana. 
There is glory enough in it for everybody. 

Dr. James A. Woodburn and Mr. Lew M. O'Bannon of the 
State Commission were in attendance. The latter was amply 
justified in his "I told you so," while the former v/rote in to 
the office as follows: 

Miss Williams' pageant was a decided success, perhaps 1,000 in the 
cast. I enjoyed all of it (with Mr. O'Bannon) and we pronounced it a 
great credit to the county of Dubois. I sat by Mr. Wilson the his- 
torian of Dubois, and he says it represented the county history true to 
life. The finale v/as a splendid scene. I am to see Miss Williams soon 
and I shall tell her of the universal approval with v.iiich her efforts have 
been received. They say there v/ere ten thousand people on the pageant 
grounds. All v/ere greatly pleased. 

Miss Williams herself was particularly generous in her 
praise of the realistic and impressive manner in which Jasper 
handled the Civil War scene, maintaining that this almost 
universally included episode was not better done in any 
pageant in the State. 

OUTLINE OF THE PAGEANT 

INTRODUCTION 

Interpretive dances by children, representing manifestations of 
nature — v^'ood nymphs (young ladies for water sprites), flov/ers, fairies, 
gnomes, insects, butterflies. They usher in the spirit of Nature, attended 
by her handmaidens — Earth, Air, Fire, and V/ater. 

Episode I 

The Indians and French at Vincennes. 

Scene 1. Granting of Indian Tract to French (Patoka Tribe of Red 
Men and Daughters of Pocahontas representing the Indians, 
and the Y. M. I. taking the part of the French.) 

7—15097 



112 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Scene 2. Fathei* Gibault raises first American flag on Indiana soil at 
Vincennes. (By the Red Men, Daughters of Pocahontas on 
the one side, and the Y. M. I. and men of the Epworth League 
on the other.) 

Episode II 
The Pioneer in Dubois County. 

Scene 1. The McDonald settlement on the "Buffalo Trace." McDonald 
adopted by Red Men. (Boone and Madison Township people 
and Patoka Tribe of Red Men.) 

Scene 2. Social gathering at Ft. McDonald. (Same townships to furn- 
ish cast.) 

Scene 3. (1) George Rogers Clark and American Soldiers go over 
Trace from Louisville to Vincennes. (By people from all parts 
of the county.) (2) William Henry Harrison repairs 
Trace and leaves Rangers and Guides. Same Cast. (3) 
The Early Surveyors — Freeman, Buckingham, Rictor. (4) 
Material for "Western Sun," first paper at Vincennes carried 
over Trace. (5) First United States Mail carried on foot. 
(6) The Lincoln family moves to Illinois. 

Episode III 
Captain Dubois Episode. 

Scene 1. Capt. Dubois receives patent for land in Dubois County. 

Scene 2. Council at Vincennes between Harrison and Tecumseh. (Pa- 
toka Tribe of Red Men). 

Scene 3. Indians steal horses from the McDonalds. 

Scene 4. Battle of Tippecanoe. (Patoka Tribe of Red Men and Wood- 
men of the World.) 

Scene 5. Dubois leaves Vincennes on business trip. (It v.-as on this trip 
that Dubois was dro\\Tied in the Little Wabash.) 

Episode IV 
Events in Early History of County. 

Scene 1. Formation of County. 

Scene 2. Father Kundeck's Works at Jasper; his arrival from Vin- 
cennes, and his work at Ferdinand; and the arrival of Bene- 
dictine Sisters from Covington, Ky. (By citizens of Jasper 
and Ferdinand.) 

Episode V 

Ci\*il Vv'ar Episode. 

Leaving of Company K from Jasper to join the 27th regiment at 
Indianapolis. Dinner and presentation of Flag by ladies. (Jasper 
citizens.) 

FINALE 

Tableaux of "Columbia and Uncle Sam," of the "Famous North- 
west Territory Group," and five or six others. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 113 

The whole celebration was in harmony with the ideals 
of the Commission which were also those of the County Chair- 
man. It was educational, historical and patriotic, with noth- 
ing to detract from the real Centennial spirit. 

Dubois county took a worthy part on County Day of the 
State Celebration. Mrs. H. C. Knapp of Huntingburg rode a 
black charger in the Cavalcade, while in the procession which 
followed, Dubois was represented by an immense American 
Flag, carried fiat by two score men. It was the property of 
the Knights of Columbus of Jasper and had appeared in the 
Dubois County parade. 

But occupying a seat of honor among the county Chair- 
men, close behind Ex-President Taft and Governor Ralston, 
rode the little woman vv^ho more than all was the embodiment 
of the Indiana Centennial. 

ELKHART 

Tv/enty years ago the Elkhart County Historical Society 
was organized. In the tvv'o decades it has gathered and placed 
in its archives much material on local history and has made 
a collection of historical relics v^^hich it claims to be one of the 
finest in the State. One of the organizers of the Society, its 
secretary for four years and its president the remaining years 
of its existence, H. S. K. Bartholomew, W9.s appointed Centen- 
nial Chairman for the county. 

If any county had a right to be discouraged and disheart- 
ened by a succession of untoward events, Elkhart county could 
well lay claim to it, as a brief chronicle of its Centennial 
efforts Vvill demonstrate. Yet to the credit of the chairman 
and his indefatigable assistants, the plans v/ere not aban- 
doned, and v/hile the celebration was not all that had been 
hoped for, it was, nevertheless, in spite of obstacles, human 
and superhuman. 

In the first place it v/as planned to hold a celebration in 
connection with the county commencement at Goshen on June 
3, with Governor Samuel T\I. Ralston as the speaker. It was 
learned, hovv'ever, that the Governor could not be present at 
that time, but could speak at Goshen on August 5. The latter 
date v^^as accordingly advertised as that of the county observ- 
ance. One week before that time however, the committee re- 
ceived word that owing to a conflict of dates. Gov. Ralston 



114 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

could not fill his engagement. The celebration was therefore 
indefinitely postponed. 

In the meantime, the center of interest, or of publicity at 
least, had shifted to the city of Elkhart, from which suddenly 
emanated in the forepart of July, glowing and fulsome stories 
of a week's celebration and pageant to be given there in the 
last week of September. After a few weeks of celebration — 
in the newspapers — the mayor, v/ho had taken the lead in 
the enterprise, issued a statement calling off the project on 
account of general lack of interest. Thus, exit Elkhart. 

The County Committee however had never entirely given 
up the idea of having a pageant, and in this idea persevered. 
Mrs. George B. Slate v/rote a pageant, dedicated to "All Good 
Hoosiers," portraying state history; several committees were 
appointed to arrange the details, and the Misses Grace Galen- 
tine and Luella Barlow, together with the author, undertook 
its direction. October 19 was the date set for the presenta- 
tion, the first day of the fall festival. It was to be given at 
Rogers Bend Park, capable of accommodating several thou- 
said people. And — "it rained all day." This was the un- 
garnished report of the Chairman, virtuous in its stoic 
repression. 

Did the Elkhart County Centennial enthusiasts yield to the 
elements ? Not they. Tv/o days later, on Saturday forenoon, 
the pageant was presented in the theatre, Vv^ith such changes 
as were necessary. The house was packed and hundreds were 
turned away. Elkhart county celebrated, and the indomi- 
table spirit shown was the stuff of which the pioneers it hon- 
ored were made. 

A neat little pageant book was issued, giving the setting 
of the scenes, and the names of the people involved therein. 
The arrangement was unique in this, in that instead of nam- 
ing the episode, each was suggested by appropriate quotations, 
as follov/s: 

Episode I 

Nature here 

Wantoned as in her prime, and played at will 

Her virgin fancies. — Milton. 

There followed a series of symbolic dances by the wood 
nymphs and spirits of nature, interrupted by the Indians. 
A note quoted this justification of interpretive dancing: as 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 115 

"sauce piquante of a human festival, relieving the grave his- 
torical groundwork of a community pageant, like a delicate 
pattern of embroidery upon the edge of a garment." 

Episode II 

Lo, the poor Indian! Whose untutor'd mind 

Sees God in clouds, or hears Him in the wind. — Pope. 

An impressive and sympathetic treatment of the Indians — 
their lives and misfortunes. 

Episode III 

When dames wore hoops and powdered hair, 

And very strict was etiquette. 
When men were brave and ladies fair, 

They danced the minuet. 

Minuet in Miniature by children. 

Episode IV 
A star for every state, and a state for every star. — R. C. Winthrop. 

Symbolic representation of admission of Indiana into the 
Union. 

Episode V 

I want plain facts, and I want plain words. 

Of the good old-fashioned ways, 
When speech was free as the song of birds, 

'Way back in the airly days. — J. Whitcomb Riley. 

Pioneer life of 1840, characters and recreations. 

Episode VI 

" He finds his fellow guilty of a skin. 

Not colour'd like his own, and having power 
T' enforce the wrong, for such a worthy cause 
Doomf and devotes him as his lawful prey. — Coivper. 

Underground Railroad incident. 

Episode VII 

Onward they marched, embattled, to the sound 
Of martial harmony, fifes, cornets, drums. 

That rouse the sleepy soul to arms, and bold 
Heroic deeds. — Somerville. 

Civil War enlistment scene. 



116 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Episode VIII 

Bring the good old bugle, boys, we'll sing another song. 
Sing it with a spirit that will stai-t the world along, 
Sing it as we used to sing it fifty thousand strong 
While we were marching through Georgia. 

G. A. R. Reunion and reminiscences. 

Episode IX 

My country, 'tis of thee 
Sweet land of liberty. 
Of thee I sing.— S. F. Smith. 

Finale: Uncle Sam, Indiana and the Nations. 

Apart from this formal celebration, the schools of the county 
took some notice of the Centennial. On May 12, the Emma 
R. Chandler school of Goshen gave a Centennial entertain- 
ment in pageant form, "Scenes from Indiana History." Spe- 
cial Centennial programs were given before teachers and 
guests at the Elkhart City Teachers' Institute in March and 
April. Subjects treated were "Early Indiana History," cen- 
tering in Corydon, M. G. Davis; "Reminiscences from the 
Early Practice of Medicine in Indiana," Dr. J. A. Work; 
"Early Arms and Weapons of Pioneers," Dr. A. L. Fisher; 
"Circuit Riders in Lav/ and Ministry," Rev. F. A. Dressel; 
"New Harmony Community," Miss Clara Van Nuys; "Early 
Methods of Transportation," J. S. Fischer; "The Underground 
Railroad in Indiana," Miss Margaret Wilson; "Early Educa- 
tional Facilities in Elkhart County," Miss Rosemary Wilker- 
son; "Plans for Indiana Centennial Celebration," J. W. Hold- 
erman. Old-time popular airs were sung, such as "The Last 
Rose of Summer," "Ben Bolt," "Kathleen Mavourneen," and a 
couple of jubilee melodies to the accompaniment of an ac- 
cordeon. No organized, thoroughgoing work in the schools of 
the county is reported. 

It is the hope of the faithful Centennial Committee that 
an interest has been av/akened in things historical that will 
bring to success the movement which has been started for se- 
curing a permanent home for the Elkhart County Historical 
Society. If the committee perseveres in the latter enterprise 
as it did in its celebration, there is no doubt of its fruition. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 117 

FAYETTE 

One of the early counties in the State to effect Centennial 
organization and perfect its plans, was Fayette. This came 
partly from having a thorough business man as leader in E. 
P. Hawkins, president of the Connersville Commercial Club, 
and a dominant figure in city and county affairs. Supported 
by a corps of enthusiastic workers, he had the work well out- 
lined and preparations under way before the first of the year. 

The fact that Fayette is a comparatively small county, 
and that, having no other towns, it centers peculiarly in Con- 
nersville, had much to do in shaping the organization and plan 
of celebration. Mr. Hawkins extended his organization to 
the townships, but none of the latter held separate celebra- 
tions with the exception of Orange, which had a worthy high 
school celebration on the evening of Admission Day. The 
whole county observance was centralized in the county seat. 
In this the townships participated actively to some extent, 
largely in the Centennial parade. In the main however, it 
may be said that the Fayette celebration was put on at Con- 
nersville by Connersville people. 

Other phases than that of the formal celebration early and 
continuously occupied the attention of the Committee. Prom- 
inent among these v/as that of permanent memorials. There 
was considerable discussion as to the form the memorial 
should take, in which philanthropy and service won the day, 
the result being the erection of the Fayette County Memorial 
Hospital. The Clio Club furthermore presented the city with 
a public drinking fountain, the dedication of which was a 
part of the county celebration program. The literary clubs 
of the county gave Centennial programs along through the 
year. 

The Fayette County Centennial Association appointed a 
committee on county history, the chairman of which, Miss 
Katherine Heron, prepared a history of Fayette County. The 
Association observed Indiana Products Day with a community 
dinner, at which Chairman Hawkins acted as toastmaster. 
Nothing was served except products grown or manufactured 
in the Hoosier State. 

The schools of city and county were alive to Centennial 
interests. County Superintendent Claude Trusler reports one 
day set apart in the schools of Fayette in which exercises 



118 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

were held in accordance with suggestions made by the Com- 
mission, Also, that Indiana history was studied, in accord- 
ance with the course outlined and that every child read 
Heineman's "Indian Trail," of special local interest. At the 
Commencement exercises, a Centennial address, "One Hundred 
Years of Hoosier History," was delivered by the Rev. L. E. 
Brown. In Connersville a Centennial play was presented by 
the grade and high school pupils. Thorough work is reported 
by the chairman on the part of teachers and students in col- 
lecting data and facts of local history. 

The county celebration was held July 2 to 5. The princi- 
pal events of the program as outlined, follow, particularly 
those of an especial Centennial nature : 

July 2, Sunday Evening — Sacred Concert, followed by the Rev. L. 
E. Brown's Address, "One Hundred Years of Hoosier History." 

July 3, Morning, Centennial parade. Afternoon, Children's Chorus; 
Address, Judge Marshall Williams. Evening, Address, Hon. James E. 
Watson. 

July 4, Home Coming Day. Morning — Reception to Visitors and Re- 
union of Former Residents. Afternoon — Home Coming Addresses. 

July 5, Morning, Presentation of Public Fountain to City by Clio 
Club. Afternoon, Centennial Address, Gov. Samuel M. Ralston.* Eve- 
ning, Pageant of Connersville and Fayette County. 

Concerts were furnished throughout the celebration by 
the Indianapolis News Newsboys' Band. On every afternoon 
and evening the historical moving picture, "Indiana," was 
shown at a local theatre. One of the best features of the 
whole observance was the splendid display of all kinds of rel- 
ics in the show windows of the main street. Indeed there 
were many commendable features of the celebration. The 
parade — historical, civic, fraternal, industrial and automobile 
— was unprecedented in size and attractiveness. Local his- 
tory was graphically and truly portrayed in the pageant. The 
v/hole was a real community celebration. 

Hov/ever, one grave criticism must be made of the Fayette 
celebration. The management made the mistake of opening 
up the main streets to carnival attractions and concessions, 
the noisome confusion and tawdriness of which detracted very 
largely from the Centennial observance. The whole enter- 
prise was thus unavoidably cheapened and an otherwise al- 
most ideal celebration marred. 

The Pageant, which closed the observance, was prepared 

*For Governor Ralston's address in full, see Appendix p. 395. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 119 

and directed by Miss Harriet Williams and dedicated by her 
to the school children of Connersville. It was presented at 
night before a very large audience. On a hillside appeared 
the interior of a cabin, wherein the settlers' scenes were made 
effective through the playing of flood and spot light. The 
mass scenes took place immediately before the audience on a 
large platform. While this made impossible the unity and 
freedom of movement essential to real pageantry, the his- 
torical scenes were given convincingly and impressively. The 
committee is to be commended for the publication of an at- 
tractive pageant book, containing, in addition to the text, the 
program of the whole celebration and the membership of the 
various Centennial Committees. 

ORDER OF EVENTS IN THE PAGEANT 
Episode I 
(1788) — Capture of John Conner by the Indians. 
Escape of Jonas Williams' Family. 

Episode II 

John Conner's Post in 1813. 

A plat of the Post. Arrival of Indian Traders. 

Coming of New Emigrants. 

Episode III 

Pioneer Life in 1820 — Claypool's Inn. 

A member of the New Capital Committee. T'le Pi',r.eoi- Preacher 
arrives. The Masonic Lodge. Indian Captures and Murder of Bcp. 
Davis. Fiddlers' Contest. 

Episode IV 
Wedding Scene in 1834. An Indianapolis-Connersville vv'eddiiig. 
Twin McCoi-mick Sisters married Twin Mart Bi-others. 

Episode V 
A School of the Forties. 

Episode VI 
The Singing School. 

Episode VII 
Life in the Forties and Fifties. Apple Peelings. Husking Bees. A 
Harrison-Tyler Parade. 

Episode VIII 
Civil War Period— Band Drill. Boys' Drill. Girls' Drill. 

Episode IX 
A Centennial Committee Meeting in 1916. 



120 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Episode X 
A Memorial Party — Pageant of Old Fashioned Games. 
A Commercial Club Banquet. 
Song — "Indiana." 

As a feature of the closing scene, the banquet of the Com- 
mercial Club, a huge birthday cake was brought in, lighted 
with one hundred candles. The subjects of the toasts were: 
"Our Forefathers," "Our Schools and Churches," "Our Noted 
Men," "Our Industries," "Our Gifts," "Our Centennial," and 
"Our Flag." It was with much appropriateness, that in re- 
sponse to the last, D. W. McKee of Connersville, recited his 
well known poem, "Old Glory:" 

TO THE FLAG 

(D. W. McKee.) 

All hail to the flag of the brave and free 

Far famed in song and in story. 

It waves o'er the land, it floats o'er the sea, 

And no other banner ever can be 

So dear to us as "Old Glory." 

Then hail to the flag, the red, blue and white, 
Its stars and stripes tell the story 
Of the fathers' fight for freedom and right 
Through seven long years of war's lurid night 
That gave to the world "Old Glory." 

Though we have no turreted castles old 
With moss and with lichens hoary, 
We've a heritage richer far than gold 
'Tis a birthright which has never been sold, 
Our freedom under "Old Glory." 

From the North and South, the East and the West, 

From fields of battle once gory, 

All strife now at rest, as one nation blest 

From the ocean's strand to the mountain's crest, 

We've only one flag, "Old Glory." 

Then fresh garlands bring to our God and king. 
Tell millions unborn the story. 
Let loud anthems ring as His praise we sing 
And proudly to heaven our banners, fling, 
While over all floats "Old Glory." 

CHORUS. 
Then hark to the song as it rolls along, 
Its theme is our country's story. 

Cheer! Cheer! the old flag, till from hill and from crag 
The echoes ring back, "Old Glory." 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 121 



FLOYD 



In 1913 New Albany celebrated its own Centennial anni- 
versary with an abandon of enthusiasm and public spirit that 
left little to be desired. Behind the celebration was a small 
group of men whose pride was in putting across any worthy 
enterprise attempted — and clear across. Floyd county was 
fortunate and the State Commission happy in securing one of 
these men, T. E. Crawford, to serve as county chairman in 
1916. He rallied together the old 1913 group and the thing 
was already as good as done. From the time "Ed" Craw- 
ford said "yes" to the invitation offered him to assume the 
leadership in his county, there was never a doubt as to the 
course of events in historic little Floyd. 

On February 25, under the direction of Glenn V. Scott, 
county superintendent, the Centennial was observed in the 
schools of the five townships of the county. At different 
times Chairman Crawford visited the townships in person, 
enlisting support in a county movement. In New Albany it- 
self frequent Centennial meetings v/ere held at the Chamber 
of Commerce, when stirring talks were given by local speak- 
ers and by those brought from outside. The Centennial idea 
was thus promulgated throughout the county and kept well 
before the public. 

The Floyd County celebration was packed into one day, 
September 21, and a full day it was. It began with a band 
concert in the City Plaza at nine o'clock, followed by a pa- 
rade. The Centennial spirit par excellence, however, hov- 
ered over beautiful Glenwood Park throughout the day. 
Shortly after noon addresses were delivered by U. Z. Wiley 
of Indianapolis, and Lev/ M. O'Bannon of Corydon, member 
of the State Commission. The speaking was followed by an 
old-time concert, given by fifty people, directed by Mrs. Bertha 
Schuler Van Pelt. 

In very truth, hov\^ever, the crowning event of the day was 
the Pageant and Masque of Indiana given in the evening, 
written and directed by Professor Chas. B. McLinn of the 
New Albany schools. It was presented on the banks of Silver 
Creek, and quoting from the Forev/ord, "upon a natural stage 
framed with trees, with a background of creek and steep 
banks beyond, covered v/ith dense foliage. From the stage 
in gradual incline, slopes a natural ampitheatre where the 



122 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

audience is seated. The effect is that of a primeval forest." 
Seats had been provided for 8,500 which did not accommodate 
half the audience, estimated to have been one of the largest 
Centennial pageant audiences of the State. 

The production opened with the following beautiful pro- 
logue : 

The mists that hide the years dissolve tonight 

And from them rise the half forgotten deeds, 

The simple life and simple faith of those 

Who here on Southern Indiana soil 

Laid the beginning of a mighty State. 

Where purple hills and fertile valleys smile , 

Upon the Wabash and Ohio 

A sturdy race v/as bred. They left to you 

A heritage of law and liberty, 

And from their toil, your peaceful homes arise. 

You well may feel the Southern Hoosier's pride 

In this Centennial. 

You live upon historic ground. These falls 

Have borne the Empire builders' craft. These hills 

Have flashed the signal fires of savage men. 

And here from Vevay to Vincennes extend 

The neighbor counties that first made the State. 

Within the circle of these trees shall pass 

A pageant of the early days. Come back 

Awhile, and tread with us the forest's paths, » 

Feel the explorer's thrill, the settler's hope, ^ 

And may there come to you a deeper pride / 

That you are sons of this great Commonwealth. 

The hour-glass turns, the sands now backward run. 

Approach ye spirits of the place — the pageant has begun. 

The pageant proper consisted of eight short episodes or 
scenes, as follows: 

1. The Indians and the Coming of LaSalle. 

2. George Rogers Clark at Corn Island. 

3. The Coming of the Pioneers. 

4. The Wedding. 

5. The Passing of the Settlers. ^ 

6. The Indian Attack. 

7. The Circuit Rider. 

8. The Governor's Ball. 

The Masque, "The Spirit of the West," was the unique 
feature of the New Albany Pageant and as beautiful as 
unique. 

The Spirit of the West attended by Opportunity, Courage, Endur- 
ance and Freedom comes upon the stage. The Spirit of the West speaks 



COUNTY CELEBRxVTIONS 123 

of the wonderful resources waiting to be used by the pioneer. Turning 
to the Hill Spirits and River Spirits, he asks of them what they v/ill 
give to the one who comes. They tell of their offerings. Opportunity 
tells what he will give, as also does Courage, Endurance and Freedom. 

Then into the beautiful land of the West come Puritan and Cavalier, 
who each tell their reason for coming to this part of the country. The 
Spirit of the West welcomes them and calls attention to the coming of 
Indiana. 

Upon the stage come the Flowers, preceding Indiana, who is ac- 
companied by symbolic figures, the Law, the Church, the School and 
the Home. Following these com.e various industries, representing the 
increased civilization. Indiana then calls upon the Herald to proclaim 
the mission of herself and party, which is that Justice may prevail, 
Order may be maintained. Liberty may rule. Knowledge may be spread — 
such being the blessings that statehood brings. 

Upon this peaceful scene comes the discordant note of the Spirits 
of War, who rush in upon the scene and attempt to annihilate all the 
good things that Statehood brings. Indiana bows her head with fear, 
but Laiv and Freedom step forward to protect her. Freedom strikes the 
sword of war from the leader Spirit, and disperses the hosts of battle. 
Then troop in the Evil Spirits — Poverty, Disease, Ignorance, Folly, In- 
dolence and Unlawfulness. For a timxe they run wild before the throne 
of Indiana, striving to overcome her protectors, but following them 
come the Bringers of the Light, and when the Light comes the Evil 
Spirits must depart. 

The Bringers of the Light, representing the higher civilization, are 
naturally follov/ed by the Arts, Letters, Commerce, etc., who each tell 
of their work. Then Fame takes the center of the stage and from her 
scroll reads the names of those natives of Indiana who have made their 
names honored the world over. 

From the hills and the woods joyfully come several groups of 
dancers. First the Harvest girls, of fair complexion and dresbcd in 
maize colored costumes with wheat in their hair and sickles in then- 
hands; then the Spirits of Fruits. A group of boys representing the 
Spirits of Mines and the Spirits of Industries follow. After these, a 
picture of the prosperous years to come is depicted by the Spirits of the 
Future in the closing dance, a joyous dance of hope and inspiration. 
The entire group in a spectacular finale joins in chorus and sings the 
Hymn to Indiana. The Spirits of the Hills and the Spirits of the River 
come from the background, form a straight line across the stage and 
throwing their arms up, with their scarfs form a curtain and signify 
that the Masque is over. 

This impressive and beautiful presentation of the history 
of the Commonv/calth was expressive of the high spirit with 
which Floyd County observed the anniversary and for which 
the representatives of the State Commission present voiced 
the highest praise. 



124 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The county was well represented on County Day at In- 
dianapolis, by Miss Mary Lucile Hackett in the Cavalcade 
and by a large number of its citizens in the parade which 
followed. 

FOUNTAIN 

The Centennial observance in Fountain County was educa- 
tional rather than celebrational. Wheeler McMillan, editor 
of the Covington Republican, was county chairman, and di- 
rected his efforts wholly to arousing among the school chil- 
dren an interest in state and local history. To this end his 
committee was made up largely of teachers and township trus- 
tees. 

In March, Troy township held an all-day observance in the 
Covington High School, with basket dinner at noon. The 
opening address was given by Mr, McMillan, who presided. 
Other addresses were made by J. Wesley Whicker of Attica, 
Miss Charity Dye of the State Commission, and Captain 
Schuyler La Tourette. A display was made of pioneer relics. 

On August 17 an Old Settlers gathering was held at 
Yeddo and was largely attended. The address of welcome 
was given by Miss Lucile Wilkey in costume of 1840. Scores 
appeared in old-time costume. James E. Watson delivered an 
historical address. 

Some of the schools, including those of Attica, observed 
Admission Day. 

The Fountain observance appears to have been rather 
sporadic and not sufficiently thoroughgoing to have reached 
the citizenship of the county as a whole. 

FRANKLIN 

A good example of the business man who is not too busy 
to be public spirited and patriotic, is found in Franklin 
County's chairman, John C. Shirk, the Brookville banker. 
He was one of the first, if not the very first, of the county 
chairmen to accept the post of Centennial leadership. As 
early as September in 1915 he had fixed the date of the 
Franklin County celebration, and the latter was carried out 
practically as planned, in June of the following year. Mr, 
Shirk is president of the local historical society which was 
organized nine years ago. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 125 

With beautiful, historic Brookville as its center, Franklin 
County was almost foreordained to have a good celebra- 
tion. In 1898 the tov/n had a home coming and in 1908 cele- 
brated its own Centennial and went in determined to outdo 
both in the observance of 1916. The county has history 
enough and to spare to "go around" for an indefinite num- 
ber of celebrations. On its roll of honor of those who were 
born or Vv^ho made their home within it^ limits it claims: 
Among educators, R. B. Abbott, President Albert Lea Uni- 
versity; E. D. Barbour, President Kansas University; W. M. 
Daily, President Indiana University; C. W. Hargitt, Presi- 
dent Syracuse University; J. P. D. John, President De Pauw 
University; L. D. Potter, President Glendale College; Charles 
N. Sims, Chancellor Syracuse University. Among states- 
men, U. S. Senators, Robert Hanna, John Henderson, Missis- 
sippi, Jesse B. Thomas, Illinois, author of the Missouri Com- 
promise, James Noble and Oliver H. Smith, Governors James 
B. Ray, Abram Hammond, Noah Noble, David Wallace, 
Stephen Harding, Utah, and John P. St. John, Kansas. 
Among jurists. Supreme Judges Isaac Blackford, W. F. Mc- 
Kinney and Stephen C. Stephens. Among artists and littera- 
teurs, Louisa M. Chitwood, poet, Ida Husted Harper, author 
and lecturer, Hiram Powers, sculptor, Maurice Thompson, 
author, and Lew Wallace, author. Among the military. Gen- 
eral P. A. Hackleman, Rear Admiral Oliver S. Glisson, Cap- 
tains W. H. Hernden, and James Noble, Jr., and others. 
Among government and state officials, James N. Tyner, Post- 
master-General, Edwin Terrell, Minister to Belgium, George 
E. Downey, Comptroller U. S. Treasury, James S. Clarkson, 
Assistant Postmaster-General, and Amos W. Butler, Secre- 
tary Indiana State Board of Charities. At large, James B. 
Eads. Few counties can point to such a galaxy of notables. 

The schools observed a Centennial Day, and some atten- 
tion was given to Indiana and its history in class work. The 
clubs likewise gave some attention to the anniversary. Rose- 
dale celebrated Admission Day with a program in the town 
hall on Decem.ber 11. For the most part, however, Frank- 
lin County's activity centered in its celebration, which took 
place June 1-4. On Thursday afternoon, June 1, the cele- 
bration was opened at the court house. After an address 
of welcome by Mr. Shirk, speeches of a reminiscent nature 



126 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

were made by home comers, including Chas. F. Jones of 
Washington, D. C, and Amos W. Butler, Dr. Frank B. Wynn, 
and Rev. J. W. Duncan of Indianapolis. A public reception 
to visitors followed. 

The principal event of Friday was to have been the county 
pageant, which a sudden summer shower unceremoniousl}'' 
postponed until the next day. The pageant was prepared 
by Prof. Charlton Andrews of New York and directed by 
Mr. D. 0. Slyter of Chicago. The landscape setting of the 
pageant, nestled in the hollow of the beautiful and winding 
Whitewater, was picturesque beyond compare. A brief out- 
line will suggest the nature of the production, which was 
really a series of historic scenes in pantomime. 

Prelude — America — Star Spangled Banner— The Sun Worshipers. 
Centennial Chorus, S. E. Secoy, conductor. 
Prologue — Leona Margaret Morstatter. 

Episodes I and II 

Indian Scene — Arrival of Whites — First Treaty Signed — Peace Pipe 
Smoked. 

Episode III 
Coming of Other Pioneers — Benj. McCarty, Amos Butler, Joseph 
and Eobert Hanna, Pvobert Templeton, Samuel Goodwin, John Vincent, 
Samuel Shirk. 

Episode IV 
Home Scene, Early Days — Old Fashioned Party — Husking Bee. 

Episodes V and VI 
States of the Union — Organization of Franklin County— Appearance 
of "Columbia" — Reception of Indiana Into the Union. 

Episodes VII and VIII 
The Land Office — Arrival of Pioneers — Filing Land Claims — Arrival 
of Stage Coach — Mail Distributed— Opening of Canal. 

Episodes IX and X 

Brookville College — Students — Fiddlers — Party Event — Messenger 
Announces ' Rumor of War — Fall of Ft. Sumter — Call for Volunteers — 
Students Depart to Enlist. 

Interlude — Weber's Band. 

Return of Soldiers — Northern and Southern Home Scenes — Re- 
united Nation. 

Interlude — Weber's Band. 

Episode XI 
Coming of the Railroad — Progress Since Civil War. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 127 

On Saturday morning the historical parade passed in re- 
view before Governor and Mrs. Samuel M. Ralston, represen- 
tatives of the Indiana Historical Commission, and other guests 
of honor. The past century of the county's history, institu- 
tional and industrial, was vividly shown. In the afternoon, 
addresses were delivered by Governor Ralston, Miss Charity 
Dye and Father John Cavanaugh, all of the Commission. 
Union Centennial religious services v/ere held Sunday after- 
noon. 

As might have been expected in such a historic center, 
a very fine exhibit of pioneer relics v/as made at the high 
school, which attracted much interest. 

The celebration was featured with good music by a local 
chorus and by the John C. Weber band of Cincinnati. 

Chairman Shirk and his Committee persevered in their 
determination to put on a dignified, patriotic observance, 
worthy of the State and the community, and their efforts were 
crowned vv^ith success. The largest crov/ds in the history of 
Brookville were reported. 

Miss Jean Case represented Franklin County in the Cen- 
tennial Cavalcade at Indianapolis on October 6th. 

FULTON 

Dean L. Barnhart, editor of the Rochester Sentinel, under- 
took the Centennial leadership in Fulton County. He mani- 
fested an active interest in the work, which his paper loyally 
supported. Circumstances arose vvhich compelled him to re- 
sign the chairmanship, but before doing so, he secured a sue-- 
cesser in the person of Dr. Wm. A. Smith. So far as the 
Commission could determine, the latter took no steps what- 
ever tov/ard a Centennial observance and no county celebra- 
tion was held. 

In May the Rochester school prepared a pageant in cele- 
bration of the year. Some other schools in the county gave 
appropriate programs, but little systematic work was done. 

GIBSON 

As a county, Gibson was one of the drones in the Cen- 
tennial hive. The Commission attempted pcrseveringly to get 
an organization launched, but without avail. After those 
who might most naturally be expected to take initiative in 

8—15997 



128 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

such a movement had dedined, C. G. Bradley, Secretary of 
the Princeton Chamber of Commerce, accepted the chairman- 
ship rather than see the county unrepresented. Soon after, 
he moved to another part of the State and repeated appeals 
failed to uncover anyone else in Princeton who seemed to care 
sufficiently whether or not the county played a creditable part 
in the patriotic movement. Vale Princeton ! 

Be it said, however, to their everlasting credit, that there 
v/ere two towns in the county that did care, and that took 
their place with honor in the Centennial procession. The 
first of these was Owensville. The local Domestic Science 
Club first felt the concern and was joined by the other clubs 
in naming J. A. Yager, superintendent of the city schools, 
as Chairman of the organization for arranging an Owens- 
ville Centennial celebration. The result was a most worthy 
two-day celebration on June 7th and 8th. 

The distinctive feature of the first day v^^as a pioneer 
school reunion, the central figure in which was Thomas Mar- 
vel, aged 82, who had taught school in that community as 
early as the 50's and who had "lived practically his whole 
life in the neighborhood, where in 1838 he went to his first 
school and where sixteen years later he first wielded the 
schoolmaster's birch." 

Committees from the various schools in which he had 
taught perfected the arrangements for the reunion of all the 
living members. An interesting program was presented with 
Mr. Marvel presiding. 

The Marvel school took a place of honor in the industrial 
and historical parade which immediately followed the reunion. 
During the two days of the observance, visitors thronged the 
museum of pioneer relics, gathered by C. E. Kimball. 

But the really ambitious undertaking of those patriotic 
Owensville folk was their community pageant, written by 
Mrs. A. W. Thompson, Mrs. Florence Leonard, J. Roy Strick- 
land, and J. A. Yager and directed by Frank W. Boren. It 
was held at night in an open meadow, where 300 people pre- 
sented important phases of state and local history before an 
audience of 2,500 spectators. 

Episode I The Prologue — A nature phantasy anterior to the com- 
ing of man. 

Episode II The Indians (localized). 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 129 

Episode III First White Settlers (localized). 

Episode IV Part 1 — Underground Railway. Part 2 — Civil War. 

Episode V Prosperity and Progress. 

This is the barest outline of a community effort of which 
most enthusiastic reports were given. It was well conceived 
and ably executed. In reporting on the whole celebration, 
Chairman Yager said, "it was such a success that every one 
felt that Owensville can do anything!" 

The other Centennial town in Gibson County was Oakland 
City, the home of the historian, W. M. Cockrum, author of 
"A Pioneer History of Indiana" and "The Underground Rail- 
way." A two night pageant was given June 14 and 15, on 
the Oakland City College campus, v/hen incidents recited in 
Colonel Cockrum's books were presented. The pageant was 
YN^ritten by Ella C. Wheatley and directed by Grover W. Sims, 
both of the college faculty. It opened with a firefly dance by 
sixty girls, "a display of beauty, youth, purity and graceful- 
ness that held the audience in rapt attention." The history 
presented in the first performance dealt with Indian life and 
customs, followed by a portrayal of the life of the early 
pioneer period, closing with the council between General Har- 
rison and Tecumseh and the battle of Tippecanoe. 

The second evening's performance presented a very vivid 
portrayal of the institutional life of the mid-centrury period 
and of its development into modern life; for example, the 
passing of the vehicles from pioneer tinies to the present — 
the ox team, mules, road cart, horse and buggy, auto buggy 
and an up-to-the-minute six cylinder. 

The pageant was at once an inspiration and a call to patri- 
otism which, as a local report averred, will leave its lesson in 
the minds of those who saw it for years to come. 

Admission Day exercises were held by the schools of Hazel- 
ton and Princeton and in the evening the Woman's Clubs of 
the latter tov/n united in a Centennial banquet. 

GRANT 

James O. Batchelor, Mayor of Marion, who served as 
County Chairman, succeeded in forming a Centennial organi- 
zation well representative of the county as a whole. The 
townships showed considerable interest in cooperating in pre- 
senting a pageant to be given at a county celebration which 
v/as first set for August. 



130 THE INDIANxV CENTENNIAL 

Later, the Centennial project was hooked up with Mar- 
ion's annual industrial exposition and, as usual in such a 
mesalliance, became an adjunct to a commercial enterprise. 
A professional promoter Vv^as secured, along with the usual 
"''free acts" associated v/ith the alluring word ''hippodrome," 
thus lowering the standard of what had been initiated as a 
real community observance and contribution to the patriotic 
tributes of the year. 

The county pageant v/as given, however, in whole or in 
part, each evening of the exposition, which was held October 
2 to 7, various townships presenting different episodes. 
Eugene McGillan v/as the author and introduced much local 
history. The outline follows : 

THE PRELUDE 

The Landing cf the Pilgrims. 

Episode I 
The Spirit of Civilization. 
The Organization of Grant County. 
The First Marriage Ceremony. 

Interlude 1. The Dance of the Spirits of Agriculture. 

Episode II 
Scene 1. The Gathering of the Tribes. 
Scene 2. The Decree of the V/hite Man. 

Episode III 
The Naming of Marion. 

Episode IV 
Evolution of the United States Mail System. 

Episode V 
Scene 1. The arrival of the Indian Traders. 
Scene 2. The Abduction of- Frances Slocum. 

Interlude 2. The Dance of the States — War. 

Episode VI 
Scene 1. Patriotism, of Grant County Citizens. 
Scene 2. The Underground Railway. 
Scene 3. The Emancipation Proclamation. 

Scene 4. Surrender of Robert E. Lee to General U, S. Grant. The 
End of the War. 

Episode VII 
Scene 1. The Battle of the Mississinev/a. 
Scene 2. Peace. 

FINALE 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 131 

During the week a collection of pioneer relics was on ex- 
hibit under the direction of R. L. Whitson, promoter of the 
well known Grant County Octogenarian Club. The annual 
meeting of the latter organization, held at Matter Park on 
August 15 was made a Centennial observance, with a fitting 
program of old-time mAisic and readings and an address by 
Daisy Douglas Barr. 

On Sunday, October 8, the Friends churches of Marion and 
Fairmount conducted all-day Centennial services in v/hich was 
reviewed the history of Quakerism in Indiana and its contri- 
bution to the progress of the Commonwealth. 

A few local celebrations were held in the county. Sv/ay- 
zee made a Centennial observance of its Fourth of July cele- 
bration, with a parade including historical features, an exhibit 
of relics of pioneer life and an address by the Rev. Joshua 
Stansfield. Celebrations are also reported at Upland and 
Jalapa. 

In the way of permanent memorials, the county chairman 
reports the Grant County Hospital ; a monument on the court 
house plaza to Martin Boots, founder of the city of Marion; 
likewise a marker in his memory by the local D. A. R. 

A day is reported as having been set aside in the schools 
for Centennial observance, but no special school celebrations 
were held. 

GREENE 

Sufficient interest was not aroused to hold a county cele- 
bration in Greene County. At the County Products Show 
held at Bloomfield in October, relics of early county life were 
shown. 

Worthington gave a distinctively Centennial flavor to its 
Fourth of July celebration, holding a home coming and put- 
ting on a parade which emphasized the development of state 
and national life. In the city plaza features of pioneer social 
life were portrayed and a community sing was held in which 
old-time melodies were enjoyed. 

Little attention was devoted to the Centennial by the schools 
of the county. Observance of Admission Day with fitting 
programs by the schools of Linton and Jasonville is reported. 

Allen G. Pate, a Bloomfield attorney, was county chair- 
man. 

Greene County was represented in the Centennial Caval- 
cade at Indianapolis by Miss Nevil Thompson. 



132 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

HAMILTON 

"The Centennial of my State was celebrated and I was 
not there." This is the refrain which must be sung by Ham- 
ilton, along with some other close-in counties. On local recom- 
mendation, Justice Hugh Anthony Maker, of Noblesville, who 
knows the history of every foot of the county, was made its 
Centennial Chairman. Mr. Maker admits that he is a poet 
and prides himself on getting up at an unearthly morning 
hour to cultivate the Muse. However that may be, he could 
not get up early enough to get a Centennial celebration 
started in Hamilton County. Nor apparently could any one 
else, for following his efforts, Mrs. H. H. Thompson and Miss 
Lulu M. Meisse worked at the problem v/ith self-sacrificing 
and patriotic fervor, but without avail. Apparently Hamil- 
ton County in general and Noblesville in particular, felt little 
interest in, and less concern for, an adequate observance of 
their State's Centennial. Noblesville put on a horse show 
while the State Centennial celebration was in progress twenty 
miles away! 

While there was no concerted movement, a few churches 
in the county and several women's clubs gave Centennial pro- 
grams during the year, and some of the schools observed the 
anniversary in a limited way. In anticipation of Admission 
Day the County Teachers' Association met on December 9, 
when a special Indiana program was given. 

HANCOCK 

Few counties, from which much might have been expected, 
did so little in recognition of the Centennial as did Hancock. 
Responsibility for such lack of manifestation of public spirit 
must be divided between those who were supposed to lead in 
the movement, the press, v/hich practically ignored the Cen- 
tennial, with the exception of the Fortville Tribune, and the 
citizenship generally. No county organization was effected 
and nothing whatever done looking toward an adequate ob- 
servance. 

In the autumn of 1915, Attorney Will A. Hough of Green- 
field accepted the county chairmanship. The months passed 
and when, late in the spring, Mr. Hough, who had some ex- 
cellent ideas for a celebration, pleaded stress of professional 
duties, his resignation was accepted. No little effort was put 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS • 133 

forth to secure a successor, but without avail. Finally, Rus- 
sell H. Strickland, Secretary of the Greenfield Business Men's 
Association, addressed the Commission concerning the assum- 
ing by his organization the responsibility of a Centennial 
celebration. As a result, on July 6, the Director of the Com- 
mission met a representative committee in Mr. Strickland's 
office in Greenfield, and effected a reorganization, with John 
F. Mitchell, Jr., as county chairman. A tentative program of 
observance was suggested to the Committee, the distinctive 
feature of which was a Riley pageant to be presented on the 
banks of Brandywine. The Committee reacted enthusiastic- 
ally and, despite the late start, every prospect seemed to 
please. 

Within a few weeks the Hoosier Poet died. Instead of 
giving impetus to the plans for the Riley pageant, the event 
seemed, strangely enough, to have the opposite effect. All 
attention v/as so zealously turned toward securing all that 
was mortal of the departed poet, that the pageant idea, at 
least, found its last resting place in Greenfield — and a golden 
opportunity was lost. Nothing further was done concerning 
a celebration. 

The Federated Clubs of Greenfield, determined not to let 
the anniversary pass without some recognition, placed a huge 
boulder in the yard of the city library as a Centennial memo- 
rial. A short program of dedication was given on October 
18th. 

Wilkinson, in the northeast corner of the county, must 
be credited with a manifestation of Centennial interest, due 
largely to the initiative and enthusiasm of Mrs. Martha J. 
Stubbs. Under her leadership a Centennial playlet was put 
on twice, from which sufficient proceeds were realized to in- 
sure the placing of markers on the sites of the first church, 
schoolhouse and cemetery in Brown township. 

The schools in some parts of the county observed the Cen- 
tennial v^^ith patriotic programs, the placing of permanent 
memorials being reported by two — a Centennial stone with 
patriotic exercises, by Green township, and the planting of a 
Centennial Elm at Charlottesville. Several addresses of a 
Centennial nature were given in connection with graduating 
exercises, and all the schools included Indiana history in their 
work. Admission Day was generally observed. 



134 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

HARRISON 

Boasting the cradle of Indiana statehood, no county had 
greater inspiration for a proper observance of the Centennial, 
and no county justified itself more thoroughly than did Har- 
rison. Old Corydon, with its tender memories and associa- 
tions clustering around the old court house, the Constitutional 
Elm and other historic spots, was the object of pilgrimage 
from all over the State and beyond. To visit this shrine of 
patriotism, v/as to strike the note of sentiment, of love, of 
veneration, v/ithout which patriotism must be an empty thing 
of words. 

Be it said and re-echoed to the credit of Harrison County, 
and Corydon in particular, that her citizens did not rely on his- 
torical atmosphere alone to put them on the Centennial map 
of Indiana. They "hustled history." They shovv^ed them- 
selves to be keenly alive to the greater responsibility resting 
upon them because of the historical associations v/hich clus- 
tered about them, and manifested a convincing demonstration 
of tv/entieth century energy and enthusiasm in observing a 
nineteenth century anniversary. Led by Thos. J. Wilson, 
County Chairman, and Lev/ M. O'Bannon, member of the 
State Commission, and supported by a loyal group of earnest 
citizens, the Harrison County celebration could not have been 
less the success it was. 

The county had two great possibilities and realized them 
both. On the one hand, in its inclusiveness and significance, 
its celebration was essentially a state celebration. On the 
other, nestling semi-remotely among the hills of the Ohio, 
in its execution, its observance was necessarily a community 
effort. And thus it was — a neighborly, intelligent and patri- 
otic people, uniting in the glorification of their own past, 
which was the past of their commonwealth. 

In October of 1915, the Historical Commission journeyed 
to Corydon where it met in business session and rendezvoused 
with the citizenry of the old capitol. Public meetings were 
held reverberating with patriotic flights. Visits were made 
to points of historic interest. Visitor and visited mingled to- 
gether in hospitable homes and fellowshipped at the banquet 
board. All of which was presumed to give encouragement 
and impetus to Harrison county to live up to its past in the 
good year of 1916. This purpose was doubtless realized. But 




The Capitol at Corydon — the Birthplace of the Constitution 



fl'io ) 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 137 

it is just as true that this pilgrimage toned up the Commis- 
sion, historically speaking, imparting to it a new enduement 
of the Centennial spirit and rendering it more capable of 
supervising the patriotic activities of the coming year. 

As a means of dem.ocratizing the movement in Harrison 
County and giving as many as possible a part in it, the "Old 
Capitol Centennial Association" was formed, with a nominal 
membership fee prescribed. Citizens of Corydon went out 
over the county in autos, speaking to the people and enlisting 
their cooperation. The county chairman visited different 
parts of the county, making addresses and arousing interest 
in the cause. The county was thus thoroughly organized 
with Centennial committees in each township. 

Contributing toward the same end was the work in the 
schools. County Superintendent A. 0. DeWeese proclaimed 
February 4th as the day on which celebration exercises should 
be held in every school district, encouraging patrons to ac- 
company the children, all spending the day together in festal, 
patriotic observance. 

The state celebration at Corydon took place June 2nd and 
3rd, when Indiana journeyed southv/ard to its Mecca. Two 
days could not have been more crowded with patriotic ob- 
servance and the manifestation of southern hospitality. The 
State was officially represented by Governor Ralston and the 
State Commission, he and other members being accompanied 
by their v/ives, all being entertained in the homes of Corydon. 
Governor and Mrs. Ralston v/ere royally received on their 
arrival. The "Yellow Jackets," Captain Spier Spencer's com- 
pany of soldiers who fought the Indians at Tippecanoe in 
1811, and who were to repeat the performance on the follov/- 
ing day, escorted the Governor and his party into town amid 
the huzzas of citizens. Leading the way in this procession 
were the six v/omen on horseback v/ho were to represent in 
the pageant, America, and Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, 
and Wisconsin, the five States formed from the Northwest 
Territory. 

On both forenoons the assembled thousands were favored 
with patriotic drills and symbolic dances by school children. 
The Corydon schools drilled on both days. On Friday, fifty 
pupils from the Jeffersonville schools, led by Miss Lena Board, 
put on some beautiful drills and pantomime representations, 



138 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

among the latter being ''Indiana's Hope," "A Century of 
Posies," "The Call of the West," "Pastoral Rhythms," "The 
Pioneer's Farewell," "Woodland Nymphs." On Saturday 
morning Evansville school children appeared on the scene, 
five hundred strong, accompanied by their High School Band, 
and before an immense crowd at the fair grounds, presented 
a wonderfully attractive array of drills and folk dances, di- 
rected by Prof. Julius Doerter. 

The Corydon celebration did not lack good and appropri- 
ate music. The Indiana University Orchestra was an in- 
valuable accompaniment to the pageant, reproducing much 
of the music which was heard in the Bloomington pageant 
two weeks previously. The Purdue University Band was 
present, intersticing patriotic airs through the various exer- 
cises. On Friday night an appropriate concert was given by 
the Corydon Choral Club, in which the Purdue Band assisted. 

A pretty feature of the Friday morning program was the 
vast pilgrimage from the Public Square to the Constitutional 
Elm, filling the streets their full width all the way. A brief, 
impressive program, consisting of the singing of "Indiana" 
by grade pupils of the Corydon schools, led by Miss Clara 
Bennett, and of a brief address by Congressman Merrill 
Moores, was rendered under the magnificent historic tree. 
From the elm, the march was taken back to the Square where 
a Centennial Elm was planted with appropriate ceremony. 
Judge William Ridley made an address to which Governor 
Ralston responded, the latter then planting the tree. 

Being held so near the Mason and Dixon line, the Corydon 
celebration just naturally couldn't get along without a 
plethora of eloquence. In order to get all the oratory in, 
or out, some of it had to be released during the pageant. But 
they were good speeches. On Friday, Congressman Merrill 
Moores, whose grandfather was treasurer of the State in the 
days of its beginnings, gave a carefully prepared historical 
address on "Indiana in 1816." Father John Cavanaugh, 
President of Notre Dame University and a member of the 
Commission, spoke on "What Constitutes a State." The sub- 
ject of the Governor's address was the talismanic "1916." On 
S^aturday, Frank C. Dailey spoke on "Indiana's Literary 
Achievements," and former Vice-President Charles W. Fair- 
banks on "Indiana Among the Sisterhood of States." 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 130 

"1916" 

By Governor Samuel M. Ralston 

Enshrined in the hearts of every people is some place — 
some loved or sacred spot — to which they journey for inspira- 
tion, courage and renewed faith. The Jews make their pil- 
grimage to Jerusalem — their promised land. The Moham- 
medans return to Mecca; the Greek scholars visit the Acro- 
polis at Athens and recall the triumphs of their state; the 
Italians seek out St. Peter's and revel in its glories of art 
and architecture and the former power of Rome; and the 
Americans turn their faces and footsteps to Mt. Vernon and 
Monticello, where they reconsecrate themselves to the ideals 
of Americanism. 

A HOOSIER SHRINE 

It is therefore fitting that Hoosiers in this, the Centennial 
Year of their State, should come to Corydon, Indiana's first 
capital, to recall something of the state's history — something 
of the sacrifices of the Pioneer Fathers and to strengthen 
their love of and devotion to those principles of free govern- 
ment that were here so ably enunciated in the state's first 
chart of liberty, the Constitution of 1816. The Hoosier who 
cannot be here on this occasion, should at least follow the 
example of the Moslem who, at sunrise, turns his face toward 
Mecca for religious inspiration, and turn his eyes and mind 
hither in contemplation of what was here wrought for his 
State and posterity. 

A TRIBUTE TO JENNINGS 

I cannot, of course, in the brief moments alloted me, pay 
tribute by name to each of our pioneer statesmen, whose pub- 
lic services rendered here add luster to the subject assigned 
me — 1916. I am not forgetful of the fact, however, that 
many of the advantages enjoyed by our State today are di- 
rectly traceable to the work wrought here. Nor do I forget 
that it was at this shrine of Hoosier liberty, where Jonathan 
Jennings, the first Governor of Indiana, my first great prede- 
cessor in office, served the people of our State, in the first 
years of her youth, with signal devotion and v^^isdom. While 
yet a young man, he was one of the statesmen philosophers 



140 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

whose guiding genius as president of the Constitutional Con- 
vention under the historic elm gave form and substance to 
the constitution here adopted. He was born and educated in 
the State of New Jersey. In his early manhood he cast his 
fortunes with the people of Indiana Territory, and it is not 
hard to understand why he v/as a successful leader of men 
when his conceptions and ideals of life are understood. In 
common with all men of a practical turn of mind he knew the 
indispensable place held in society by material things. He 
did not underrate the advantages of his state's and country's 
material resources, such as their land and their rivers, their 
forests and their mines; but he recognized that these min- 
istered almost v/liolly to the physical man, and that beyond 
them — far transcending as factors in civilization — were heart 
attributes and ethical principles indispensable to the highest 
type of civilization, and upon v/hich civil liberty itself de- 
pends. That I have thus correctly characterized him is made 
clear by a brief excerpt from his first message to the first 
legislature of Indiana. He said : 

"Under every free government the happiness of 
the citizens must be identified v/ith their morals; and 
while a constitutional exercise of their rights shall con- 
tinue to have its weight in the discharge of the duties 
required of the constitutional authorities of the State, 
too much attention cannot be bestowed to the encour- 
agement and promotion of every moral virtue, and to 
the enactment of lav/s calculated to restrain the vicious 
and prescribe punishment for every crime commensur- 
ate to its enormity." 

After a hundred years' experience, I believe all those in- 
terested in the peace and dignity and perpetuity of our com- 
monv/ealth subscribe to the philosophy of their first Hoosier 
Governor — that the happiness of the people of the State de- 
pends upon the morals of the State and that if the morals of 
a commonwealth are cast to the winds, it necessarily destroys 
the pillars upon which her institutions have been reared. 

THE LAW OP COMPENSATION 

In prescribing punishment, though our pioneer statesmen 
did it on humane lines, they did it in full recognition of the 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 141 

inflexible rule of compensation; that is to say, in some way 
or other, the wrongdoer pays either in a lesser or a greater 
measure for his wrongful act. If not in dollars and cents or 
in deprivation of liberty, he does so in the deterioration of his 
moral fibre. And however much we may modify physical 
punishment, hov\^ever much v/e may repudiate the thought or 
theory of vindictive justice, we cannot, and v/e should not, 
attempt to ignore the natural and inevitable law of compen- 
sation. That law has its proper place in the regulation and 
reformation of all human affairs. 

WILL NOT DISCUSS COMMERCIALISM 

I decline to talk today about the physical aspects of Hoos- 
ierdom, either in 1816 or 1916. I decline to talk today either 
of the log cabin of 1816 or of the palace of 1916 in Hoosier- 
dom. I decline to talk today about the limited transportation 
facilities of 1816, or of the unparalleled transportation facili- 
ties of 1916 in Hoosierdom. I decline to talk today of the 
commercial and industrial institutions of 1816 or 1916 in 
Hoosierdom. While all these things are patent, and are es- 
sentials of society, they are also the common things of society, 
and can v/ell be omitted from consideration by those who are 
congregated at this shrine of citizenship — at this altar of a 
home-coming, to vie with one another in honoring the mem- 
ory of the pioneers of their State, and to pledge themselves 
anew to the fundamental things — to the things that make for 
character building and true welfare for themselves and their 
posterity. 

VALUE OF HOME LIFE 

If I were asked to single out the dominant thought of 
1916 in Hoosierdom, I v/ould not liesitate to say it is home 
building, and home life. The people's best efforts and highest 
aspirations are put forth to make the home more secure in 
its purity and its comforts. It is not only the family's castle 
across whose threshold the highest oflicial m.ay not pass un- 
bidden, but it is the safeguard of a sane civilization. In it 
are cultivated the sturdy virtues of honor and loyalty — of 
vigor and gentility. 

We can v/ell honor the pioneers who here wrought for us, 
for they vv^ere ndt mistaken in their conception of home and 



142 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

the important relation it sustains to society. Every com- 
munity has its unfortunate class — those who, often without 
fault on their part, are without homes. The pioneers that 
here legislated for their State were most familiar with human 
experiences, and in so far as they could, they sought to put 
it in the power of every citizen, however unfortunate, to have 
a home, without loss of self-respect. 

By the constitution here adopted it was made the duty of 
the legislature to provide sufficient land whereon those per- 
sons who, by reason of age, infirmity or other misfortunes 
have a claim upon society, might have employment and proper 
comfort, and, in the phraseology of the constitution, "lose by 
their usefulness the degrading sense of dependence." Though 
it be a public institution where shelter and food and clothes 
are provided, yet if those who are the recipients thereof, have 
the opportunity through their labor and industry to contribute 
to the maintenance of the institution, they naturally attach 
themselves to it as though it were in truth and in fact their 
home, and they stand ready to defend it as such. This keeps 
burning in them the spirit of citizenship and gives them a 
better and more wholesome view of life. The year 1916 
shares this idea of the fathers — the important factor, home, is 
in the life of every individual. 

HOMES FOR DEPENDENT CHILDREN 

Some years ago our State sought, through its Board of 
State Charities, to make this idea workable in the case of de- 
pendent children. The legislature of 1897 charged this Board 
with the responsibility of securing private homes for this 
class of children. The legislature believed, as you and I be- 
lieve, that it makes no difference how ideal the public institu- 
tion may be, it does not secure for children the advantages 
of a home. That child is an object of pity v/hich does not 
have these advantages, and the Board of State Charities has 
been most vigilant in maintaining a watchful care over 
the homeless children of the commonwealth. Since 1897 it 
has placed in homes 3,434 children. Before anyone of this 
unfortunate class is allowed to take his place in a home as a 
member thereof, the home and its surroundings are most thor- 
oughly inspected. Ninety-six per cent of those put in such 
homes have made good; and those who have had this great 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS . 143 

social work in hand are saving this army of children to good 
citizenship ; and they are also saving the taxpayers of the 
state from having to provide public homes therefor at an an- 
nual cost of more than $400,000. The year 1916 is hon- 
oring itself by this work, and cheerfully acknowledges that 
it caught the spirit therefor from the Pioneer Fathers. All 
our benevolent and reformatory institutions are managed 
from the humane and self-respecting viewpoint and to dis- 
courage the pauper spirit. 

AN EDUCATED CITIZENSHIP 

Those who builded here our first constitution believed in 
an educated citizenship, and they sought to secure it by pro- 
viding for a system of schools beginning with the township 
and culminating in a state university, stipulating that the 
education provided for therein shall be free. Pioneer citizens 
did not receive much, if any, advantage from this wholesome 
constitutional provision. A system of education necessarily 
has to be thought out with great care. It requires trained 
talent, much experience and public cooperation. The diffi- 
culties the pioneers encountered in making a living for them- 
selves and families left them but little time to put an educa- 
tional system into operation; besides, the free school system 
at that time was not without opposition — I might say most 
stubborn opposition. And it was greatly to the credit of 
those pioneering the development of our State, that by the 
time a third of a century had passed in the life of Indiana they 
had suceeded in constructing what was in truth and in fact 
a fine free school system. 

It is instructive as well as interesting to consider the work 
done in that period of our state's history by our educational 
institutions, in comparison with what these institutions are 
doing for the public in 1916. The lack of funds with which 
to carry on educational work was until recent years a serious 
problem. Not until very recently was there ample provisions 
made to carry forward on a proper basis the work of our 
three state educational institutions, Indiana University, Pur- 
due University, and the State Normal School. The year 1916 
is therefore enjoying greater educational advantages and 
facilities than has any previous year in the brilliant history 
of our beloved State. 



144 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION NEEDED 

I have said in substance on a former occasion that one 
of the tragedies of this nation — and Indiana has had her 
part in it — has been the turning of boys and girls out of 
school without proper qualifications on the part of the vast 
majority of them to do their life work. A comparatively 
few of them were taught learnedly hov/ to deal with Greek 
roots, but the tragedy lies in the fact that the great majority 
of them will have to deal in the practical affairs of life — 
with beet roots, and corn roots and v/heat roots and a hundred 
other roots, on the flower and fruit of which the world must 
subsist ; and about these the public teachers and schools until 
recent years taught them nothing. Teachers and schools 
until recently taught them nothing of the plane and the mill ; 
nothing of the forge and the factory. Coordination of hand 
and mind has until. recently been neglected. 

And so 1916 is standing, not alone for a so-called higher 
or literary education, but also for a practical, that is a voca- 
tional education. Nineteen hundred and sixteen believes in 
a ripe scholarship, but it has common sense enough to know 
that the great majority of mankind will always remain hew- 
ers of wood and drav/ers of vvater, and for these, 1916 main- 
tains there should be provided a practical education. 

WHAT THE CENTENNIAL YEAR DEMANDS 

Nineteen hundred and sixteen maintains that the public 
is more interested in having the boy equipped for the farm 
or factory, than it is in having him prepared to operate on 
V/all street. Nineteen hundred and sixteen maintains, that 
domestic science serves society to a better purpose than does 
either the science of the stars, or the thin polish of the finish- 
ing school. Nineteen hundred and sixteen insists that the 
kitchen is more of a factor in the family life than it is possible 
for the observatory to be, and this is not saying anything 
against the observatory. It is the belief of 1916 that the phil- 
osopher, "who sitteth on the circle of the heavens" does 
not contribute, in the same degree, to the public welfare as 
does the man v/ho develops a fine farm, or a great industry 
in a manner calculated to dignify labor and humanize capi- 
tal. Nineteen hundred and sixteen is taking a stronger 
stand on the side of the little "Davids" v/ith their flocks of 
goats and sheep, and v/hile it v/ould not do injustice to the 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 145 

ambitious "Jonathans" thirsting for power, it would have the 
latter not to forget the doctrine of the Elder Brother — not 
to forget that both are from the same source and fated for 
the same destiny. 

THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

In my message to the legislature of 1915 I asked lor an 
appropriation that would enable the State to celebrate, in 
1916, the hundredth anniversary of the admission of Indiana 
into the Union. I asked for it because of the marvelous his- 
tory of our State. I asked for it because our people love 
their State. I asked for it because they are proud of her 
achievements along every line that causes a people to be rec- 
ognized as great — great in material progress and greater still 
in moral and intellectual development. I asked for it because 
of its educative benefit and the spirit such an event would 
arouse among our people; and I asked for it because not to 
have done so would have, in my judgment, shown a lack of 
patriotism on my part. 

The appropriation was made. It was but $25,000, yet it 
has enabled the Indiana Historical Commission created by 
that legislature and charged with this duty, to carry forward 
its work, not on a broad scale, but the Commission hopes in 
a satisfactory manner to the people under all the circum- 
stances. As the work of the Commission has progressed the 
interest of the people in every section of the State has be- 
come aroused in the historic event. They are studying as 
never before the history of this young republic, and as a re- 
sult their vision has been extended and they will enter upon 
the second century of their statehood a wiser, a better and a 
more masterful people. 

STATE PRIDE 

No people can feel the enthusiasm and possess the passion 
and pride the normal man and the normal woman feel in the 
history of their State, without becoming strengthened as a 
community and equipped for greater tasks in the future. 
Richly indeed has heaven smiled upon this community. It is 
one of the shrines of human liberty. Those who wrought 
here for civil government brought to you an inheritance more 
valuable than all the wealth of Golconda. If it were in the 
power of Harrison County to deprive herself of the distinc- 

9—15997 



146 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

tion of being the home wherein Indiana's statehood was born, 
she would not surrender that distinction for the wealth of the 
State. There are some things in this life, thank God, the 
value of which cannot be estimated in dollars and cents or in 
glittering jewels! 

As I stand here before you, my countrymen, on this, one 
of the proudest days of my life, it is not hard for me to 
imagine I hear the voices of a hundred years ago, on this 
sacred spot, opposing human servitude and advocating the 
equality of man. It is not hard for me to imagine that I 
hear them resolving to erect a State eternally dedicated to 
liberty, wherein men may do justly and love mercy, and walk 
humbly before their God. No, not for the wealth of the nation 
would Harrison county and her citizenship surrender the 
ideals here suggested in the birth of our State. 

Here was born the 19th child of the American Republic. 
It was then a frontier State, a child of the forest whose life 
was constantly menaced by the tomahawk and the firebrand. 
But today, geographically, materially and intellectually, she 
is the very heart of the nation. I indulge not in fulsome 
praise when I say her writers, her educators, her scientists 
and her statesmen walk the imperial highways of the thought 
and culture of the world. 

INDIANA'S DEVOTION '^O AMERICAN INSTITUTIONS 

Never before in her history was Indiana prouder of the 
place she holds in the galaxy of American States than is she 
in this, her Centennial Year, 1916. Never before in her his- 
tory was she stronger in her devotion to the institutions of 
our common country, and in her love of the flag of the nation 
— a flag that symbolizes the finest aspirations and the high- 
est hopes of the American people. In this good year of her 
Centennial anniversary she hails that banner as representa- 
tive of faith, brotherhood, liberty and justice — true children 
of the American republic, purchased by the blood of patriots 
and for all time civilization's imperishable jewels. She loves 
the flag because it is an inspiration to the American citizen 
and a light to the world. She loves it because it is higher 
today than ever before in the face of the world, seeking to 
lead the nations of the earth to peace — a peace that shall en- 
dure with time. The citizen understanding its significance 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 147 

grows stronger in his patriotism as he contemplates the won- 
derful things back of it. Back of it stands the sacred honor 
of a nation. Back of it are the families, the homes, and the 
institutions of a free people. It represents their best heart- 
throbs and holiest aspirations. Every one who salutes this 
emblem of national integrity, of national unity, and of per- 
sonal liberty should be profoundly impressed with the obliga- 
tions his salutation imposes upon him in the discharge of his 
citizenly duties. Here, then, on this memorable occasion, 
in discharge of a solemn duty, we pledge anew the faith of 
our State to American institutions and again and again swear 
eternal allegiance to the American Flag. 

WHAT CONSTITUTES A STATE 
By Father John Cavanaugh 

When I was honored with an invitation to preside over 
the Centennial Celebration in "Old Corydon" I was informed 
that the program would consist of an address by Congress- 
man Moores on "1816" and an address by Governor Ralston 
on "1916" and that I might have all the rest of the time. 
Now, I enjoy the distinction of having made the longest 
speech on record in the history of mankind. Last January, 
attending a banquet in New York, I delivered an address over 
the long distance wire to an audience in San Francisco. That 
speech was about 4,000 miles long. I have never ventured 
to make an address that would run through the entire cen- 
tury, and therefore, while one of my friends is to speak on 
"1816" and the other on "1916," I must respectfully decline to 
use all the intervening time. 

Standing with uncovered head in this Bethlehem of In- 
diana's statehood I lift my voice in thanksgiving to Almighty 
God for the blessings He has showered on the State of In- 
diana during the century of its life. It is a commonwealth 
within the great Republic of America. Take the map of the 
United States; sweep your eye over that enormous empire 
stretching from Portland, Maine, to Portland, Oregon, and 
from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico. It is larger 
than the world-wide empire of Caesar; it is wealthy beyond 
even the dreams of avarice. Upon that imperial domain 
great mountain ranges cleave the clouds; within their heav- 



148 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

ing turgid bosoms lies concealed more wealth than exists in 
all the world beside. The body of the empire is veined and 
arteried with great natural water-courses through which 
surges and beats the national life. Great cities sit secure 
upon her hilltops or nestle in her large and comfortable val- 
leys ; upon her broad prairies and among her rolling hills live 
multitudes of happy, prosperous people. Her citizenship is 
the most honored in the world; her power is felt wherever 
men exist. In manufacturing and commerce she is peerless 
and apart ; in the gentler graces of life she has, though young, 
had honorable part. Her passion for education is a sublime 
example. Nowhere else are truth and honor held in greater 
veneration ; nowhere else in all the world do the fires of patri- 
otism burn so brightly on the altars of liberty. Her history 
is bespangled with exploits of valor in war and deeds of de- 
votion in peace. She has made practical the dream of uni- 
versal manhood suffrage; she has written in letters of light 
the story of her industrial genius. Like the eagle poised in 
incommunicable sunshine, she has a place apart through her 
commercial prosperity. She is the haven for the oppressed 
of every land ; she is the hope of uncounted millions lying still 
unborn in the womb of time. She is the supreme republic of 
the world and her people cherish her with a patriotism that 
is almost idolatry. The student of history might well write 
it upon his tablets that the people of America are indeed heirs 
of all the ages in the foremost files of time. 

Of all the forty-eight commonwealths in that noble sister- 
hood of States, none has shared more abundantly in the bless- 
ings of American prosperity and freedom than the State of 
Indiana. Her natural resources are as varied as they are in- 
exhaustible ; her citizenship is unsurpassed in patriotism ; her 
schools, once a by-word on the lips of scornful men, now rank 
among the most efficient in the land. Her roll of honor is 
long and brilliant, and comprises not alone statesmen and 
educators and warriors, but poets, romancers and historians 
as well. Her plains and fields have a richness as of the Nile. 
Her intelligent and beneficent laws are the outward witness 
to the high and refined civilization that flourishes within her 
borders. Her heroism in time of war has been brilliant as 
her patriotism in peace has ahvays been alert and unwaver- 
ing. Her great factories have hummed a song of industry 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 149 

that is heard around the world, and from her happy homes 
three milHons of people with reverent hearts send up a shout 
of thanksgiving today for the blessings of a hundred years 
and pray for a continuance of them through all the future 
time. For without doubt the favor of heaven is necessary 
for the well-being of the State we love. What constitutes 
a commonwealth? 

Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey, 
Where wealth accumulates and men decay. 

Material prosperity is unquestionably a boon to be de- 
sired, but its appeal is universal and constant and there is 
little danger that it will be neglected or destroyed. The use- 
ful may always be left to take care of itself. It is the beauti- 
ful, the good, the true, that must be tenderly nurtured and 
cherished. You may destroy the wealth of a nation, but if 
the heart of the people is sound and their principles high 
and true, the destiny of that nation is secure. The storms of 
the outer world may sweep over it in unholy violence, all the 
powers of Hell may be unchained against it, it may be men- 
aced by enemies from without and dangers within, but so 
long as the people maintain in their hearts and manifest in 
their lives the knowledge and love of Almighty God, so long 
will that people, immortal with divine immortality, strong 
with divine strength, heroic with the heroism that exalts and 
inspires, be a tower of strength for the defense of liberty. 
Wealth has its use in the world, and it is the duty of the civil 
powers to create and preserve conditions suitable for mate- 
rial prosperity. Great indeed is wealth, but the highways 
of history are strewn with the wrecks of nations in which 
wealth accumulated and men decayed. Great is power and 
influence in the councils of the world, but there are nations 
smarting under the lash of tyranny and fretting in the chains 
of bondage today that are fossil remains of great people, once 
the masters of the world. Culture is exquisite, culture is 
noble, culture is humanizing, but there are nations that sat 
in majesty as the schoolmasters of the world and are now 
steeped in ignorance, their brilliant lights extinguished, their 
ancient glory departed, their men of genius lost like wander- 
ing stars, or like the waves of the sea foaming out their own 
confusion. Rome had her wealth, and in the corruption de- 
picted on the walls of Pompeii you read the story of her 



150 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

ruin. Macedonia had power, but the sons of Macedonia today 
stand in admiration of the splendor of nations that were 
savage tribes in the forests of Europe when Philip reigned in 
Macedon and Alexander had made conquest of the world. 
Athens had culture, but the glory that was Athens has de- 
parted, or remains only to torment the schoolboy. These na- 
tions failed because corruption like a worm fed on their 
damask cheek. They failed because the heart of the people 
was made effeminate by indolence and indulgence and the 
morals of the people undermined by vice. And while this day 
we lift our voices in reverent thanksgiving for the past, we 
pray the God of nations to protect us against the dangers that 
lie in our path. 

I appeal for the spiritual in the life of our commonwealth. 
I know there are those who believe that the refinements of 
comfort that go with wealth bring refinements of spirit as 
well, but the story of the most luxurious nations of the past 
utters eloquent denial. I know that there are those who be- 
lieve that mental culture has powers to save society, but they 
are those who are blind to the lessons of the past. A few 
years ago there stood before the world a man whose genius, 
had it been properly directed, might have shed light and 
strength upon the race of men; he was truly a lord of lan- 
guage; he played upon the resources of our English tongue 
as a great master charms forth undreamed of melodies from 
the heart of a grand organ. Within the memory of any man 
now living the thing called culture has never gone further 
than in Oscar Wilde, exquisite poet, eloquent orator, master 
of marvelous prose, arbiter of fashion, standard of literary 
taste, dictator of literary destinies — culture has never gone 
further within the memory of living man. He was the 
apostle of aestheticism, and while his eccentricities excited 
some derision, his genius, his exquisite refinement of speech 
and manner were such as to bear down the ridicule and win 
for him the admiration of men. He believed in salvation 
through the gospel of culture ; he chanted in glorious language 
the dirges of dead religions; he summoned humanity to lift 
its face to the sun that was to usher in the great day of 
emancipation from ancient and outworn creeds. The day of 
emancipation never came, but in its stead came a day when 
that man of genius stood in prison stripes behind prison bars. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 151 

flung there by an outraged world for unspeakable crimes 
against morality. The people who would save humanity 
through the gospel of culture; who would incite men to be 
sober and chaste, and who would lift them out of the gutter 
by giving them social ambitions and teaching them the habits 
of educated people, ought to bear in mind that neither amuse- 
ments nor social ambitions ever kept a man or woman from 
the grogshops or the brothel when they wanted to go there. 
You cannot fight liquor or lust in the soul with magic lan- 
terns, or even by clean clothes and nice table manners. Only 
one thing in all the world can do it, and that is religion, the 
cultivated conscience, a profound conviction that acts have 
consequences both in this world and in the next. 

What, then, will make a people great, or, being so, will keep 
it great? I answer, the development of its spiritual powers, 
and that alone. The strongest power in the world is religion. 
The greatest energizing force in the world is religion. The 
mainspring of all lofty action in every age of the world has 
been religion, which first fastened on the scattered families 
of men and wrought them into primitive social unity. 

The great educator has been religion, which took hold of 
savage tribes, strong in the strength of the earth, and bent 
their stubborn necks to the yoke of obedience and restraint. 
The primary function of the church, of course, is to make men 
holy rather than cultured, but because in the accomplishment 
of her high mission she has felt constrained to invoke all 
the aids and instrumentalities by which men may be in- 
fluenced by their betterment, the church is found in history 
to have been a school of music and poetry and eloquence and 
painting and architecture. A famous art critic has made a 
list of the twelve greatest pictures, and every picture of these 
supreme twelve portrays a religious subject. The most beau- 
tiful structures ever reared by the genius of man are the 
cathedrals of Europe. The most exquisite music has been 
woven around religious words. And so the great educator 
from the beginning has been religion. 

The great colonizer has been religion, which has done over 
the whole earth what it did in our own America — gathered 
up little groups of men, torn them away from their homes, 
planted them in fresh soil under alien skies where they might 
find the liberty denied them at home to worship God accord- 



152 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

ing to conscience, "to build their own altars, to light their 
own sacrificial fires, to utter in fuller freedom those peti- 
tions for help and strength and consolation that in a hun- 
dred tongues and in temples of a thousand shapes men every 
day send up to God." It is religion and the spiritual power 
generated by religion, that alone can perpetuate a state. Re- 
ligion must come to teach, first of all, the lesson of reverence 
— reverence for life, reverence for property rights, reverence 
for the home, reverence for all things sacred — and she must 
say to America : "As you have your symbol so have I mine. 
Your flag was but a bit of painted cloth until it was made to 
stand for great realities; for equality under the law, for the 
fullest measure of personal liberty, for a thousand deeds of 
heroism on a hundred battlefields. My symbol is the Cross. 
In pagan days it was a token of infamy, but one day on a 
little hill in old Judea there loomed against the sky a cross 
on which hung, naked and bleeding, the truest, noblest man 
that ever lived — nailed there because He loved his brothers 
and would do them good: and since that day the cross has 
been treasured as the holiest of symbols by all civilized men." 
Religion must come to the State and say: "I admire your 
zeal for schools and colleges and universities. I recognize 
and honor your passion for learning; but I warn you that 
nimble minds and athletic bodies never yet made a noble and 
enduring and God-fearing nation." I remind you that the 
heart of culture is culture of the heart, the soul of improve- 
ment is improvement of the soul, that great epochs, creative 
epochs, the outstanding epochs that have glorified humanity 
have all been epochs of strong religious faith, that faith which 
watches over the cradles of nations while unbelief doubts and 
argues above their graves. 

Gentlemen, it is on this force you must rely for the solu- 
tion of a problem which threatens the interests of property 
and the very existence of the Republic. Religion must con- 
front Anarchy face to face and she must say to Anarchy: 
"The most sacred thing in all the world is authority. Author- 
ity is the golden ladder whose lowest round rests upon earth 
and whose top is bound to the great white throne of God." 
St. Paul speaks of the freedom wherewith Christ has made 
us free. Accept the law of God and you become a child of 
freedom; despise that law and you have become the slave 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 153 

of passion. Accept the laws of health and you live a happy, 
wholesome life; despise them and nature will scourge you 
with the whips of scorpions and plague and disease. Accept 
the laws of the commonwealth and you move among your 
fellows majestic and as an independent being; transgress those 
laws and you must shun the face of day and skulk in the 
darkness like a hunted, hated thing. Wherever you turn, 
whether to religion or philosophy or history, whether to na- 
ture without or conscience within, whether to the health of 
soul or body, this lesson is written in letters of fire all over 
the universe : Obey law or die. 

Religion must confront socialism face to face and she must 
say: I am the church of the poor as well as the rich. The 
millionaire and mendicant kneel in equal humbleness here. 
The prince and the pauper alike approach my altar table 
with folded hands and downcast eyes. The rich and the poor 
you shall always have with you. You will always have Dives 
feasting in his banquet hall and Lazarus languishing at his 
gate. So long as men are born with unequal powers and 
labor with unequal energy and live lives with unequal wisdom 
you will always have the rich and poor. You cannot change 
these things. I have nothing but condemnation for the ef- 
forts of those long-haired men and short-haired women who 
would charm away as with a magic wand the weaknesses, the 
sins and the poverty of the world ; and who dangle before the 
dazzled eyes of humanity the irridescent vision of a Utopia 
where the richest are poor and the poorest live in abundance. 
Robbery is poor business for an honest people. It is just as 
wrong to kick a man because he is up as to kick a man be- 
cause he is down. 

Religion must say to the emigrant freshly landed on our 
shores : You are welcome to this land, where more than any- 
where else on earth the dignity of human nature is recognized 
and honored. You are welcome to this land where more than 
anywhere else on earth liberty is poured out in abundance on 
the lives of men. But remember, you are to leave at the 
threshold of America the inherited hatreds and the centuried 
wrongs that have come to you from tyrranies of kings and 
princes, and you must not wreak on America the vengeance 
born of ancient grudges and hatreds and quarrels in the coun- 
try you left behind you. 



154 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

And to America, religion must say: Broad as is thy im- 
perial bosom, sweeping from the Atlantic to the Pacific and 
from the Great Lakes to the Gulf, stately as are the great 
rivers sweeping from the mountains to the sea, there is not 
room in America for two flags, and neither the red flag of 
anarchy nor the yellow flag of treason must ever be permitted 
to pollute the breezes that kiss and caress the folds of Old 
Glory. 

Standing, still with uncovered heads, our faces upturned to 
the God of our fathers, we lift up our voices once more in 
thanksgiving for the blessings of the past and in humble ap- 
peal for divine favor in the years to come. And as in retro- 
spect we look back in solemn pride upon the pioneers and the 
ancient heroic days and the glorious memories of the years 
that are sped ; and as in anticipation looking forward through 
the mists of yearning we think upon the days to come, let 
us nerve our hearts with the resolution to live worthy of the 
traditions v\^e inherit — traditions of honor, traditions of pa- 
triotism, traditions of high achievement, so that a hundred 
years from today another generation of Americans standing 
where we stand today may give thanks for us as we give 
thanks for the men of old, the men of gold, who in privation, 
in labor, with honor and integrity in the fear and love of 
God and for the glory of His name laid deep and broad in the 
wilderness the foundations of this great State. 



INDIANA IN 1816 

By Merrill Moores, Member of Congress from the Seventh 
District of Indiana 

Today we are here in response to the call of the greatest 
of our poets, uttered years ago, but urgent today : 

Le's go a-visitin' back to Grigsby's Station — 

Back where the latch-string 's a-hangin' from the door, 

And ever' neighbor round the place is dear as a relation — 
Back where we ust to be so happy and so pore. 

Le's go a-visitin' back to Grigsby's Station — 

Back where there's nothin' aggervatin' any more, 

Shet away safe in the woods around the old location — 
Back where we ust to be so happy and so pore. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 155 

What's in all this grand life and high situation, 

And nary pink nor holly-hock a-bloomin' at the door? 

Le's go a-visitin' back to Grigsby's Station — 
Back where we ust to be so happy and so pore. 

Today the people of Indiana go a-visitin' back to Grigsby's 
Station and the sovereign State sings with another, but not 
a greater, poet: 

Dost thou look back on what hath been. 

As some divinely gifted man, 

Whose life in low estate began 
And on a simple village green: 

Who breaks his birth's invidious bar. 

And grasps the skirts of happy chance. 
And breasts the blows of circumstance. 

And grapples with his evil star: 

Who makes by force his merit known, 

And lives to clutch the golden keys, 

To mould a m.ighty state's decrees. 
And shape the whisper of the throne: 

And moving up from high to higher, 

Becomes on Fortune's crowning slope 
The pillar of a people's hope. 

The center of a world's desire. 

In becoming modesty, forgetful of what our State ac- 
complished in a brief century of life, laying aside all thought 
of what Indiana is today in the great sisterhood of States, 
let us reverently approach the cradle of her babyhood, that 
we may do fitting honor to the pioneers, to whose labors and 
sufferings our three million citizens are indebted for what 
Indiana is today. 

Civilized Indiana was not conquered from the wilderness 
without bloodshed, in addition to toil and privation. The first 
European settlement within its borders was effected by men 
of Norman blood at Vincennes early in the eighteenth century 
and about two centuries ago. Eighty years before the con- 
stitutional convention met at Corydon, on Palm Sunday, 1736, 
as we are told, the commandant at Vincennes (a nephew of 
Louis Joliet, who, with Father Marquette, explored the 
Mississippi in 1673) was, in company with his general, 
D'Artaguette, and his faithful chaplain, Father Senat, mis- 
sionary priest at Vincennes, burned at the stake by hostile 
Chickasaws, who had raided the post. 



156 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The story of Pontiac's conspiracy and war tells of fierce 
fighting in and across the Indiana Territory as long ago as 
1763. A party of Indians, under an English captain named 
Henry Bird, guided by the renegade, Simon Girty, in 1780, 
crossed Indiana, and raided the Kentucky settlements along 
the Licking, killing and scalping every white hunter and trap- 
per encountered. One need only recall the massacres from 
Lochry's Creek in 1780 and Vincennes in 1785 to those at 
Pigeon Roost and around Vallonia in 1812 ; Clark's expedition 
in 1786 and Wilkinson's later, the successive defeats of Josiah 
Harmar and Arthur St. Clair, followed by Wayne's victory 
in 1794, and the final conquest of the hostile Indians in the 
battles of Tippecanoe and Fort Wayne, to realize the risk of 
fortune and liberty and life taken by the pioneers of Indiana. 

In 1800 the census gave Indiana 5,506 people. In 1810 
the population had grown to 24,000, divided between four 
counties, Harrison, 3,595; Knox, 7,945; Clark, 5,670, and 
Dearborn, 7,310. 

In December, 1815, by a territorial census, the territory 
had grown so rapidly, since the cessation of hostilities with 
the Indians, that the population was only a hundred short 
of 68,000; and of the thirteen counties, Harrison was fifth 
with 6,975. 

That the new State was growing with tremendous rapidity 
is shown by the fact that in the next four years the popula- 
tion more than doubled; it increased 116 per cent and became 
146,988. 

The life of the Indiana pioneer cannot be better told than 
it has been in the verse of the greatest of our poets, from 
whom I quote again: 

And musing thus today, the pioneer 

Whose brawny arm hath grubbed a pathway here. 

Stands raptly with his vision backward turned 

To where the log-heap of the past was burned. 

And sees again as in some shadowy dream, 

Or sniffing, with his antlers lifted high, 

The wild deer bending o'er the hidden stream, 

The gawky crane, as he comes trailing by 

And drops in shallow tides below to wade 

On tilting legs, thro' dusky depths of shade, 

While, just across, the glossy otter slips 

Like some wet shadow 'neath the ripples' tips 

As drifting from the thicket-hid bayou, 

The wild duck paddles past his rendezvous. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 157 

In picturing the log cabin home of early times, the poet 
said : - "^ 

And o'er the vision, like a mirage, falls 

The old log cabin with its dingy walls, 

And crippled chimney with the crutch-like prop 

Beneath a sagging shoulder at the top; 

The coon skin battened fast on either side; 

The v/isps of leaf tobacco — cut and dried; 

The yellow strands of quartered apples hung 

In rich festoons that tangle in among 

The morning-glory vines that clamber o'er 

The little clapboard roof above the door; 

The old well sweep that drops a courtesy 

To every thirsty soul so graciously; 

The stranger, as he drains the dripping gourd. 

Intuitively murmurs, "Thank the Lord." 

The interior of the cabin was pictured with : 

Bough-filled fireplace and the mantel wide. 

Its fire-scorched ankles stretched on either side, 

Where, perched upon its shoulders, 'neath the joist 

The old clock hiccoughed, harsh and husky-voiced; 

Tomatoes, red and yellow, in a row 

Reserved not then for diet, but for show. 

Like rare and precious jewels in the rough. 

Whose worth was not appraised at half enough. 

The jars of jelly, with their dusty tops; 

The bunch of pennyroyal, the cordial drops; 

The flask of camphor and the vial of squills; 

The box of buttons, garden seeds and pills. 

And ending all the mantel's bric-a-brac, 

The old, time-honored family almanac. 

We are fortunate today to have before our eyes the mas- 
sive building in which met the men v»^ho laid the strong foun- 
dations of our statehood, the Capitol Hotel, where many of 
them boarded during the brief session of the convention, the 
elm tree to whose grateful shade they adjourned their session 
on the hottest days, the houses where lived Governor Posey 
and other territorial officers, and others where some of the 
members are still remembered to have boarded. Many of the 
great men of 1816 are passing from our memory, but the 
solid masonry erected by the sturdiest of them all, Dennis 
Pennington, still stands, let us hope, as a perpetual monument 
to them and their work. 

When the convention met, the governor's mansion was 
occupied by a gallant soldier of the American revolution, 



158 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Colonel Thomas Posey, with whose handsome features we 
are all familiar from the well-known portrait which adorns 
the State library at Indianapolis. Governor Posey was a 
Virginian who had fought in the battle of Point Pleasant, in 
Lord Dunmore's war in 1774. As a captain of Virginia con- 
tinentals, he had assisted in the defeat of his old commander, 
the same Lord Dunmore, at Gwynn's Island in 1776. His 
company was transferred to Morgan's renowned rifle corps, 
and he served with distinction and great gallantry at Pis- 
cataquay, Bemis Heights, Stillwater, Stony Point and at York- 
town. He had served in Indian campaigns under Anthony 
Wayne, in Georgia, had been lieutenant-governor of Kentucky, 
United States senator from Louisiana, and was governor of 
Indiana Territory from 1812 to 1816, succeeding in that office 
three other eminent soldiers, Arthur St. Clair (of the North- 
west Territory), William Henry Harrison and John Gibson. 

The secretary of the territory was, and for sixteen years 
had been, John Gibson, a man of rare force, character and 
judgment. A college-bred man, he was taken prisoner in an 
expedition against the Indians before Lord Dunmore's war 
and was saved from the stake in the same manner that Poca- 
hontas saved the gallant Virginia captain. He later married 
a sister of Logan, the celebrated Indian chief and orator ; and 
it was our John Gibson who heard and reported the famous 
speech of Logan, which every school boy will remember, made 
after his entire family had been massacred by drunken whites : 
"There runs not a drop of my blood in the veins of any living 
creature. Logan never felt fear. He will not turn on his 
heel to save his life. Who is there to mourn for Logan ? Not 
one." Gibson had been with Lord Dunmore and Colonel 
Posey at Point Pleasant in 1774 and, like Posey, had com- 
manded a regiment during the revolution. 

Thomas Randolph had been attorney-general, but was 
killed in action in the battle of Tippecanoe and the office had 
not been filled. He was a Virginian, a descendant of Poca- 
hontas, a gentlemen of education, cultivation and refinement. 
His wife was a daughter of General Arthur St. Clair. 

Davis Floyd was auditor of public accounts, a Virginian 
who had served in the Revolution, and had been imprisoned 
for a brief period for association with Aaron Burr, for whom 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 159 

he had procured in 1805 a territorial charter for a water 
power company at the falls of the Ohio. Henry Vanderburgh, 
one of the justices of the Supreme Court, had served as a 
soldier in the Revolution, as had the fathers of John De Pauw, 
Robert A. New, William and Charles Polke, Joseph Holman, 
John Dumont, Benjamin Chambers, the Beggs brothers, 
Samuel Merrill, and many others active in the organization 
of the new State. 

The convention met here in Corydon, June 10, 1816, con- 
sisting of forty-three members chosen from the thirteen or- 
ganized counties. The members were magnificently repre- 
sentative of the Indiana pioneers. Nearly all of them seem 
to us astonishingly young; but it requires youth to supply the 
strength, vigor and ambition needed to conquer a wilderness. 
Among them were many destined to future greatness, Jona- 
than Jennings, William Hendricks, Benjamin Parke, William 
Polke, James Noble, Robert Hanna and D. H. Maxwell. And 
no less eminent was to be the modest squire, John Tipton, who 
was to be chosen the first sheriff of Harrison county under 
the new constitution and to be a great leader in the Senate 
of the United States from middle life clear down to its end. 

Members of the convention, like the pioneers they repre- 
sented, came from all the original colonies north and south, 
as well as from England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, and 
from French, Flemish, German and Indian ancestors. Many 
were College-bred, but most of them could write only their 
names. They had inherited widely diverse traditions and 
beliefs as to political and religious matters, but they stood 
unitedly for education, religious freedom, and, almost as one 
man, against slavery. 

It was a Frenchman from Vincennes, and, I think, a 
Catholic, who, as chairman of the committee on a bill of 
rights, reported this provision, which was unanimously in- 
corporated : 

All men have a natui'al and indefeasible right to worship Almighty 
God according to the dictates of their own consciences. No man shall be 
compelled to attend, erect or support any place of worship, or to maintain 
any ministry against his consent. No human authority ought in any case 
whatever to control or interfere with the rights of conscience. No 
preference shall ever be given by law to any religious societies or modes 
of worship, and no religious test shall be required as a qualification to 
any office of trust or profit. 



160 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The same Frenchman, as a member of the committee on 
education, consisting, beside himself, of a future judge of 
the Supreme Court, of college training, and three members, 
whose letters still in existence prove that they could neither 
spell conventionally nor express themselves grammatically, 
reported the following provision, also unanimously adopted: 

Knowledge and learning generally diffused through a community, 
being essential to the preservation of a free government, and spreading 
the opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts 
of the country being highly conducive to this end, it shall be the duty of 
the General Assembly to provide by law, for the improvement of such 
lands as are or hereafter may be granted by the United States to this 
State, for the use of schools, and to apply any funds which may be raised 
from such lands, or from any other quarter, to the accomplisliment of 
the grand object for which they are or may be intended. But no lands 
granted for the use of schools, shall be sold by the authority of this 
State, prior to the year 1820, and the monies which may be raised out of 
the sale of any such lands, or otherwise obtained, for the purpose afore- 
said, shall be and remain a fund, for the exclusive purpose of promoting 
the interest of literature and the sciences, and for the support of sem- 
inaries and public schools. The General Assembly shall, from time to 
time, pass such laws as shall be calculated to encourage intellectual, 
scientifical and agricultural improvement, by allowing rewards and im- 
munities for the promotion and improvement of arts, sciences, com- 
merce, manufactures, and natural history, and to countenance and en- 
courage the principles of humanity, honesty, industry and morality. 

Nothwithstanding the fact that human slavery had been 
permitted in the territory and that slaves were recognized 
as property by territorial law, and the further fact that most 
of the members of the convention had emigrated from slave 
states, the convention, without even the formality of a vote, 
put this provision in the constitution: 

There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in this 
State, otherwise than for the punishment of crimes, whereof the party 
shall have been duly convicted. Nor shall any indenture of any negro 
or mulatto hereafter made and executed out of the bounds of this State 
be of any validity within the State. 

The convention was in session three weeks and did not 
sit on Sunday. In that time its members builded for us a con- 
stitution in my opinion in many respects better than the one 
we have today. 

Its members met here in Corydon in this noble building, 
and on hot days under the spreading elm we know and love 
so well. Let us in grateful reverence thank God for their 
labors. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 161 

It takes but little imagination to fancy we can see presid- 
ing in that hall today the courteous and suave Jonathan Jen- 
nings, beside the no less accomplished secretary, William 
Hendricks, and about them gathered the learned and ambi- 
tious Isaac Blackford so recently from Princeton; sturdy, 
honest, and strenuous Dennis Pennington, backed by the 
nephew of Daniel Boone, the Irish Patrick Shields, progenitor 
of famous men, the shrewd and crafty Davis Floyd and the 
capable Lane. I see Frederick Rapp from New Harmony 
dreaming of a social millennium. And I see the Polke broth- 
ers, representing different counties, politicians and fighters, 
cousins of one then living who was to become President; a 
cousin who was to succeed, in that high office, the great sol- 
dier who had for twelve years been governor of the territory 
and was himself to be grandfather of another President yet 
unborn, whom we know and whose memory we delight to 
honor. 

I like to think that in that month of June a hundred years 
ago Thomas Lincoln came across the river from Hodgenville 
with his seven-year-old boy looking for better land in Indiana 
and, stopping with his brother Joseph on Big Blue river in 
Harrison County, brought the slim, big-eyed boy to get, in 
Corydon, his first glimpse of statesmanship and to go home 
to tell the loved Nancy and little Sarah of the promised land 
beyond the beautiful river, where, in the county named for 
the gallant captain of the Yellow Jackets, they had chosen 
their future home. 

I can see, too, the man who succeeded at Spencer's death 
to the command of Corydon's Yellow Jackets, a hero of Tip- 
pecanoe, turned modest magistrate the same year, but who 
led the Yellow Jackets again at the battle of Tipton's Island 
in 1813. I see him crossing the street to the court house to 
talk with Floyd, Pennington and Boone about his candidacy 
for sheriff, and, as I look, the picture fades, and I see the 
founder of Logansport and the locator of Indianapolis stand- 
ing in the Senate of the United States, as he did on February 
5, 1836, and I can almost hear what he is saying: 

I do not wish to be considered an alarmist: my fears have not 
been operated upon by the rumors of war so frequently heard. I do not 
expect to raise recruits in time to terminate the war now raging between 
us and the Seminole Indians, nor am I influenced in the course I have 
taken by anything that has been said here or elsewhere on the subject 
of any other war, but purely by a desire to put our peace establishment 

\C— 15997 



162 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

upon a respectable footing, and to prevent the recurrence of these con- 
flicts with the Indians on our borders. 

I am unable to see any just cause for war, unless it arise from un- 
fortunate collisions, which will occasionally occur. I am convinced that 
the sure ivay to 'prevent tvar is to be ivell prepared for it. I am aware 
that the people of this country look with a jealous eye upon every step 
taken to augment our military force. The people, when rightly informed, 
will do what is right. The army is their army; the money to support 
it is theirs; the government is theirs; and I feel assured that they desire 
to see the army sufficiently numerous to answer all the purposes for 
which it was created. 

The next paragraph of his speech reads Kke a report made 
yesterday by the Secretary of War to our Senate. 

It is shown by these statements that, in the Eastern Department, 
on the lakes and along the seaboard, there are 33 military posts, 14 of 
which are now without troops to garrison them, and of course liable very 
soon to go to destruction. 

In the Western Department there are 22 posts, 9 of them unoc- 
cupied by troops. The number of the rank and file of our army is so 
small that it is impossible for the troops to occupy all the forts. The 
companies, now consisting of about 50 men shall be increased, so as to 
enable them to render all the service required to be performed by an 
army. 

The unsettled state of affairs in Mexico, and the actual war in 
Texas will cause a restiveness among the Indian tribes in the southwest 
border of the United States, which should not be unprovided for. 

The presence of a respectable force at Forts Armstrong and Snell- 
ing, in 1831-2, would have prevented the war with the Soukees (Sacs), 
which cost us $2,500,000; and a similar array of troops, if stationed at 
Fort King and Tampa, would certainly have prevented the war now 
going on in Florida — a war which will certainly end in the annihilation 
of the poor deluded Seminoles. 

His words of warning fell on deaf ears. Would that today 
his ringing voice directing the way to lasting peace might be 
again heard in the Senate speaking for Indiana. 

Richly indeed has this our old capital endowed the State 
with great men from among her sons. Much do we owe to 
you, Corydon, our ancient civic center. Today, we bring you 
just tribute, bride of Indiana's youth. I scorn to credit the 
tale so often told that an early Governor named you from a 
silly, sentimental, dolorous song. Rather would I believe that 
in the golden days, when Spencer was captain of the Yellow 
Jackets, as well as genial landlord of the tavern near where 
the court house was to be built in the, as yet, nameless village, 
viewing with delight the fair prospect of hills green with pas- 







O 

O 



(163) 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 165 

ture and valleys rich with the promise of future production, 
in memory of the Faierie Queene of the great poet, whose 
name he bore, our captain named the rustic village for the 
simple shepherd, Corydon, who, unrequited, wooed the fair 
shepherdess Pastorella; and, in his christening, consecrated 
the village forever to innocence, simplicity and beauty. 

Fair Corydon, may another century's passing find you as 
simple, innocent, lovable and homelike as we have found you 
this day. 

The pageant of Corydon, written and directed by State 
Pageant Master W. C. Langdon, commemorated the days of 
Corydon's political prestige, when from 1813 to 1825, it was 
first the Territorial and then the State Capital of Indiana. 

PROLOGUE: THE WELCOME OF OLD CORYDON. 

The bell of the Old Capitol is rung a half hour before the pageant 
performance is to begin, and again fifteen minutes before the hour. The 
bell is rung once more for the beginning of the Pageant. The orchestra 
plays the Hymn to Indiana. 

While the orchestra is still playing, people of Old Corydon come 
in from various directions, singly and in groups, attracted by the sound 
of the bell and the music of the orchestra. Seeing the audience, with 
interest and some surprise they comment upon it to each other. They 
evidence their appreciation of the importance of the occasion and of the 
assembled audience, and several of them consulting together agree to 
call their Governor, General William Henry Harrison. Four or five 
of them go to the door of the Capitol. The door opens and Governor 
Harrison appears. He talks with his neighbors, standing in the door- 
way a few moments, and then cordially comes forward at their sug- 
gestion toward the people of 1916 on the grandstand and addresses them, 
while the others of the people of Old Corydon stand variously grouped 
a little behind him. The music plays very softly as he speaks. 

Harrison : 

Our welcome to you all, good friends! I bring 

The welcome of Old Corydon itself. 

You cry "Hello, the house!" We open the door 

And answer, "Welcome! The latch-string hangs outside." 

Are ye surprised to see us here again? 

But where else should ye find us if not here — 

At home? It is not gone — the so-called past. 

'Tis only that abstraction with the present 

Obscures to your eyes things of other days. 

Still must ye heed the things of former days 

As ye do heed the things of days to come — 

Or blind and vain the labors of today! 



166 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

These walls seem old to you; these elm trees old; 
These timbers weather-stained. A hundred years 
Have beaten on this roof, you say, and on 
The mounded shelters where you think we lie. 
But look with our eyes, and you then will see 
A stately pile, fresh-hewn from Nature's rocks, 
Built sti-ong to last forever, built for you 
With our small means and ample labor, built 
For you and for your children; Do but see! 

The Commonwealth we dreamed has far surpassed 

The measure of our boldest, proudest hopes; 

But ax and gun in hand, it was for you 

We dreamed, and this old building stands to tell 

The quality, the courage of our dream 

And of our toil. Rock, solid rock, high built 

Four square amid the roadless wilderness! 

You, our children — no, they all are gone, with us 

Across the stream — our children's children and 

Their children, do ye understand our hopes 

And heed our dream? In token cherish this 

Old symbol of our pride and fortitude, 

When v/e assumed the task of managing 

The unformed territorial Commonwealth; 

Our glory, when with your forefathers here 

We made the State, our sacrifice, when we 

In turn gave up our dear preeminence 

In favor of an unbuilt city to the north. 

That this our State, your State, unhampered might 

Sweep forward faster toward her honored place 

Among the mighty States of this our Nation! 

Come, then, come and live with us a space 
As we relive again those precious days 
Of eighteen twelve and thirteen; then in turn 
Of eighteen sixteen, eighteen twenty-five. 

The outline of the episodes follows: 

Episode I The Completion of the Court House, (1812). 
Episode II Corydon, The Capital, (1813). 
Episode III The Constitutional Convention, (181G). 
Episode IV The New Capital, (1825). 

Around these episodes were skilfully and effectively woven 
the very warp and woof of the early life of the State, both 
social and political. Through it all ran impressively the story 
of the rise to preeminence of the little city, fairly -pulsating 
with the virile, frontier life of the new State, and then, the 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 167 

story of how, with fortitude, old Corydon yielded place to 
the new capital to the north. Long will the beauty of the 
Epilogue linger in the memory of all who heard. 

EPILOGUE: THE BLESSING OF THE YEARS. 

All the people depart, leaving the grounds around the old Capitol 
empty. The door of the Capitol opens again and the old Governor, 
General William Henry Harrison, comes out and approaches the audi- 
ence. 

Harrison : 

They all are gone — gone, gone adown the years; 
And Corydon itself has passed since then 
Into new paths of broad prosperity 
Through virile agriculture, business sense. 
And noble service in the rural life. 
But every hundred years forever shall 
The State, her grateful hand upon the head 
Of Corydon, repeat the blessing of 
Those old imperial days of enterprise 
Achievement, service, and of sacrifice! 

And you — you too, our reminiscent friends 
Of nineteen sixteen — so yovi too shall pass. 
As Time sweeps on along its course toward 
Eternity, and when the years again 
Have told a century, then you will come 
With us — you too — to sing your praise to Him 
Who giveth us, in joy and suffering 
To serve our State, our Nation, and Mankind! 

Hark! Hark! The generations gather — there 

Where only what is noble lives, preserved 

From any loss forever! Hark! They sing! 

They come! They come! And coming, raise to Heaven 

The Hymn to Indiana! 

The following excerpts from a letter addressed by the Di- 
rector of the Commission to County Chairman Thomas J. Wil- 
son, summarize the Corydon celebration: 

You may be interested in knowing the features of the celebration 
which appeal strongly to me as I look back upon it in perspective. In 
the first place, the atmosphere of the observance was truly historical 
and patriotic. It might be urged that historical atmosphere is inherent 
in Corydon and not of your own making. Yet you did everything to 
strengthen it by making your observance in perfect keeping therewith. 
As an instance of this, your successful efforts to secure priceless heir- 
looms for pageant equipm.ent, also the appearance of descendants of your 



168 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

historic characters to represent the latter in the vivid portrayal of your 
history. In short, your celebration was conducted upon a high plane, 
unmarred by cheap and vulgar distractions. 

In the second place, yours approached most nearly the ideal of a 
real community pageant of any yet given in the State. It was a real 
community effort on the part of your own town and country people, and 
its distinct success justifies the claims made for the pageant as a 
means of community expression and cooperation. The naturalness and 
abandon with which your people threw themselves into their parts was 
truly impressive and left little to be desired. 

Another thing that must have impressed all observing visitors was 
the effective preparations made in a material way for their accommoda- 
tion. An instance of this is seen in the magnificent grandstand provided 
for the occasion. It is but one example of how thoroughly you entered 
into the spirit of the thing, determined to leave no reasonable thing 
undone that would make for the complete success of your celebration. 
For this your efforts and those of Mr. Lew M. O'Brannon, supplemented 
by those of many, many others, are worthy of the highest commenda- 
tion. 

Finally, I should be remiss indeed, did I not give due recognition 
to the splendid spirit of true, generous hospitality, so freely manifested 
by the people of Corydon. Every visitor was looked upon as a guest 
whose personal comfort and enjoyment was entitled to primary con- 
sideration. Corydon was not more beautiful, nestled among her pic- 
turesque hills, and shaded by her magnificent elms, than in the hospitable 
hearts and homes of her people. 

In conclusion, the Corydon celebration was such a success, that 
may I offer a suggestion that I have heard made, to the effect that you 
people should make of it a permanent feature. With such splendid 
singers as your chorus displayed, with the hearty cooperation of your 
schools, and with your citizens entering so heartily into the pageant, 
why not repeat it, say every five years. You would thus insure a 
quinquennial pilgrimage to Old Corydon, providing for our citizens a 
re-birth of Hoosier patriotism. 

Harrison County took a prominent and creditable part on 
County Day of the State Celebration at Indianapolis. Mrs. 
Mona LaHue represented the county in the Cavalcade and 
some fifteen autos filled with Harrison County enthusiasts 
appeared in the line of march. 

The enterprising citizens of Corydon prepared an exact 
replica of the old State House, placed it on wheels and trans- 
ported it to Indianapolis, where it attracted much attention 
and aroused much enthusiasm in the parade. At the sugges- 
tion of the Governor, the Corydonites, without overmuch 
persuasion, consented to leave their treasure on exhibition in 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 169 

the state House, pending the next session of the legislature ! 
Corydon lost the capital long years ago, but the sons of the 
present have lost none of the political sagacity that was their 
fathers'. 

On the eve of Admission Day, the citizens of Corydon as- 
sembled for the last observance of the eventful year and lis- 
tened to an appropriate program of music and addresses. 
Thus did old Harrison play well its part to the end. Thus did 
old Harrison prove worthy of its illustrious past. 

HENDRICKS 

It took Hendricks County a whole year to catch up with 
the procession and then but for a day. That it did contribute 
greatly to that procession, however, no one will deny who saw 
the County Day parade at the State celebration at Indian- 
apolis on October 6th. Spurred on by the realization that it 
had thus far proven recreant to the Centennial trust, a few 
loyal hearts were determined that old Hendricks should score 
heavily on County Day. It did. The Hendricks "horn of 
plenty" float, with twelve young women representing the 
products of the twelve townships, was a beautiful thing and 
received much applause. Miss Dorothea Hiatt rode for the 
county in the Cavalcade. 

This was the Hendricks County Celebration! Attorney 
E. M. Blessing of Danville assumed the part of Centennial 
Chairman, and while manifesting considerable interest, pro- 
fessional duties, combined with an absence from the State at 
a strategic time, seemed to deter him from getting Centennial 
observance plans set in motion. The inertia of a typical, 
quiet, self-satisfied county seat town was doubtless a nega- 
tive factor in the situation. At all events, Hendricks did not 
celebrate. 

Thanks to the cooperation of County School Superintend- 
ent Theodore T. Martin, the Hendricks County Board of Edu- 
cation required that all eighth grade pupijs, as a condition for 
graduation, submit to the Superintendent a story based upon 
some phase of Indiana history. Mr. Martin issued to the 
teachers of the county a neat Centennial letter in which he 
set forth the requirements and offered suggestions for the 
work and for giving Centennial programs. 



170 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Credit must be given Coatesville for rising to the Cen- 
tennial occasion. On June 8th the citizens of that patriotic 
Httle town held a celebration of its own. In the afternoon 
addresses were given on State, County and Township history, 
interspersed with Centennial music. In the evening, State 
Geologist Barrett gave an illustrated lecture on the beauty 
spots of Indiana. 

Although having to do with Hendricks County only inci- 
dentally, or accidentally, within its borders occurred a unique 
observance of the State's anniversary. W. 0. Conway of In- 
dianapolis conceived the idea of appealing to the better nature 
of the boys of the State School at Plainfield, by encouraging 
them to express through pageantry their loyalty to Indiana. 
Receiving the encouragement of Superintendent Hanna, he 
wrote the pageant, and with tact, sympathy and perseverance 
led the boys into its spirit. It was presented at the school on 
May 15th during the time of the meeting in Indianapolis of 
the National Conference of Charities and Correction. The 
unconscious abandon with which the boys threw themselves 
into the presentation was a vindication of the faith held in 
them and was a joy to beholders. The pageant v/as divided 
into five parts as follows: 

I French Period: 

Scene 1. The Missionary. 
Scene 2. Military and Trading Post. 
II The Beginning of Indiana: 

Scene 1. Surrender of Fort Sackville. (George Rogers Clark.) 
Scene 2. Vincennes. (Harrison and Tecumseh.) 
Scene 3. Corydon — Constitutional Convention. (Jonathan Jen- 
nings.) 

III Early Life: (The Pioneers — The Pioneer Mother.) 
Scene 1. Coming of the Mail. 

Scene 2. Circuit Rider. 
Scene 3. Schoolmaster. 
Scene 4. Underground Railway. 

IV Civil War: 

Scene 1. Nev/s of Fort Sumter. 
Scene 2. Returning. 
V One Distinction OF Many: 
Benjamin Harrison, President. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 171 

HENRY 

On the eve of the Henry County Centennial celebration, 
the following appeared in the Newcastle papers : 

Be it said to the everlasting glory of Henry County, and to the 
credit of the County Chairman, that the Centennial celebration has been 
neither commercialized nor exploited. From first to last it has been 
characterized by patriotism and a high civic pride. 

Everybody has helped. Great and small, old and young, weak and 
strong — they have all done what they could. Leaders have worked tire- 
lessly, others have worked patiently to perform this patriotic duty to 
the State. 

In the meantime, the county chairman's waste-basket has been 
filled and emptied, at frequent intervals, with communications from vari- 
ous concerns offering to "put on" a celebration in Henry County, and 
even offering tidy sums thus to do. 

Long distance telephone calls have been answered, to find at the 
other end of the wire captive balloons and sideshow freaks, to be had 
for the asking for Centennial purposes. And when these propositions 
had been boldly and relentlessly ignored, the calls have been repeated, 
to be rejected with contempt. 

And now on tomorrow, the 29th of September, Henry County "puts 
on" her own offering to the State in this Centennial year. 

And we repeat — "Be it said to the everlasting glory of 
Henry County." There were many very desirable things that 
Henry did not do. Careful, thorough foundation work of an 
educational nature was not done as in many counties, and 
as a result the Centennial idea did not take hold of the county 
as it should have. The chairman, George M. Barnard, always 
debonnaire and sanguine, was slow to get under way, and 
Henry County's procrastination all but drove the State Di- 
rector and Assistant to despair. But Henry had an eleventh 
hour awakening — and not the feverish kind that grasped at 
anything which might masquerade under the name of Centen- 
nial. Henry County kept the Centennial faith — and that is 
glory enough for her. 

The celebration was held on September 29th, at Newcastle. 
In the afternoon a decorated automobile parade occurred, in 
which appeared 500 machines. The honors were taken by 
Quaker Spiceland, which contributed the historical flavor to 
the event. In commenting thereon, the Newcastle paper said : 

In this connection it is due Spiceland township to state now, what 
was intimated prior to the event, that the people down there worked 
at this thing as though life and reputation were at stake. The wagons 



172 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

and automobile floats from that township attracted almost as much 
attention as a three-ring circus, for there were two generations of peo- 
ple on the streets who had never seen some of the things Spiceland put 
in the parade. 

The Carolina wagon, with the tar bucket hanging on the coupling 
pole; the old "Rockaway" carriage; the log cabin with the well sweep, 
and the log church and log schoolhouse, were new wonders to thousands. 
Arthur Morrow's car, dressed in the form of a Quaker bonnet at- 
tracted marked attention. 

In the evening a pageant was presented in which 450 
people participated. The local spirits of this enterprise were 
Captain and Mrs. A. D. Ogborn, whose services in its prepara- 
tion were invaluable. It presented a pleasing combination of 
the symbolic and the realistic, including enough of the latter 
to reproduce very graphically the various phases of pioneer 
life. The symbolic representation of nature and its beauties, 
lent the witchery of color and rhythm most effectively as a 
background to historical reproduction. A distinctive musical 
feature of the evening was the rendering of the hymn "Indi- 
ana," composed by Henri Kampe, director of music in the 
Newcastle schools. It was orchestrated for the occasion by 
Mr. Kampe, who led the orchestra. 

In addition to this formal celebration, some work of a 
Centennial nature was performed in the schools. Each town- 
ship was asked to collect facts of noted persons, historic build- 
ings and places of local interest and use them as a basis of 
work in English. The results were submitted to the County 
School Superintendent as part requirement for graduation. 

Be this Henry County's memorial — She kept the faith. 

HOWARD 

Howard County made an excellent start on the Centennial 
highway. A live, capable and enthusiastic chairman was 
early secured in the person of C. V. Haworth, Superintend- 
ent of the Kokomo schools. He had some ideas of his own 
and began incubating them. His theory of organization was 
sound, basing it largely upon the schools of the county. Here 
the best work was done. The children were set to work writ- 
ing essays on all phases of local history, getting their ma- 
terial from pioneers, old records and relics. In this way, with 
some adult criticism and assistance, township histories were 
compiled and published in local papers. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 173 

In January, 1916, Miss Charity Dye of the Indiana His- 
torical Commission made two visits to Kokomo, speaking first 
before the Women's Department Club and later, by way of 
hearty encore, before the Commercial Club. She spoke earn- 
estly and inspiringly of Centennial ideals, outlining an ob- 
servance worthy of a high-minded citizenship, and telling 
Howard County how to go about it. She was enthusiastically 
acclaimed by the press and her ideals applauded. "She has 
performed a most valuable service," said the Kokomo Tribune, 
"in stirring up interest in the Centennial and in awakening 
the people of Howard County to the importance of having 
a creditable part in it." 

Plans for an ambitious and thoroughly historical celebra- 
tion were announced, the principal feature of which was to 
be a pageant portraying the proud history of Howard County. 
C. H. Havens was chosen to write the pageant and entered 
with zest upon this difficult but alluring task. 

So far, so good — very good, in fact. And then — enter 
the dollar mark, star villain of all patriotic enterprise. Cele- 
brations and pageants cost money to be sure. The Centen- 
nial Committee didn't see how to finance the enterprise and 
lost its nerve. As a result it went into partnership with the 
Chamber of Commerce, whereby the former contributed the 
good name and the latter assumed the financial responsibil- 
ity. Thereafter, it was "The Big Industrial Exhibition and 
Centennial Celebration," so far as emphasis was concerned. 
The Chamber of Commerce put on the usual industrial exhibit 
at so much per booth, lasting a week, September 4 to 9. The 
much heralded pageant degenerated into a display of fire- 
works, featured as "a pyro-historical spectacle," with an ap- 
parently honest attempt made to make it really historical. 
Featured with the pyro-spectacle, were "The Royal Huzzar 
Girls," "Rusty Rube," etc. Thus went the pageant. 

There is a lighter side however. Chairman Haworth per- 
severed in his efforts and saved the day in part by getting to- 
gether from all over the county a splendid exhibit of pioneer 
relics, which attracted wide attention and much favorable 
comment. 

Howard County was represented in the Centennial Caval- 
cade at the capitol by Miss Juanita Brunnemiller. 



174 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

HUNTINGTON 

Huntington County put a Centennial crimp in the doctrine 
that the first shall be last and the last shall be first. It of- 
fered a revision that the first shall be first, clear up to the 
last. It staunchly supported the amendment in more ways 
than one. To begin with, it held the first county celebration 
in the State. It challenged the other counties to the rank of 
first in the thorough Centennial spirit — educational, histor- 
ical and patriotic — which pervaded its observance. At the 
last great rally on County Day at the state celebration, it 
led all comers in the Centennial Cavalcade to the very letter, 
with its representative. Miss Furste, as Miss Indiana. 

The Huntington chairman, J. M. Scudder, superintendent 
of the Huntington city schools, was one of the county chair- 
men who received his vision of the year's work at the Decem- 
ber conference at Indianapolis. And having received it, he 
imparted it with effectiveness to others, who faithfully as- 
sisted him in the realization of that vision. The celebration 
was Vv^orked out from the bottom up, in place of being merely 
put on at the top, being made a splendid educational move- 
ment with the young people. 

As a matter of fact, county organization was effected 
largely through the school officials of the county, with the 
result that with the schools as centers, practically the whole 
county had participated in local observances before the county 
celebration in May. These began in February and continued 
through March. The date of March 3 was made a special 
Centennial Day by County School Superintendent Clifford 
Funderburg. Many of these observances incorporated the 
idea of Patrons Day, bringing the parents together with the 
pupils in all-day exercises, with picnic dinner at noon. Nearly 
all the schools collected from their respective communities 
an array of relics which were placed on display as a part of 
the program. Papers on local history were read, Indiana 
poems recited and Indiana songs sung. In the consolidated 
high schools, extra preparations were made. The Hunting- 
ton schools observed Indiana Products Day on February 22, 
as did other organizations in the city. 

In the regular school work, books on Indiana history were 
read and discussed, and local history was stressed throughout 
the year. Centennial emphasis was also placed in the music 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 175 

and art work. The Centennial spirit permeated the graduat- 
ing exercises. 

The county celebration took place May 2 to 6, at Hunting- 
ton, May 5 being the ann: /ersary of the creation of the county. 
It was primarily educational and constructive. One day was 
given to athletic events, drills and the reproduction of scenes 
in Indiana history, before thousands of people, gathered at the 
fair grounds. But the center of observance was at the court 
house, which for the time was turned into a veritable museum, 
in which the whole county had a part. 

One department consisted of such special features as the 
reproduction of the old Indian trading post which was lo- 
cated at the junction of the Little and Wabash rivers near 
Huntington; a remarkably accurate reproduction of early 
Huntington and the Wabash canal, with boat in transit 
through the locks; a pioneer schoolhouse of Huntington, 
pioneer homes and surroundings; a model in one-third scale 
of an old stage coach. Many other highly creditable repro- 
ductions were contributed from over the county, the work of 
the students themselves. 

The part of the exhibit in which Chairman Scudder was 
of right particularly proud was the display of the written 
productions of the school children of the county on all phases 
of local history, industrial, biographical, educational and re- 
ligious. The best of these were later collected into seven 
bound volumes and placed in the public library. 

Each evening of the celebration a musical program con- 
sisting of Indiana and patriotic selections, was given in the 
court house by the school children. One day v/as given over 
to old settlers who fairly revelled in the atmosphere of their 
youth. During the week, the important historic spots in the 
county, which had been picked out by the D. A. R., were 
marked with national flags. 

In summary, the general content and spirit of the Hunt- 
ington celebration may be given in the letter of commenda- 
tion addressed to Mr. Scudder by the Director of the 
Commission. 

Mr. J. M. Scudder: 

Since my most pleasant visit to Huntington Saturday, I have been 
thinking of your wonderful Centennial Exhibit, and am more and more 
impressed with what I saw. And not merely with what I saw, but 
even more with the spirit and work involved behind the exhibit. I wish 



176 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

to commend and congratulate you and your efficient helpers most heart- 
ily, on behalf of the Commission, for the splendid way in which you have 
risen to the Centennial occasion. 

In the first place, you worked out your observance in entire keep- 
ing with the high purposes of the Commission. It was primarily edu- 
cational, historical and patriotic, those things being eliminated which 
would have cheapened it. In brief you made a clear distinction between 
a fitting Centennial celebration and a street fair or carnival. You took 
sufficient time to work out your plans thoroughly and in a way to make 
your work educational in the highest sense. Your school children and 
young people thereby got a vision of what Centennial really means and 
will be better citizens accordingly. The teachers of Huntington County 
deserve great credit for their effective cooperation toward this end. 

In the second place, you made it a county and not a mere county seat 
observance, by seeing that the various townships were adequately rep- 
resented. You thus carried out our ideal of a representative county 
celebration. 

As I think of the relic room under the supervision of Mr. H. M. 
Purviance, the department of "Huntington County Artists" headed by 
Miss Alice Gray, the individual townships and rural school exhibits, 
managed by Professor F. A. Loew and Miss Etta Walters, the "Better 
Health Exhibit" arranged by Mrs. Mae Baker, the reproductions of such 
historic scenes and objects as the Old Trading Post, the Wabash and 
Erie Canal, the old stage coach, the log schoolhouse and log cabins, the 
marking of historic places of town and county, under the leadership of 
Mrs. Barnhart and others, the exhibits of 1916 handicraft supervised by 
W. A. Shock and Miss Mary Grayston, and last but not least the 
biographical, historical and descriptive manuscripts on Indiana and 
Huntington county supervised by Miss Mary Cox, I wish again to thank 
you and all concerned for having in the first county Centennial cele- 
bration set a standard which all other counties may well emulate. 

Very sincerely yours, 

W. C. Woodward. 

Huntington County did not close its Centennial account 
with a successful celebration of its own. When the plans 
were announced for County Day, the same zeal and determina- 
tion were shown which had characterized the work in the 
spring. Miss Dilla K. Stults, was given charge of the con- 
test for the selection of the young lady to represent Hunting- 
ton and aroused such interest that the largest vote in the 
State was polled, an average of a vote from one out of every 
ten citizens in the county. As a result, Miss Mary Furste, 
who received the highest vote, was declared Miss Indiana, 
with the honor of leading the Cavalcade, and the second con- 
testant, Miss Elva Summers, rode as the representative of 
Huntington County. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 177 

Proud of its success, Huntington rallied to its colors in 
such a way that it led the procession on County Day, figur- 
atively as well as literally. It costumed elegantly its young 
lady representatives, each of whom had as mount a white 
Arabian horse. It furnished a beautiful decorated float and 
was the only county in the State to be led by its own band. 
A large delegation of Huntington County people accompanied 
its representatives. No county participated so heartily, and 
the honors of the day, following the consistent work at home, 
were well deserved. 

JACKSON 

Thanks to the diligence and loyal interest of County Chair- 
man T. A. Mott, Superintendent of the Seymour schools, and 
to the hearty cooperation accorded him, the Centennial spirit 
prevailed very largely throughout Jackson County. Indeed 
the county as a whole seemed to grasp the true meaning and 
significance of the Centennial better than did its principal 
city, as will appear. 

Chairman Mott effected a complete county organization by 
townships. It was more than a mere paper organization, too, 
as is indicated by the fact that it gathered monthly to discuss 
and plan the work. As a result of such faithful effort the 
Chairman reported that each township in the county had a 
school celebration and several conducted observances of wider 
scope. In fact the school celebrations, so called, were largely 
community affairs, in which patrons and friends took an act- 
ive part. Collections of relics were made, and reminiscences 
were told by early residents. Much interest was manifested 
in papers on various phases of local history, on which hun- 
dreds of essays were written by school children, according to 
Mr. Mott. Sometimes, as in the joint celebration of Cortland 
school and Hamilton township, more ambitious efforts were 
attempted, and scenes from Indiana history were portrayed. 
Appropriate addresses were made on these occasions, the 
County Chairman himself responding to frequent calls. 

The Medora and Carr townships schools, in connection 
with those of Medora, combined the Centennial observance 
and their graduating exercises. In the afternoon an address 
on "One Hundred Years of History," and in the evening one 
on "Uncle Sam" were delivered by Rev. L. E. Brown, of Con- 
nersville. 



178 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Brownstown, the county seat, prefaced its Chautauqua 
week with features embodying the Centennial idea. A two- 
day observance was held at Vallonia when a Bedford stone 
memorial marker was placed with due ceremony on the site 
of old Fort Vallonia. An interesting incident connected 
therewith was the presence of an old man aged ninety years 
whose parents were married within the fort and who himself 
had been within its enclosure. 

As an early and concrete expression of this widespread 
interest in local and state history, the Jackson County His- 
torical Society was established while the Centennial year was 
still young. 

The climax of county observance was planned to take place 
at Seymour, where a week of celebration was announced. Un- 
fortunately for the good record of the county, the enterprise 
was apparently turned over too largely to the management of 
those in whose minds a Centennial observance was little more 
than an excuse for bringing people to town to gape at Madam 
Pontifix and her high diving horses and dogs, the Cycling 
Whirlwind, and other "high class" attractions which come 
in the "too numerous to mention" class. The veil of oblivion 
may well be thrown over much of the so-called week's celebra- 
tion of September 11 to 16. 

Better far had the observance been restricted to the beau- 
tiful pageant presented at Shield's Park on the afternoon of 
September 16. Original in arrangement, colorful and ap- 
pealing in presentation, it was a thing of beauty and impres- 
siveness, an eloquent disclaimer of the garish and the vulgar 
as the true embodiment of the Centennial spirit. It was 
arranged by Miss Kate F. Andrews, principal of the Seymour 
High School, assisted by Arthur I. Beriault as pageant di- 
rector, and by T. A. Mott as Chairman of the Pageant 
Committee. 

Nearly every county pageant contributed a distinctive fea- 
ture. That of Jackson County at Seymour deftly introduced 
the Shakesperean motif in keeping with the tercentenary an- 
niversary by an opening scene of merrymaking on the village 
green just outside the walls of London and in the vicinity of 
the Shakespeare Playhouse. As the scene progresses, Shake- 
speare, led by imagination and followed by his creations, goes 
to take possession of the theatre, while at the same time the 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 179 

English Puritans and French traders, who have been in the 
background, move toward the West and the new land of Amer- 
ica. This gave excellent opportunity to introduce the May 
Day revelers, offset by the staid Puritans, and to present the 
background of American and thus of Indiana history. 

The pageant, cast on broad lines, was national and state 
in character, was wholly a pantomime production, and par- 
took largely of the nature of a spectacle as distinguished from 
a pageant portraying the life and aspiration of the commu- 
nity. The history of the State was presented in each of the 
three centuries, on the background of American history, with 
effectively arranged symbolic interludes. About 500 people 
took part. 

Mrs. Earl Cox represented Jackson County in the Centen- 
nial Cavalcade at Indianapolis on County Day. 

On December 11, the schools of Seymour held exercises 
in recognition of the Centennial. 

JASPER 

The Centennial annals of Jasper County are soon writ- 
ten. On a visit to Rensselaer before the school year opened 
in 1915, the Director of the Commission secured Chas. R. 
Dean, Superintendent of the city schools and teacher of his- 
tory, as County Chairman. Organization of the county was 
never energetically undertaken, and the Commission is not 
inclined to hold the people of Jasper wholly responsible for 
the fact that the Centennial idea did not make greater head- 
way. There is no apparent reason why aggressive and cap- 
able leadership would not have met the splendid results 
achieved in other counties — in the adjacent county of White 
for instance. 

In the schools, recognition of the anniversary was given in 
the setting apart of March 10 by County Superintendent 
Ernest Lamson as a day of observance in both town and rural 
schools. Mr. Lamson published and circulated a pamphlet of 
suggestions and information relative to the program of the 
day, with a short list of reference books on Indiana history. 
Special programs are reported from Remington and Rens- 
salaer. 

The women's clubs of the county evinced some interest in 
the Centennial in incorporating to a greater or less extent the 

11—15997 



180 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Indiana motif in their programs. The D. A. R. planted a tree 
in Milroy Park, Rensselaer, as a memorial to the pioneer men 
and women of Jasper County. 

The so-called County Celebration was held in the high 
school auditorium of Rensselaer on the evening of October 21. 
Short addresses were made on early life and history of Jasper 
County, and an address given on Vocational Education in In- 
diana by Miss Adelaide Steele Baylor of the State Depart- 
ment of Public Instruction. A set of lantern slides on early 
Indiana history was exhibited. 

JAY 

Like its next door neighbor, Randolph, a near-governor 
apparently tended to absorb a good deal of Jay County's Cen- 
tennial interest and enthusiasm. In August, 1915, Dr. W. D. 
Schwartz, of Portland, accepted the county chairmanship, 
manifesting no little interest in the cause. But though some 
commendable things were accomplished, so far as a real 
county observance is concerned, Jay County never arrived. 

The movement never took hold of the county at all. No 
county organization was effected and there was not even any- 
thing approaching an organized or concerted work in the 
schools, which was a rare lapse in Indiana in 1916. 

The one thing which Jay County or Portland did well, was 
the putting on of an Indiana Products Day Dinner, Febru- 
ary 22nd. Indeed the office of the State Commission awarded 
the "Up-State" honors to Portland for the following most 
original, unique and Centennially flavored menu : 

1816— MENU— 1916 
Printed by Hoosiers on Indiana Paper 



George Washington Cherry Salpicon 

Grown on Jay County Trees 

Tecumseh Tomato Bisque 

Hot Tippecanoe Wafers 

Corydon Celery Hearts 

Pickles from Old Vincennes 

Smothered Chicken Giblet Gravy 



Potatoes au Gratin 

Grown on Jay County Soil 

'Pride of the Wabash" Corn Souffle 

Canned by Hood 

Hot Rolls Currant Jelly 



county celebrations 181 

Combination Salad 

Contains Something from Each Township in Jay County 

Cheese Wafers 

Indiana Brick Cream 

Frozen in 1916 

Riley Cake Hoosierized Coffee 

Centennial Mints 

Much of the success of the dinner was due to the zeal of 
H. B. Grimsley, the energetic young secretary of Portland's 
Commercial Club. 

Jay County was represented on County Day of the State 
celebration by Miss Topin Shank, daughter of the Union Cav- 
alry General, J. P. C. Shank, riding in the Centennial Caval- 
cade. The county is to be commended for arranging so appro- 
priate and patriotic a representation. 

Although not wholly Centennial projects, few counties 
have left more substantial permanent memorials than Jay. 
Early in the year, $20,000 was raised for a county hospital, 
and work begun on a fine new court house. The laying of the 
corner-stone of the latter was made the occasion of a belated 
"Centennial Celebration and Jubilee Sales Event" with ap- 
parent emphasis on the "sales" end, as fostered by the thrifty 
business interests. This began October 28 and was strung 
out till November 6, so as to incorporate Hallowe'en and the 
presidential election! 

JEFFERSON 

Historic Jefferson made a poor start in the Centennial 
field. It was not until late in the year that a leader was se- 
cured, so that her possibilities were greatly limited. After 
H. H. Cope accepted the chairmanship, however, good progress 
was made, a very creditable celebration xesulting. 

A one-day observance was held on September 28 at old 
Madison, once Indiana's leading mart of trade. Aside from 
the usual parade, a pageant was given under the leadership 
of the schools and participated in by about three hundred per- 
formers. 

A leading feature of the celebration was the placing, with 
appropriate exercises by the local D. A. R., of a native boulder 
to mark the beginning of the old Michigan road. 

The county was represented in the County Day parade at 
Indianapolis. 



182 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

JENNINGS 

John Clerkin, an historically minded attorney of North 
Vernon, accepted the Centennial Chairmanship of Jennings 
County and effected a county organization. A Jennings cele- 
bration was scheduled to take place at North Vernon in July 
in connection with the Jennings County Fair. Plans for such 
a combination failed of fruition and the celebration was post- 
poned, with the result that nothing further was heard from it. 

In the meantime Vernon, the county seat, bestirred itself 
and arranged for a home-coming and celebration, which took 
place the latter part of August. 

Spencer township deserves special mention for its excel- 
lent Centennial observance held at Hoyden on April 22, con- 
sisting of an all-day program with picnic dinner at noon. 
The forenoon was devoted to talks on State and local history, 
a comprehensive address being delivered by Mr. Clerkin, 
County Chairman. The afternoon program consisted of dem- 
onstrations of early activities of pioneer life. The day's ob- 
servance was under the management of Mrs. A. J. Wohrer, 
township chairman. 

JOHNSON 

Johnson, the lair of corn kings, was one of the few coun- 
ties rimming Marion and the capital to make a satisfactory 
Centennial showing. Thoroughly satisfactory it was, due 
both to the thorough educational work of the county chair- 
man and to the fine public spirit of its citizens, led by the 
Woman's Civic League, of Franklin. J. C. Webb, county school 
superintendent, since elected superintendent of the Franklin 
city schools, was chosen Johnson's chairman and was respon- 
sible for the effective work done in the schools, giving a sure 
foundation for further Centennial activities. This was all the 
more important in view of the comparative conservatism 
and lack of vision of the Franklin newspapers, which did little 
in the way of helpful publicity. 

In the summer of 1915, County Superintendent Webb was 
laying plans for a county school exhibit of a Centennial nature 
to be held at Franklin in the winter. In October he issued 
an admirable pamphlet, "The Indiana Centennial," addressed 
to the citizens of Johnson County and the teachers of public 
and private schools. In it he first gave a general survey of 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 18^ 

the state-wide movement under the auspices of the State Com- 
mission, then suggested some modes of procedure on the part 
of Johnson County whereby it might profitably observe the 
Centennial. The suggestions were addressed particularly to the 
school children, with a view to aiding and interesting them in 
gathering the facts of their local history. The organization of 
Indiana history study clubs was urged and the founding of 
a county historical society recommended. Suggestions were 
made looking toward the cooperation of the schools in the 
county exhibit. The latter was held February 4 and 5, as a 
feature of the County Teachers' Association, and proved suc- 
cessful. Appropriate addresses were made by Dr. A. E. Win- 
ship of Boston, Dr. James A. Woodburn of the Commission 
and by Miss Herriott C. Palmer of Franklin College. 

In this effective manner the whole county was made con- 
versant with the Centennial idea early in the year. Appreci- 
ating the success of his efforts in identifying the schools with 
the Centennial movement, the Director of the Commission 
asked Mr. Webb to make a short talk before the conference of 
county chairmen at the capital in December on the topic, "The 
Relation of the Schools to the County Chairmen." 

Mr. Webb was also largely responsible for the organiza- 
tion in June of the Johnson County Historical Society, on 
the occasion of which an address was delivered by Professor 
Harlow Lindley of Earlham College, secretary of the Com- 
mission. 

Johnson County's formal celebration, however, must be 
credited to the zeal and energy of the Woman's Civic League, 
of which Miss Herriott C. Palmer, of the history department 
of Franklin College, was president. Concerned that no steps 
were being taken toward the preparation of a county pageant, 
the officers of the League took the initiative. Miss Palmer 
appointed a committee representing the various women's or- 
ganizations of Franklin, composed of Miss Jeanette Zeppen- 
feld, chairman, Mrs. A. N. Crecraft, Mrs. William Pangburn, 
Mrs. A. J. Belknap, Mrs. F. N. Whitesides, Mrs. J. C. Webb 
and Mrs. E. 0. Collins. This served as an executive com- 
mittee, which appointed the following representatives in the 
townships: M. F. Kennedy, Hensley; Bert Tapp, Union; Z. 
M. Smith, White River; Mrs. Wm. Flinn, Nineveh; Wallace 
Webb, Needham; Rev. J. B. Ferguson, Franklin; Miss Hallie 



184 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Magill, Clark; Mrs. G. Q. Burkett, Pleasant. Dr. W. T. Stott 
was appointed to represent Franklin College, of which he is 
president emeritus. 

Miss Zeppenfeld, professor of German in the College, 
undertook the preparation and general direction of a county 
pageant, the date for the presentation of which was fixed for 
July 4. Members of the local or the executive committee 
visited other pageants to get ideas, giving much time and at- 
tention to the patriotic enterprise. Finding that some tan- 
gible financial backing was necessary to insure the success of 
the latter, the Commercial Club of Franklin lent its support. 

The pageant was presented on the College Campus and its 
success was beyond expectation. In fact the attendance, esti- 
mated at from six to ten thousand people, representing not 
only Johnson but surrounding counties, was so great as al- 
most to hamper the progress of the pageant, seating accom- 
modations having been provided for a fraction only of that 
number. A very brief outline will indicate how nearly the 
whole county participated in this dramatic portrayal of its 
history. Following a symbolic drill, there were five episodes. 

Episode I The Indians 
Their arrival, life and activities; coming of trappers and early pioneers. 
By Franklin schools. 

Episode II The Early Pioneers, 1820-30 

1. Arrival in ox cart, the cabin and clearing, home life. By Hensley 

Township. 

2. Traveling preacher; earliest church; first school. By Union 

Township. 

3. Pioneer activities — spinning, weaving, soap making, wheat flail- 

ing. By White River Township. 

(Old Time Melodies by Band). 
Flag drill, under direction Woman's Study Club. 

Episode III Franklin College, 1834 

1. The fourteen founders. 

2. Model, first college building; sample contributions. 

3. First commencement, 1847. 

Episode IV Society and Industry, 1840-1850 

1. Quilting Bee. By Nineveh neighborhood. 

2. Apple-paring. By Union neighborhood. 

3. Corn husking and frolic. By Needham Township. 

4. Spelling and Singing Schools. By Hopewell Township. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 185 

Episode V Politics and Patriotism 

1. Old time political rally. By Clark Township. 

2. Descendants of pioneers leave to decorate pioneer graves. 

3. Social party, 1861. Call to arms, presentation of flag, departure 

of soldiers. By Charlotte Emerson Club. 

4. Peace. By G. A. R. 

5. Evolution of transportation. By Pleasant Township. 

The Johnson County pageant was a real community ef- 
fort, the product of home people throughout, and as such is 
worthy of the highest commendation. Approximately five 
hundred people participated. Assisting Miss Zeppenfeld in 
the direction were Dana Gather, Indian Episode, and Miss 
Hazel Abbott in the dances and drills. W. R. Voris directed 
the large chorus. 

In addition to acquitting itself well at home, Johnson 
County played its part well at the state celebration in October. 
On county day it was represented in the Centennial Caval- 
cade by Miss Helene Whitesides. In the procession of the 
counties Johnson had a beautiful corn float, displaying its 
leading product and a glittering array of trophies, won by 
Johnson County corn kings. 

The float carried banners, declaring: "We have good 
roads, good homes, good churches, but no saloons," and, "We 
have one consolidated high school for every thirty-two square 
miles." Through Franklin College, Johnson was also well 
represented in the religious and educational parades of the 
state celebration. 

KNOX 

The name of the county itself does not so readily bring the 
flash of significance. But with the word "Vincennes," we 
instantly recover ourselves with, "Oh, yes, of course, Vin- 
cennes, the cradle of history in the Old Northwest." No Cen- 
tennial movement in Indiana could be contemplated without 
taking Old Vincennes into account. This was freely admit- 
ted by the citizens of the historic old town themselves, and 
for fear their claims might be overlooked they essayed a "get 
up quick" celebration in December, 1915, as a forerunner for 
the Centennial year. Jack Frost officiated too officiously for 
best results but he couldn't intimidate Vincennes printers' 
ink, hence as a publicity agent, the forerunner foreran suc- 
cessfully. 



186 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

As might have been expected, the Knox County celebra- 
tion was a Vincennes celebration. The county seemed to take 
this for granted, as indeed did several of the surrounding 
counties which seemed satisfied to let Vincennes pose as the 
Centennial capital of its section of the State. 

Prof. R. I. Hamilton was made County Chairman, and a 
right aggressive chairman he was. He had an appreciation 
of historical values as well as of the time and care neces- 
sary for presenting them adequately. If, under his general 
leadership and with the wealth of historic material at hand, 
the city had limited itself to the one celebration in 1916, it is 
probable that Vincennes would have occupied a place in the 
great anniversary observance more nearly in keeping with her 
historic prestige. 

In the last week in January, 1916, the Indiana Historical 
Commission met at the old capital in business session as in the 
previous October it had met at Corydon. In the evening a 
public meeting was held at which appropriate addresses were 
made by Mayor J. M. House and by members of the Com- 
mission, anticipatory of the part which the city should take 
in the year's activities. 

Vincennes centered her effort on a pageant as the most ef- 
fective means of portraying her part in the making of a 
State — of several States in fact. She was particularly fortu- 
nate in having it written by George S. Cottman, whose ap- 
preciation of pageantry was more than matched by a passion 
for historic accuracy. Though directed by Captain N. Hardin 
the presentation was under Mr. Cottman's general supervi- 
sion. The pageant was given on May 19, in an afternoon 
and evening performance, on the banks of the Wabash. Its 
outline follows : 

PRELUDE 

The Dance of the Wah-bah-shik-ka — (Wabash). 

Episode I The Founding of Vincennes 

Scene — Indian Village of Chip-kaw-kaw, which formerly occupied the 
site of Vincennes. 

1. The return of the hunter. 

2. Coming of the fur traders. 

3. Arrival of Sieur de Vincennes and Priest. 




> 






bO 



H 



(IS7) 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 189 

Episode II The Winning of Vincennes 

Scene — On the green in front of Fort Sackville. 

1. Departure of General Abbott. 

2. The message of Father Gibault. 

3. The coming of General Hamilton. 

4. The siege of Fort Sackville. 

Episode III Vincennes the Capital 

Scene — Village Green. 

1. Beginning of Indiana Territory. 

2. Land treaties with the Indians. 

3. Tecumtha's protest. 

4. Harrison's return from Tippecanoe. 

Episode IV Indiana the Nineteenth Star 
Grand Finale — The Star Spangled Banner. 

Instead of having a general prologue, "The Spokesman" 
stepped forward before each episode, the outline of which 
he suggested. The following are his opening words: 

The Pageant of Old Vincennes — a glimpse of days long gone — this 
is the theme. Would that my servitors, who here assay the task, might 
wield the wand of Genius and with its touch invoke the spirit of those 
forgotten years. Would they might resurrect the dead and fitly march 
before your fancy on this mimic stage the acts, the scenes, the history 
momentous that made this spot above all other spots the cradle of a 
State. But if they fail to clothe the theme in fitting garb — if scribe and 
actor come but lamely off, remember this : 'Tis out of friendship for this 
city that they strive. Be thou friendly, too. 

It will be noted that the pageant treatment was limited to 
that period of history in which Vincennes held the State. 
In a very fitting way therefore it served as a prelude to the 
Centennial observance proper, that is to the observance of the 
period of actual statehood. This is well set forth in the clos- 
ing words of the Spokesman : 

Here endeth the story of Old Vincennes, the cradle of our beloved 
State. Thus runs the shifting scene: Indian and French, red-coated 
Englishman and conquering pioneer — then our loved city, queen of the 
Hoosier land. Now comes a fuller glory — the glory of a full-fledged 
State. And here surrender we our old preeminence. Here pass we on 
to Corydon, our sister city, the honors that fall to her. To her and our 
fair commonwealth this is our offering. Behold the finale. 

Vincennes failed to participate in the State celebration in 
the autumn, not even sending a representative to ride in the 
Centennial Cavalcade on County Day. 



190 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 



KOSCIUSKO 



A high-minded, determined woman, supported by a very 
few loyal enthusiasts, was largely responsible for placing and 
keeping Kosciusko County in the Centennial column. The 
success of a county chairman is not to be gauged so much 
by what is actually achieved as by the handicaps overcome. 
Thus judged. Miss Harriet D. Frazer is entitled to a Centen- 
nial loving-cup. 

She started out with the handicap of a rival, though spuri- 
ous, committee. The business men and citizens generally 
were too nearly apathetic, and it seemed impossible to effect 
an adequate county organization. But the loyal few fought 
on. The Winona Assembly people did not enter heartily into 
the county celebration and advertised a Centennial week of 
their own. But Miss Frazer had determined to have a Kosci- 
usko County observance from June 29 to July 2, and stuck 
to it. Then a local militia company conceived the brilliant 
idea of putting on a street fair during the week of celebra- 
tion! Miss Frazer and the loyal few shook their heads in 
protest — and it was not. As if that were not enough, a circus 
was announced. Another patriotic protest, and exit circus. 
Such courageous perseverence is of the stuff that made pos- 
sible one hundred years of statehood to be celebrated. 

June 29 was home-coming day, the principal feature of 
which was a school parade in the afternoon and the laying of 
the corner-stone of a new city school building with appropri- 
ate ceremonies. A feature of the parade was the marching 
of three generations of the Kutz family, grandmother, mother 
and daughter each having taught at one time in the old school 
building. 

June 30th was given over largely to school reunions, and 
in the evening, the most successful and enjoyable event of the 
week took place in the high school reunion and banquet. Old 
students from the Atlantic to the Pacific and from Canada 
were present, to keep their tryst with the Centennial spirit. 

An historical and industrial parade took place in Warsaw 
on Saturday afternoon, after which the Centennial address 
was delivered by Dr. Jonathan Rigdon. On Sunday appro- 
priate services were held in the churches. On each day an 
interesting exhibit of pioneer relics was on display. 

During the week following, the Winona Assembly made 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 191 

something of the Centennial idea, incorporating it as a part 
of the week's program. Beginning with Sunday, July 2nd, 
the week was outlined as follows: Religious Day, Home 
Coming Day, Patriotic Day, Fraternal Day, Educational Day, 
Old Settlers' Day and Woman's Day. Some special addresses 
were given. 

While the county as a whole did not take hold of the Cen- 
tennial observance, not a little was accomplished through the 
schools, Indiana history and biography were taught and 
Centennial programs were given in nearly every school. All 
eighth grade graduating pupils wrote essays on county and 
township history under the supervision of the history teach- 
ers. 

The only pageant in the county was that presented by 
the Syracuse schools under the direction of Superintendent 
C. C. Bachman. It was given on the evening of April 27th 
before an audience of one thousand people. It began with 
a symbolic scene representing the powers of forest and mist, 
led by the Spirit of the Wilderness. 

Events of the life and customs of the State were outlined, 
the periods represented being the Indian period of about 1800, 
early government, (Council at Vincennes), early schools, so- 
cial amusements, a war-time episode and a modern one, com- 
prising a medley of patriotic airs. 

LAGRANGE 

The Centennial observance in Lagrange was incorporated 
in the annual County Corn School and Farm Products Show. 
More truly than was generally the case under such an ar- 
rangement, the observance retained an identity of its own. 

It consisted of a processional pageant by the school chil- 
dren of the county. To each township or town was allotted 
a certain period or phase of history to portray and the result 
was a moving panorama of Indiana history from the time 
of the Indian occupation to the present. Not only were out- 
standing events clearly represented but the real life of the 
people, religious, social, political, industrial and educational 
was very effectively reproduced. In a word, the same sub- 
ject-matter generally given in the "legitimate" pageant, was 
presented in what was probably as nearly a "processional 
pageant" as anything given under that name, which was 



192 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

made during the year to cover, shall we say, a multitude of 
sins. The success of the event was due largely to County 
School Superintendent, Frederick G. Smeltzly. 

During the week's festivities, a representative was chosen 
in Miss Dell Conkey, to represent the county in the Cavalcade 
of the counties at the State capital. 

Carl S. Willard was County Centennial Chairman. 

LAKE 

With several cities located within its confines, and some 
of them under the very eaves of the great metropolis of a 
sister State, Lake County presented a difficult problem of or- 
ganization. An encouraging interest was manifested in the 
Indiana Centennial and the county newspapers gave it more 
publicity than did most of the papers in counties adjoining 
that of the State capital. The circumstances were such, how- 
ever, as to make very difficult, if not impossible, a real county 
celebration. 

Mr. Louis J. Bailey, head of the Gary Public Library, was 
chairman. He arranged for separate committees in the sev- 
eral cities, the chairmen of which were as follows : Gary, H. 
S. Norton; East Chicago, E. W. Wickey; Hammond, C. M. 
McDaniels; Crown Point, George W. Frederick; Merrillville, 
Sam Woods; Hobart, Mrs. Fannie Werner; Whiting, Henry 
S. Davidson ; Lowell, Oscar Dinwiddle. 

Some of these attempted city celebrations, but not with 
much success. Gary promised most, having arranged for a 
"three in one" celebration to take place early in June, in 
which would be observed the Centennial of Statehood, the 
diamond jubilee of the county and its own decennial. Plead- 
ing the excuse of conflict on account of the June presidential 
nominating conventions in Chicago, the committee postponed 
the celebration, indefinitely as it proved. The East Chicago 
and Whiting committees showed considerable activity, but no 
formal celebrations resulted. Hammond put on a parade 
with historical features, October 4, as a part of its annual 
street fair. 

The annual meeting of the Old Settlers' and County His- 
torical Associations, held at Crown Point, August 30, was 
made a Centennial occasion and indeed was considered as the 
county celebration. The principal Centennial feature was the 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 193 

historical exhibit of several hundred relics gathered from all 
parts of the county. 

Several Admission Day programs were given in the 
county. The most ambitious was the pageant given by the 
schools of East Chicago. Pageants were also announced for 
Whiting and Indiana Harbor schools. Programs were also 
given by the Woman's Club of Hammond and the Parent- 
Teachers Club of Lowell. 

Lake County reacted heartily on the state memorial park 
proposition, and has taken up the matter of the preservation 
of a part of the sand dunes, as such. 

The county was represented in the Centennial Cavalcade 
at Indianapolis by Miss Genevieve Michaely. 

LAPORTE 

The first step taken toward the observance of the Cen- 
tennial in Laporte County was that of the appointment of 
a committee by the Laporte County Historical Society, which 
was to take the initiative in preparing a plan of celebration. 
This committee was headed by Mr. Fred Henoch, who be- 
came thereby the County Centennial Chairman. Steps were 
taken promptly toward formulating a program of county ob- 
servance. 

The first and most important results were achieved in 
connection with the schools. In connection with the closing 
exercises of the latter, many school and township Centennial 
days were observed in the spring with fitting programs. 

The committee planned first to hold the county celebration 
on July 4th in conjunction with the Independence Day cele- 
bration put on by the city. The latter was given up how- 
ever, whereupon an arrangement was effected with the 
management of the County Fair whereby the last day was to 
include the Centennial idea. Father John Cavanaugh of Notre 
Dame University, a member of the State Historical Commis- 
sion, was secured as speaker, delivering the address on Sep- 
tember 1st. 

In the meantime Michigan City citizens launched a move- 
ment for a celebration of their own. This was held August 
21-26 and was called a Centennial Home Coming. Candor 
compels the admission, however, that with one notable excep- 
tion, it was more of a street carnival than a Centennial ob- 



194 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

servance, such worthies as "Rollo the Limit, in his somersault 
of Death," being very much in evidence. 

The notable exception was the distinctive pageant, "The 
Spirit of the Dunes," presented on the shore of Lake Michi- 
gan. It was written by Earl Roswell North, chaplain of the 
State Prison at Michigan City, and directed by Mrs. W. H. 
Harris of New York. It was presented in the hope of add- 
ing impetus to the movement for the preservation of the 
dunes and of arousing new interest in the history of the dis- 
trict. An idea of the pageant may be obtained by the fol- 
lowing summary of its episodes : 

Episode I 
The Spirit of the Dunes with the other Spirits are seen before man 
has ever appeared, and the company of Spirits are startled by the shoot- 
ing of an arrow by an Indian, who soon arrives on the scene followed 
by a number of Indians. Not long after their arrival two of the early 
French trappers come to barter with the Indians. Their trading with 
the Indians is interrupted by the canoe of Father Marquette landing on 
the shore and the preaching of the first sermon to these Indians. The 
impression ci-eated is wonderful, the departing Indians leave the scene 

under its spell. 

Episode II 

This is a typical pioneer scene. The young town is in its infancy, 
the date being about 1836. Carpenters are working on the first houses 
and among the visitors who arrive by stage coach and mule team are 
ancestors of many of the prominent people of the town. Some of these 
parts are taken by actual descendants of these people. The arrival of 
the country fiddler is a signal for a merry-making which is interrupted 
by the visit of the circuit rider and gives occasion for a lecture by him. 

Episode III 
This connects the early history of transportation with Michigan 
City, the occasion being the turning of the first spade of earth for 
what has since become the Michigan Central Railroad. Daniel Webster 
was the orator of the occasion and Mr. John Barker is credited with 
receiving the inspiration for his great shops at this time. 

Episode IV 
The Spirit of the Dunes is much distressed at the beginning of this 
episode, for the history of the progress of prison reform is shown in this 
episode in symbolic form. Justice, Punishment, Mercy and Reformation 
are represented by symbolic figures and the triumph of Reformation is 
shown by the march of two lines of prisoners across the stage. 

Episode V 
This is a patriotic scene and shows the way Michigan City re- 
sponded to the call to arms in '61. The boys in blue are seen leaving 
their wives and sweethearts. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 195 

Episode VI 
The grand finale of the Pageant is a final appeal of the Spirit of 
the Dunes to "Indiana," in which she beseeches her to protect and pre- 
serve the Dunes. The change of the character of the population of the 
city is shown by various nationalities of the city of today being repre- 
sented by their folk dances, closing with an American flag drill, the 
whole chorus and all the participants joining in singing "America." 

LAWRENCE 

Lawrence County proved a cipher in 1916, being one of the 
very few counties that did practically nothing. It didn't even 
get so far as to plan anything. Appeals were made to repre- 
sentative citizens to act as chairman, but without effect. 
Finally, the Secretary of the State Commission visited Bed- 
ford and on the strength of recommendations made to him, 
John H. Underwood was appointed. Mr. Underwood ac- 
cepted in September, 1915. In May, 1916, having accom- 
plished nothing toward a county organization or observance, 
he resigned. 

No one could be found to succeed him. A few patriotic 
souls were located who were anxious that something be done 
but they wanted some one else to do it. The Commission did 
finally get belated word from the County School Superintend- 
ent that Admission Day would be observed in the schools. 
The newspapers were apathetic and gave the movement no 
encouragement. But why explain further? 

On the evening of December 11, the ladies of tl;ie Morning 
Coterie of Bedford gave a patriotic program, featured by a 
parlor pageant arranged by the president of the club, Mrs. 
Viola Parke Edwards. 

MADISON 

Madison County stands unique among the ninety-two 
counties of Indiana, in its observance of the Centennial anni- 
versary. It was not only one of the very first to celebrate 
the year, in spirit and in truth; it was one of those who 
remained "faithful to the end," participating in the State Cele- 
bration. Not only this, but when asked to fill out a ques- 
tionnaire summarizing its Centennial activities, it not only 
complied but wrote its own history. Any county manifest- 
ing such unwonted and commendable enterprise deserves rec- 
ognition. Accordingly, we allow Madison to tell its own 



196 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

story, in great part, at least. Having been in close touch with 
the situation there and in attendance at the celebration, the 
Director is able to evaluate and affirm the account which is a 
review of the County Celebration held May 25, 26 and 27. 

In the Autvunn of 1915, the Indiana Historical Commission selected 
F. P. Foster of Anderson, to lead the movement for the Centennial cele- 
bration in Madison County. Mr. Foster pushed the work of publication 
and organization to that purpose for several months, when, early in 
1916, owing to business engagements which kept him out of the county 
a greater portion of the time, he resigned fi'om the position, which was 
thereupon tendered by the Commission to, and accepted by, J. L. Fork- 
ner, of Anderson. 

A general meeting for the furtherance of this cause was called by 
the chairman, Mr. Forkner, to assemble at the court house in the city 
of Anderson, April 3d, 1916. This meeting took place and at this time 
it became evident that the proper spirit existed in the community to 
insure a fitting celebration. Many other popular gatherings, all looking 
to the same end, took place from time to time during the eight suc- 
ceeding weeks, at the Library building in the city of Anderson. 

A County Committee had been selected at the beginning of the 
movement. Members of this committee, as well as its meetings, were 
numerous and consisted of several persons from every city or town 
and community in the county. And it is worth while to say that every 
section of the county gave its aid or presence to the event. The towns 
of Frankton, Pendleton and Chesterfield, in addition to Anderson, were 
especially enthusiastic and helpful to the exhibit. 

At the first organization • meeting held at the Library, Mrs. Ella 
Kehrer was elected to act as Secretary of the County Committee. At 
this time it was deemed wise to have an executive committee for the 
special and efficient direction of affairs, and this committee was made 
up of the following gentlemen: F. P. Foster, Chairman; J. A. VanOsdol, 
W. H. Heritage, W. A. Denny, J. C. Teegarden, A. W. Brady, R. B. 
Clark, E. R. Stilson. 

The first day of the celebration was devoted to a "Home Coming and 
Old Settlers Meeting." Pendleton being the town where the county 
was organized, and where the public affairs of the county were trans- 
acted for several subsequent years, it was thought appropriate to there 
stage this feature of the festival, which was accordingly done. It was 
to the fullest expectation, a success. Nothing was lacking to make it 
so, not even the weather, for what a happy Mayday greeted us at dawn 
and till sundown, with the clearest and purest of its skies. The citizens 
at Pendleton managed this part of the Centennial themselves, and bore 
the expense without aid from the Central Committee. 

It is due them, also, to state that theirs was more than a meeting. 
They had large collections of curios and relics repi-esenting the labor 
and life of pioneer times. They there exhibited dancing and music of 
the olden days as well as that of the present. Pioneers were on hand 
yet, who told in their simple, eloquent way, of the customs and manners 



COUNTY CELEBRxVTIONS 197 

of early times. The cultivation of flax, the manner of breaking, spin- 
ning and weaving it into garments, was related. 

Aunt Harriet Wynant told of the falling of the stars in 1837, which 
she witnessed. Hon. John L. Forkner made a felicitous talk, happily 
combining many incidents of the past life, with others more modern in 
that community. And the Hon. Charles L. Henry, who was born and 
reared in Pendleton, delivered an address replete with recollections of 
the virtues and glories of the men and women who had helped the 
county on in its century of growth and progress. 

The events of the second and third days were held at Anderson. 
There was a great parade, fully three miles long, showing the pi'ogress 
made in the State along the lines of transportation, home life, school, 
industry and business. After the parade, over two thousand school 
children gave a wonderful exhibition drill in the Athletic Park. 

On Saturday morning, in the High School Auditorium, there was an 
excellent program of historical talks by President Kelly of Earlham Col- 
lege; Mr. Edgar Cartwright of Summitville; A. W. Brady and J. L. 
Forkner of Anderson. Saturday afternoon was the occasion for a big 
field meet of the various athletic school organizations of the county. 

A by no means unimportant feature of the big celebration was the 
Art, Curio and Relic Exhibition at the corner of Meridian and Thir- 
teenth streets, Anderson, Indiana. S. L. Van Petten, the owner of an 
unoccupied business room on this corner, very generously donated it for 
the exhibit. It was admirably suited to this purpose. The room was 
large, the shelves which lined the walls and the large number of counter 
and floor cases made it possible to display the relics, and at the same 
time prevent them from being handled. Wide aisles afforded ample 
space for all. In the rear of the room a platform was erected for the 
use of those taking part on the programs. 

The room was opened for the reception of relics on Monday, May 
22d. The people responded most generously to the call for relics and 
curios. Many of the exhibitors brought in their articles. Members of 
the committee secured machines and brought in other relics. People 
of the county outside the city limits contributed loyally. Elwood, Sum- 
mitville, Frankton, Chesterfield and Union townships wei'e well repre- 
sented. 

Although it took but four days to collect and arrange the articles 
in the exhibit, they must have numbered more than five thousand, with 
nearly four hundred exhibitors. Visitors were greatly surprised and 
delighted with the interesting objects shown, and their variety. There 
was a large number of old books, many over one hundred years old — one 
three hundred years old — coats worn during the Revolution, canes, silver- 
ware, dishes, hay forks, firearms, coins, dulcimers, tin lanterns, quilts, 
counterpanes, daguerreotypes, melodeons and others too numerous to 
mention. 

The exhibit was open to the public on the three days of the cele- 
bration, and also on the following Sunday afternoon. During this time 
the room was thronged with visitors. People waited at the door before 
it was opened and departed with regret at closing time. 

12—15997 



198 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

There were some interesting and unusual demonstrations at the 
exhibit on Friday and Saturday. Near the back of the room, an old- 
fashioned loom belonging to Mrs. Samantha J. Stephenson — an elderly 
lady more than seventy years of age, living in the county southeast of 
Anderson — had been set up and at different periods on these two days 
her daughter wove carpet. Mrs. Margaret Adamson, an old lady eighty- 
five years of age, spun some wool and flax. Mr. Eli Wright, of Frankton, 
played some old-fashioned tunes upon a dulcimer. 

Under the management of E, A. Guise, programs of old-time music 
were arranged for on Friday and Saturday evenings. On Friday, Mrs. 
Bliven delighted the audience by playing' upon the melodeon. Mrs. L. J. 
Burr sang some of the never-to-be-forgotten old songs, accompanied by 
Mrs. Bliven on the melodeon, and Mrs. Ruth Buck-Bailey on the violin; 
Mrs. H. C. Bolinger played some selections on the accordeon; and four 
old-time fiddlers demonstrated old-time fiddling. Saturday, the fiddlers 
gave another performance and late in the evening played for those who 
cared to indulge in the old-time square dances. 

No better comment upon the success of the Exhibit can be made than 
the oft-repeated questions of the visitors: "Why don't you make this 
permanent? Why can't you keep this open for two weeks?" 

Too much cannot be said in praise of the committee who had charge 
of this feature of the celebration. The chairman of this Committee, 
Mr. J. C. Teegarden, carefully planned the work, and with the valuable 
assistance of a splendid organization of diligent and devoted persons 
on the committee, they were able to make this a most admirable feature 
of the celebration. 

The author would make further mention of a few fea- 
tures of the Madison County Celebration, as it impressed an 
outsider. The outstanding feature was the perfect unity of 
spirit that dominated every part of the observance. This was 
demonstrated on several occasions. The parade, which com- 
bined the best efforts of city and rural community, was a 
good illustration of the excellent community spirit that every- 
where prevailed. 

The beautiful flag drills and patriotic presentation of two 
thousand school children, under the direction of Superintend- 
ent W. A. Denny, were impressive and beautiful. 

In a word it may be said that the Centennial leaders and 
citizens did not merely say, "Come, let us have a Centennial 
Celebration" and straightway go about their own business, 
allowing a mere perfunctory observance to be made — a cele- 
bration in name only. It was evident that the Centennial 
spirit permeated the community to a very large degree. For 
this, the zealous and capable efforts of such men as J. L. Fork- 
ner, F. P. Foster, Job C. Teegarden, and J. A. Van Osdol, and 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 199 

such women as Mrs. Ella Kehrer, Miss Daisy French, and 
Mrs. Flora Millspaugh, to mention but a few, were in a large 
measure responsible. 

Previous to the county celebration, the town of Frankton 
observed the anniversary fittingly May 1, credit for which 
was due largely to Miss Daisy French, Superintendent of the 
schools and Chairman of the Committee on Arrangements. 
Later in the year Elwood made a quiet recognition of the Cen- 
tennial in a suitable program of addresses. 

Anderson saw that the county was represented on County 
Day at Indianapolis. Miss Ruth Buler was chosen to ride in 
the Cavalcade. In the parade which followed, rode a good 
personification of old Chief Anderson, followed by a beauti- 
ful float furnished by Mr. Glen Gates. In addition, through 
J. C. Teegarden, the county contributed some of its relics to 
the display made at the Herron Art Institute during October. 

Admission Day was well observed by the schools of Ander- 
son and Elwood and a special program was prepared at Pen- 
dleton by the G. A. R. and W. R. C. 

MARION 

The observance in Marion was not conducted on a county 
basis. As an organized movement, it centered in the state 
celebration at the Capital in October which was primarily, 
perforce, an Indianapolis enterprise, and should be credited 
largely to Marion County. The features of observance not 
connected with the state celebration were individual and local, 
each flying with its own wings. It is these of which mention 
is made here. 

Considerable Centennial activity was manifested by the 
schools. County Superintendent Swails set apart a whole 
half day, March 31, in the schools of the county for observ- 
ing the 100th anniversary of Indiana's statehood ! 

Mention has been made, under Hendricks County, of the 
pageant given by the State School for Boys at Plainfield, at 
the time of the meeting in Indianapolis of the National Con- 
ference of Charities and Correction. The Girls' School at 
Clermont as its contribution to the programs given for the 
entertainment of the delegates, gave a very successful pres- 
entation of the pageant "Indiana," written by Miss Charity 
Dye. 



200 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL, 

At about the same time a pageant depicting the general 
phases of state history was given by School No. 54. 

Very effective Centennial programs were given in June by 
the Technical and Manual high schools in connection with 
their Commencement exercises. The latter featured its pro- 
gram with orations of a Centennial nature, while Technical 
put on an excellent pageant by members of the Senior Class 
under the direction of Miss Mabel Goddard of the Faculty. 
In October Shortridge High School enjoyed a special program 
and reunion and unveiled a tablet in memory of a faithful 
janitor. 

Teachers and pupils of School No. 45 unveiled a stone 
placed in honor of Camp Morton at Alabama and Washing- 
ton streets, near what was probably the southern entrance 
to the historic camp of Indiana's Civil War heroes. 

These are but a few of the instances of patriotic observ- 
ance in the schools. 

There were some celebrations of a community nature, such 
as that of the McKinley Recreation Center, May 26 and 27, 
consisting of an indoor pageant and a pioneer relic exhibit; 
the Irvington pageant, to be spoken of again presently; the 
Southport celebration in Perry tov/nship, July 4, when a pag- 
eant parade was given and the high school class dedicated a 
memorial boulder to the Pioneer Mother. 

The Clubs of the city took some notice of the year. On 
February 10 the Woman's Department Club gave a Centen- 
nial publicity program at the Propylaeum when talks on 
pageantry were made by W. C. Langdon and Mrs. Mary H. 
Flanner, on the Pioneer Mother by Miss Charity Dye, and 
general talks by Hilton U. Brown, George W. Stout and Earl 
Mushlitz, representing respectively the News, Times, and Star. 

In the same month the Review Circle gave a program on 
pioneer Indiana women of note. Over-the-Teacups Club 
made recognition in a program in March. The Clio Club gave 
a program to the subject and was addressed by Miss Lucy M. 
Elliott, Assistant Director of the Commission. 

In October the Caroline Scott Harrison chapter of the 
D. A. R. presented a Centennial fountain on the State House 
grounds, and erected a monument at the intersection of Wash- 
ington street and Southeastern avenue, marking the historic 
Michigan road. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 201 

The Men's Saturday Lunch Club had subjects of Centen- 
nial interest presented at different times. 

On February 22, about eight Indiana Products Day din- 
ners were given in the city. The most elaborate of these 
was given by the Board of Trade when addresses were given 
by Governor Samuel M. Ralston,* B. A. Worthington, head 
of the C. I. & W. Railroad, and W. C. Woodward, Director of 
the Indiana Historical Commission. 

THE IRVINGTON PAGEANT 

The most elaborate celebration in the county was that of 
the town of Irvington on July 4, assuming the nature of a 
pageant. As explained in the introductory note in the pageant 
book, the promoters strove "to make it a community affair 
and widely representative as a freewill offering in entertain- 
ment. The pageant is offered free of charge and the invita- 
tion to our neighbors is general. It represents the hospitality 
of the town." 

The pageant was prepared by the historian, George S. 
Cottman, assisted by Mrs. Cottman. Miss Helene Hibben di- 
rected the dances. It was given in the afternoon very effect- 
ively in the Ellenberger Park or Woods, the presentation being 
marred only by the great crowds that pressed upon the pag- 
eant grounds. The following suggestive outline is reproduced 
from the pageant book: 

Scheme of the Pageant 

The pageant, written to meet the requirements of a large audience, 
aims at pictorial effects — at processional movements, rhythm, color and 
grouping. To this end symbolism is largely employed. The historical 
story is secondary and the slender thread that binds together the 
episodes runs thus: 

The admission of Indiana as a State. (1816.) 

The purchase from the Indians of the land where Irvington now 
stands. (1818.) 

The vanishing of the last red man and the coming of the first 
pioneers. (1821.) 

The origin of Irvington and the apotheosis of the men who in the 
founding impressed upon it the character that now distinguishes the 
town. (1873.) 

About these ideas is built the symbolism of the p'erformance. The 
spectator should bear in mind that the whole processional scheme was 
suggested by and is adapted to the exceptional forest vistas and ap- 
proaches afforded by the Ellenberger Woods. 

*For Governor Ralston's address in full, see Appendix p. 390. 



202 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

MARSHALL 

As is true with several other Indiana counties, Marshall 
owes much to the heroic spirit and undaunted courage of a 
woman for the good showing made in the observance of the 
state's centuryhood. Mrs. Phebe Thompson Willey accepted 
the county chairmanship as a sacred and honored charge and 
in that spirit did she fulfill her obligation. 

Though far from strong physically, she journeyed in per- 
son here and there over the county, addressing clubs and 
schools, conferring with representative citizens and arousing 
interest in the cause so dear to her. That her zeal bore fruit 
is attested by the number and high quality of the observances 
held in Marshall County. She seemed able to impart so thor- 
oughly her own fine appreciation of the year that little or 
nothing derogatory to that spirit seemed possible. Mrs. Wil- 
ley was present at the December conference of county chair- 
men at lEhe state house and doubtless got some inspiration 
therefrom. It is equally certain that her keen interest and 
enthusiasm were an inspiration to those with whom she came 
in contact as they faced the work of the coming year. 

As early as February, public spirited women began creat- 
ing Centennial public sentiment objectively. The Tippecanoe 
Chapter of the D. A. R. made at the town of Bourbon an ex- 
cellent exhibit of relics, heirlooms and a general array of 
articles illustrating the early household arts. 

The attention given the Centennial in the schools was 
based on local units rather than on county organization, 
though County Superintendent Steinbach is credited with 
having ably assisted Mrs. Willey in her work. He set aside 
December 11 as a day of general observance in the Marshall 
schools. All eighth grade pupils were required to submit 
themes on the early history of their respective townships be- 
fore certificates of promotion were issued. 

On April 15 the West school devoted a whole day to an 
appreciation of the year, in which the patrons joined. The 
entire school participated in some way, through the display 
of manuscripts on Indiana history, products, maps, drills, 
songs and recitations. The high school presented an original 
play prepared by the principal, W. A. Ross. 

The Plymouth schools made their contribution on the eve- 
ning of May 23 in a pageant dealing with Indiana history, in 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 203 

thirteen scenes, each presented by a grade or room. Celebra- 
tions were also reported by the Culver and Inwood schools 
and one at Bremen. 

The town of Culver held a celebration on July 27, for 
which Mrs. George Overmyer was largely responsible. In 
the forenoon there was a parade by the members of eleven 
Sunday schools, each school representing some phase of the 
work. In the afternoon, following a "grown up" parade, a 
series of drills and scenes was enacted illustrative of early 
history, including the battle of Tippecanoe portrayed by the 
Culver cadets. 

The Marshall County celebration was held at Plymouth 
August 6 to 10 with an adjourned chapter on August 17. 
The celebration was varied in character being representative 
and well balanced, and was participated in by people from all 
over the county. Day by day it was in outline as follows: 

August 6. — Union services at the M. E, Church, with an address 
by Rev. R. L. Ayers upon the subject of the religious progress of Mar- 
shall county. 

August 7. — Opening of a splendid historical exhibit of things old 
and interesting in the show windows of the business houses. Mrs. Willey 
considered this to be one of the best and most profitable features of the 
week's celebration. Band concert. 

August 8. — Sunday School Day. A processional pageant of the Sun- 
day schools of the county, a mile in length. Picnic dinner at Fair 
Grounds. Address by J. Shreve Durham. 

August 9. — Pioneer Day. Talks by oldest inhabitants. Presentation 
of a few of the surviving old settlers who came to county prior to 1840. 
Singing of old songs. In Evening — open air old-time melodies concert. 

August 10. — Child Welfare Exhibit, supplemented by lectures and 
illustrative moving pictures. The pageant, interrupted by rain, was 
given the following week, as was the industrial and historical parade. 

The Marshall County Pageant was prepared and directed 
by Miss Esther Kathleen O'Keefe of the Plymouth schools. It 
was in pantomime, about nine hundred people participating. 
No pageant book was issued and an intelligent reproduction 
is difficult in limited space. It was outlined as follows: 

Episode I 1816-1830 

Episode II 1830-1861 

Episode III 1861-1864 

Episode IV 1864-1916 

Distinctive features were: Removal of the Indians via 
''The Trail of Death;" spinning contest by twenty quaintly 



204 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

costumed young ladies; old tavern scene and dance; Culver 
Black Horse Troop in Civil War scene ; Fashion Show by one 
hundred girls, showing evolution of dress. 

The celebration was loyally supported by the citizens of 
Plymouth in a financial way, and its close showed a surplus of 
more than $500. Nearly $2,000 was received from the sale 
of pageant tickets. Ill health prior to the county observance 
prohibited Mrs. Willey from proceeding with the personal 
supervision of the plans she had outlined, which duties were 
assumed by U. S. Lemert. 

MARTIN 

No county-wide Centennial movement obtained in Martin 
County. A celebration was held however at Shoals in the 
first week in October. The first day, Sunday, was observed 
with two union services in local churches, with appropriate 
sermons by Rev. W. D. Sterrett and by Rev. C. C. Perrin. On 
the following forenoon addresses were delivered by these same 
gentlemen on the respective subjects, "Religion," and "Educa- 
tion in Indiana, past and present." In the afternoon W. K. 
Penrod, of Loogootee, spoke on "Indiana" and Mrs. Elizabeth 
Stanley, of Liberty, on "Home Life in Indiana." 

In connection with the celebration the film "Indiana" was 
given. An interesting display of pioneer relics was made at 
the local Carnegie Library. 

The other two days of the observance were nothing more 
nor less than political rallies. 

Carlos T. McCarty served as Martin's chairman. 

MIAMI 

"Our county is yet the home of the descendants of Indi- 
ans, who were the primitive people here. Among the early 
battles there was one on the Mississinewa river, a few miles 
east of Peru. Also a notable treaty with the Indians was 
concluded at the mouth of the Mississinewa river, where it 
empties into the Wabash about three miles east of Peru. 
Frances Slocum, the wife of one of the Miami war chiefs, is 
buried on the banks of the Wabash about four miles from 
here." 

Thus, in barest outline, did Claude Y. Andrews, Miami's 
Centennial Chairman, write to the Commission early in the 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 205 

year, suggesting some of the possibilities of a stirring and 
beautiful pageant. Few counties had a more distinctive and 
fertile field and no county made better use of an inviting op- 
portunity. As suggested above, the county was the very 
center of early Indian life and relations, both hostile and am- 
icable. Moreover, it held a romance, or tragedy, almost 
unique in Indian annals. It was the story of the abduction 
of a little Quaker maiden, almost a baby, by Delaware Indians 
who made a raid on the little settlement in the Wyoming val- 
ley of Pennsylvania, which was her home. A half century 
after, she was discovered in Miami County, Indiana, the white 
faced wife of an Indian chief, whose people had become her 
people. 

This was the rare subject-matter seized upon by Mr. An- 
drews for the Miami County Pageant, which he himself wrote. 
Furthermore an ideal setting for the pageant was at hand. 
At the very edge of Peru is a natural ampitheater of the com- 
manding proportions fitted for the Indian motif; sloping hill- 
sides as seating ground for the audience; opposite, wooded 
uplands and between and flanking the latter, a little valley. 
Here was given one of the most beautiful and compelling pag- 
eants of the year, and as a real community effort. 

It was entitled, "Ma-con-a-quah" (White Rose of the 
Miamis) as Frances Slocum was known by the Indians. One 
of the most impressive features was the rendition of the pro- 
logue parts by Rev. D. Lawrence Monahan, by whom they 
were written. As he stood out on the background of the 
night, it was as if a spirit had come to interpret the dim past 
in the light of the present. The prologue opened thus: 

Miami! What wealth of history 

This name suggests! Here in years 

A hundred past and more, 

The red forbears of your possessions 

Roamed the virgin wood, and called it Home. 

Here, in primal glory, ere white man's craft 

Had fashioned this, your city, lived we, the Miamis. 

Here fierce aggression found us out 

From savage Delaware; 

And painted Iroquois, with blood-lust rampant, 

Dyed the very ground on which you tread 

With blood of our brave warriors; 

Until for vengeance, we, the red men of the Valley 

Rose in fearful strength 



206 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

To smite our ancient foe, 

And blot them from the earth. 

Here on scenes of bloody conflict 

You come this night, to re-enact 

The story of our domain. 

Sweet content replaces olden bitterness. 

And kindly peace the enmities of yore. 

You are inheritors of the earth. 

We are gone — down into the vastness of the Past 

Crushed by civilization's onward march; 

With folded wigwams, toward the setting sun 

We have gone. 

Time has made us poor to make you rich, 

And naught remains of us but name and memory. 

But we have left a story rich in romance, 

The story of Ma-con-a-quah, 

You call her Frances Slocum, we, the White Rose. 

And in her story shall be reflected 

The history of your beginnings. 

Attend, ye people, while Present 

Turns back the page of Time 

And witness here the dawning of your City. 

The first scene was located in Wyoming Valley, Pennsyl- 
vania, 1778, and represented the abduction of the little 
Frances Slocum. 

The second episode consisted of symbolical dances, inter- 
pretive of the spirits of the primeval forest. Episode three 
brought the action to Miami County, representing in two 
parts, the coming of the Indians, one depicting the Indians in 
peace and the other in war. In this episode, Frances Slocum 
becomes the bride of the war chief, Shepoconah. Striking 
interest was contributed in the fact that the part was taken 
by Mabel Bundy Sausaman, a great granddaughter of Frances 
Slocum, whose auburn hair and fair features she inherits. 

The fourth episode represented the advent of the pioneer, 
and the fifth the destruction of Deaf Man's (Shepoconah's) 
village, which led to the battle of the Mississinewa. The 
sixth episode gave the treaty scene preliminary to the cession 
of the Indian lands, and then the Indian migration. The 
last episode, which treated of the settlement of the white 
people, reproduced the discovery of the White Rose of the 
Miamis, now an old woman, by her people. She steadfastly 
declined to return with them to the life to which she was born 
and they sorrowfully depart homeward. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 207 

In SO scant an outline hardly a suggestion of the strong 
appeal of the pageant can be given. It was primarily an 
Indian pageant, and to the writer's mind was the best and 
most vivid portrayal of this period of our history given in 
the State. He will never forget the deep impression made 
upon him by the scene portraying the departure of the In- 
dians for new and distant homes. Single file, out of the dark 
they came and into the dusk they went — a long, long line 
which seemed to have no end. A veritable nation passed into 
the dim unknown, making way for the ruthless demands of 
Progress. 

The pageant was directed by J. Ross Woodring of Peru. 
It was an artistic success and a financial one as well, as it 
paid, through a nominal admission fee, the expenses of the 
whole week's celebration. It was repeated for several days 
beyond the original schedule, in response to popular demand, 
and was widely attended by people from surrounding counties. 

The Miami observance opened on Sunday, August 13, with 
appropriate services in the churches. On Monday evening 
ceremonies were held marking the opening of the new orna- 
mental street lighting system, of which Peru was justly proud. 
A pleasing touch of symbolism marked the ceremonies, the 
latter being initiated by the arrival by canoe of the spirit of 
the Historic Past who was escorted to the court house where 
an interesting public colloquy took place between him and the 
mayor. 

Tuesday's program was unique, being known as Frances 
Slocum Day. Some years before, a big reunion of the Slocum 
family was held at Peru, attended by Slocum connections from 
many States. In response to an invitation to be present and 
participate in the county's celebration, another gathering of 
the clans was held. As guests of the county, the visitors were 
taken out to the Bundy cemetery where appropriate memorial 
and patriotic services were held before a large audience, ad- 
dresses being made by members of the Slocum family, includ- 
ing Mrs. Sausaman, and by one or two others. The success 
of the day was due largely to Omer Holman, who has done 
more than any one else to preserve the Frances Slocum tra- 
dition. 

The three succeeding days were known as Township and 
Civic, Fraternal and Industrial days, respectively, on which 



208 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

parades took place. Throughout the week a splendid pioneer 
relic exhibit was on display in the court house, arranged by- 
Hal C. Phelps, making an excellent nucleus for a county 
museum. 

The Miami county celebration was a real historic observ- 
ance, free from sham, and was of outstanding merit. 

Prior to the county observance, two or three township 
celebrations took place, including those of Jefferson and Clay. 

The work in the schools of the county was apparently not 
very far-reaching, little if anything being done before Ad- 
mission Day, apart from the assigning of an essay on local 
history to grade children. The schools did not take a very 
active part in the county observance. 

Mrs. John Crume rode in the Centennial Cavalcade for 
Miami County. 

MONROE 

The importance and significance of the Centennial observ- 
ance in Monroe County does not in any way rest upon a county 
basis. Indeed, while the prevailing scheme of organization 
was followed in the naming of a County Chairman in the 
person of Oscar H. Williams of the University, little or no at- 
tempt was made to identify the whole county with the move- 
ment. The Centennial activities carried on in Monroe County 
were of state-wide significance — were in a peculiar way a part 
of the state celebration and were so recognized. 

In a very large way the Centennial movement took its 
form and received its inspiration from the seat of Indiana's 
university. In anticipation of the year, the university 
brought to its summer school of 1915, William Chauncy Lang- 
don, first president of the American Pageant Association, to 
sow the seeds of pageantry in the virgin soil of the Hoosier 
State. Few knew aught of the new art and Mr. Langdon's 
classroom v/as not crowded. Little recked he. With a few 
eager disciples about him, he v/alked and talked 'neath the 
academic fronds, conveying vision and inspiration to those 
who v/ere so largely to give form to the Centennial spirit. 

When, some months later, Mr. Langdon was chosen by 
the State Historical Commission as State Pageant Master, it 
was, with the understanding that his work should begin at 
Bloomington. There he carried on an intensive study of In- 




(209) 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 211 

diana history, character and institutions, as a basis for his 
interpretation of the motive forces and spirit of the common- 
wealth, which he would portray in pageant form. The first 
fruit of this study was the pageant of Bloomington and In- 
diana University, presented May 16 to 19 inclusive. 

The importance of this pageant in the development of 
the Centennial idea can hardly be overemphasized. In the 
first place, it was, for Indiana, the model pageant. The 
quickly contagious eagerness for pageantry on the part of 
Centennial enthusiasts, represented zeal without knowledge. 
The Bloomington pageant gave that knowledge. From all 
over the State journeyed those upon whose shoulders rested 
the responsibility of local celebrations. It would be idle to 
imply that they thus learned the art of pageantry. But they 
were able to catch its spirit, to discern something of its funda- 
mentals, to get a vision of its possibilities. They went home 
with an inspiration and the result was to be traced in many 
a county in pageants well worthy of the model. 

The Bloomington pageant gave tone, dignity and beauty 
to the Centennial idea, which were far-reaching in conse- 
quence. The serious, patriotic purpose of the observance was 
so emphasized as to make an indelible impression upon all who 
saw and heard. The regret is that the representation of the 
counties could not have been more complete and general, in 
which case the State would have been spared not a few trav- 
esties on the name. Centennial. 

It v/as fitting that the first pageant should represent the 
educational development of the State, so well expressive of the 
basis of state progress, and focusing in its university. It was 
there, too, that Mr. Langdon uncovered talent which was to 
be no little factor in expressing the spirit of the year. Ap- 
propriate music is an integral part of pageantry, and herein 
Mr. Langdon had the invaluable assistance of Prof. Charles 
Diven Campbell of the university, who composed the music 
for the pageant; more particularly the stirring music for 
"The Hymn to Indiana," written by Mr. Langdon, and which 
became the uplifting Centennial refrain of the State. 

In yet another striking way was this pageant a model. 
It was indeed the pageant of Bloomington and Indiana Uni- 
versity — a pageant of town and gown. It fully justified its 
claims as the promoter of community consciousness and unity. 



212 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

"It brought the community and University into closer and 
more helpful and appreciative relationship than at any time 
in their history," reports the County Chairman. 

OUTLINE OF THE PAGEANT 
I Introduction: The Pioneers 

1. The Settling of Bloomington (1818). 

2. The Indiana Seminary (1820). 

3. The Installation of President Andrew Wylie (1829). 

II Light and Truth 

4. The Hoosier Opposition (1850). 

5. North and South (1861). 

6. The New Regime (1883). 

Ill The Age of Wood and Stone 

7. The City Schools. 

8. The Chamber of Commerce. 

9. The Service of the State. 

IV Finale: Centennial 

Manifestly, it is impossible so to amplify or clothe the 
above outline as to give adequate impression of the finished 
production. We do reproduce, however, the "Introduction : 
The Pioneers," since it sets forth so well the spirit of the 
pageant and the masterful blending of symbolism and realism 
in introducing the dramatic portrayal of the life of the Com- 
monwealth. 

Introduction: The Pioneers 

The full orchestra sounds forth fortissimo the theme of The Hymn 
to Indiana, based on the chief motif of the pageant, the Indiana motif. 
When this is once clearly stated, the music immediately passes to the 
Hope motif. Coming as in answer to the call in the music, the spirits 
of Hope appear in the far background emerging from among the trees, 
running forward and stopping to listen eagerly, then calling, singing 
with a mere vocable the simple Hope motif. They are young women 
in blue, blue as of the sky flashing as with light, ever changing and ir- 
ridescent. From all the arc of the background they come in ever in- 
creasing numbers, converging as they approach. 

When they have come near enough for their mass to dominate the 
scene, there is heard clearly in the orchestra the motif of Determination, 
and there come in answer from either side of the grand stand the spirits 
of Determination, young men in some one deep, rich forceful color such 
as simple purple. They advance more in mass, more slowly, in a slower 
rhythm. They stop at intervals as they advance and answer the call of 
the spirits of Hope, replying to them similarly in a lower tone, singing. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 213 

calling back and forth, and approaching nearer and nearer to each 
other, the spirts of Hope for the most part advancing but a little, while 
the spirits of Determination with strong, bold steps advance directly 
toward them, till they meet and join in a whirling dance of exquisite joy- 
ousness, the music of which is based on the two motifs of Hope and De- 
termination, the one rapidly sweeping free as air through all the range 
of music in the strings and woodwind, while the other moves strong 
and inflexible in the brass. The motion of the dance corresponds in the 
two groups. 

While this dance still continues, there comes, almost intrudes, into 
the music a new motif, essentially human, the motif of the Pioneers. 
It increases rapidly until it subordinates the other two motifs. The 
spirits feel the interruption and stop to find the source of the new ele- 
ment. They turn their search toward the woods to the southeast. 
There they see a procession of Pioneers making their way slowly, pain- 
fully, with great difficulty along. They are men, women, and children, 
mostly on foot, a few on horseback, one or two driving oxen. Those in 
front are clad in buckskin, jeans, and linsey woolsey; those behind near 
the end of the procession are dressed as of the first part of the nine- 
teenth century. When the spirits of Hope see the Pioneers they raise 
their arms to them to cheer them on and sing their call to them. The 
Pioneers, seeing and hearing them, take courage and plod on. The 
spirits of Determination then also give their motif call and the Pioneers 
respond, repeating it. 

Breaking in upon this encouragement, discordant Indian phrases are 
heard in the music. From the two sides of the little wooded ravine 
along which Pioneers come there pour stealthily down on them bands of 
Indians attacking them with ferocity, yelling the war-whoop, shooting 
their arrows, and brandishing their tomahawks. The Pioneers resolute- 
ly draw together to resist, and struggle to make their way on toward 
their goal. The spirits of Determination rush forward to the rescue. 
They divide into two lines to protect both sides of the Pioneers, and some 
of the spirits of Hope rush down between and mingle with the men, 
women and children of the Pioneers, cheering them and encouraging 
them, as the spirits of Determination help the men to repel and drive 
off the Indians. The rest of the spirits of Hope remain where they 
were, near the orchestra, singing their call of Hope constantly with the 
music of the orchestra. 

As the contest goes on more and more successfully, the Indiana 
motif mingles more and more distinctly with the other motifs in the 
orchestra and the Indian phrases disappear, until the Pioneers come on 
again, successful and enheartened, escorted by the spirits of Hope and 
Determination, the music now opulent with the motif of Indiana. 

As they arrive at the nearer grounds the spirits point to the uni- 
versity, and the Pioneers all turn to see the vision toward which they 
press, as the orchestra swings full and strong into the Hymn to Indiana, 
and the chimes in the university tower join in the melody also. At the 
same time the symbolic figure of the State of Indiana, attended by the 
figures of the city of Bloomington and of the university, appear on 



214 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

the slope to the gaze of the Pioneers. Thus escorted now by all the 
spirits singing their motifs, the Pioneers proceed on their way, ac- 
claiming with outstretched arms the future, women lifting their babies 
to see and men doffing their coonskin caps and beavers and pointing the 
children to the vision of their ideals. So they pass on and out, the music 
closing with the plain statement of the Indiana theme as in the Hymn. 

As for the body of the pageant, the outHne of episodes sug- 
gests its progress, the founding of the university town, the 
estabhshing the old seminary, forerunner of the university, 
the Hoosier opposition to higher education, the stirring times 
of '61, followed by a steady development. The outline can- 
not suggest, however, some of the very effective incidents in- 
troduced which characterize so graphically the life of the 
early period — such for instance as that of the camp meeting 
repentance of the "tough" young man brought within range 
of the eloquence and magnetism of Lorenzo Dow. 

Neither can the outline suggest the largeness, the dignity 
of treatment of the motif as shown in the introduction to 
Part II, Light and Truth, as shown in the following: 

Light and Truth 

With sudden and piercing brilliance the orchestra strikes instantly 
into a motif suggestive of clear Light in the strings accented with the 
cymbals and maybe the high brass. As suddenly there appears at the 
top of the slope the figure of Light — not merely physical, but intellectual 
and spiritual as well. He shines in white radiance and carries in his 
right hand a great torch. He stands on the crest of the hill near the 
Observatory and calls to men to come and receive the fire of Light and 
Truth. 

Light: Light! Light! Light! Light! Ye Men of all the Earth 
Who dwell throughout the range of Time and Space 
Arise! Arise from out the lower plane 
Whereon you live! Bring forth the unlit torch 
Of life! Receive the fire of Light and Truth! 

In response to the call of Light there comes from one side of the 
grand stand the figure of the Hebrew race, followed by several men of 
learning and inspiration of that race, Moses, David, and Isaiah. In close 
sequence from the other side there comes the figure of Greece, followed 
by Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle; then Rome, followed by Caesar, Virgil, 
and Cicero. To each racial figure the Light inclines his torch and thei-e- 
by lights its torch and says to them as they open their books: 

Light: Reveal the light! Unveil the truth! 
Except by these dare not to live! 
Except for these dare not to die! 
Go forth upon thy way! 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 215 

As these withdraw and take their places a little down the slope, 
there come in turn from either side the Arabians and the Monastic 
Learning of the Middle Ages ; and then, coming from both sides, a larger 
group representing the Renaissance. They join as they go up through 
the center of the other groups, who welcome them as the heirs of all 
alike. To these also the figure of Light inclines his torch and addresses 
his exhortation in briefer form: 

Light: Reveal the light! Unveil the truth! 

Almost immediately following the Renaissance group, yet distinct 
from it, come two figures representing the University of Oxford and 
Cambridge, together from the same side. They go along the way the 
Renaissance group has gone, up through the middle, and as they ap- 
proach the Light, the Renaissance group divides to welcome them among 
them and to introduce them to the Light. Herewith the music in the 
orchestra returning to the first clear form of the Light motif in the 
strings and cymbals works up to a first climax, marking the completion 
of the first, the European stage of the development. 

As the universities of Oxford and Cambridge turn round there enter 
people of the American Colonies — Puritans from New England, Mer- 
chants from New York, Quakers from Pennsylvania, and Cavaliers from 
Virginia. They stand in two great groups near the grand stand, gazing 
at the academic tableaux before them. To them, one on either side, the 
universities of Oxford and Cambridge go down, and from them bring 
the earlier American universities — Harvard, William and Mary, Yale, 
Brown, Pennsylvania, Princeton — and escort them up the slope to the 
Light. These in turn go back and take their places in front of their 
own people. 

As this proceeds, a number of Hoosier backwoodsmen, hunters and 
pioneers, men, women and children, come together in the center. Some 
of the eastern people join them. They stand far down by the grand 
stand in the center. To them the figure of Light calls: 

Light: Intrepid Indiana men, arise! 

Raise high the torch that guides your feet from birth 

To death along your trails and streams. Be all 

Your ways with radiance filled, with Light! With Light! 

At once, in answer to his call, there comes recurrent in the music 
the Indiana motif, and from among the pioneers there enters the State 
of Indiana. She advances part way up the slope and says that there is 
among these frontier people no university or means for spreading the 
light, but that she will herself supply the need and create anew, a State 
University. 

State of Indiana : No torch sheds light, no volume shines for these ; 
But I, the State, will for them well provide! 
The Torch! The book! The child! The robes and 
shield ! 

At her call for the torch and the book, two of those who have come 
from the east bring them. At her call for the child, a circuit rider and 
a pioneer lead forward to her a child dressed only in the tunic. When 

13—15997 



216 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

the robes and the shield are brought to her, she robes the child in them, 
hangs the shield on her shoulder, and gives her the torch and the book. 
As all the Hoosiers raise their arms in acclamation, the State of Indiana 
leads the child up to the Light. He lights the torch and opens the book 
of the new State University, repeating in full the exhortation: 

Light: Reveal the light! Unveil the truth! 

Except for these dare not to live! Except for these 
Dare not to die! Go forth upon thy way! 

The State of Indiana turns the child around and presents her to the 
people of the State, who acclaim their State and their University with 
shouts sung on the Indiana motif with the words: 

All : All hail, Indiana hail ! 

The music sweeps into a brilliant, ecstatic march built on the In- 
diana and the Light motifs, strong and clear, full orchestra. To a con- 
tinuation of this march the academic groups descend the slope and go out 
at the base of the hill: first the ancient and mediaeval races, then the 
universities of Oxford and Cambridge and the earlier American univer- 
sities, followed by their people. The people of Indiana go forward to 
meet their State and the child University; then return and go out with 
them. The music returns to the clear intense music of pure Light with 
which the Interlude began, mainly in the strings and cymbals. The 
figure of Light vanishes whence he came, to this music. 

Finale : Centennial. 

The orchestra bursts into the Light music as the figure of Light 
raises his torch high, goes to the top of the slope, as a signal to the 
people of all the past to return. From both sides of the grand stand 
they pour in singing. At the same time the spirits of Hope and Deter- 
mination sweep out into a circle on the horizon. 

THE HYMN TO INDIANA. 

To Heaven raise thy star-crowned head, 

Superb Indiana! 
Thy future to glory wed 

Through toil! Praise God! Hosanna! 

Arise ! Stand ! Strive ! 

Thy faith revive! 

With courage and decision 

Press onward toward thy vision! 

Arise! Firm! True! 
Thy strength renew! 
God prosper thy gages 
To serve the coming ages! 

To Heaven raise thy star-crowned head, 

Superb Indiana! 
Thy future to glory wed 

Through toil! Praise God! Hosanna! 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 217 

Sounding abruptly in the orchestra are heard the first six notes of 
The Star Spangled Banner as a trumpet call. Indiana turns around and 
points far off where in the distance is seen America coming on horse- 
back, attended by the other States of the old Northwest Territory — 
Ohio, Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin. America rides a white horse and 
is robed in white; she carries on her left shoulder the Shield of the 
United States and in her right hand the American Flag. The States 
ride dark colored horses, and wear the Shields of their Seals, but do not 
carry flags, as having no sovereignty in Indiana. All the people of the 
pageant turn in the direction whence America is coming and raise their 
hands in acclaim. A Pioneer and a Man of 1816 bring Indiana a horse. 
She mounts, takes from the City her State Flag, and rides forth to meet 
America. When she approaches her, Indiana stops and inclines her 
flag in salute, an honor which America acknowledges by inclining the 
American flag. Indiana then rides back with America, to the left and 
a little behind her. 

As America approaches the top of the slope near the Observatory, 
the orchestra plays The Star Spangled Banner in salutation, and all the 
spirits of Hope and Determination sweep forward until they are quite 
near. Then all the people join in singing The Hymn to America. 

America still seated on her horse raises her flag, and all the people 
kneel and sing, kneeling, the prayer stanza of the hymn "America." 

All rise, and the music playing the Hymn to Indiana, march in 
heavy massed column out before America, Indiana, the other States, 
the City, and the University, into the future, in the direction whence 
America came. The figure of Light leads the way. The spirits of Hope 
and Determination converge on the moving column of the people of the 
pageant and march out with them. When all have passed, the central 
group comes down toward the grand stand and passes out to the south 
by the wood road. 

MONTGOMERY 

A big man with a big vision led the Centennial hosts of 
Montgomery County to an observance which, in its high pur- 
pose, its wide extent and its grasp upon the whole citizen- 
ship, was not excelled by any county in the State and equalled 
by very few. L. N. Hines, superintendent of the Crawfords- 
ville schools, was the man of the hour. His strength lay, 
first, in his thorough appreciation of the significance and pos- 
sibilities of the year; second, in his ability to lay plans for 
the realization of the latter; and third, in his great capacity 
for organization. 

Mr. Hines did not have the eleventh-hour idea of prepara- 
tion — of letting things rest blissfully quiet for fear of "drag- 
ging it out too long," and then rushing a celebration through 
in a few weeks. He had a complete county organization ef- 



218 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

fected and ready for work early in the spring, but began 
working toward it in November when he succeeded in getting 
together nearly one hundred people from over the county to 
consider plans for a real county observance. Mr. Hines was 
one of the leaders in the December conference of county chair- 
men at Indianapolis, and the following week secured State 
Pageant Master W. C. Langdon to deliver an address on pag- 
eantry before his county-v/ide committee. 

There are several features in connection with the Cen- 
tennial movement in Montgomery that stand out prominently. 
One was the degree to which the v/hole county became deeply 
interested and co-operative. The movement reached to the 
four corners of Montgomery and seemed to be as dominant 
there as at its center. Resulting from this was the very 
successful county pageant, the first of the kind to be put on 
in the State. Another feature was the splendid cooperation 
of the schools and their unusually ambitious and appropriate 
programs of observance. Another, the hearty co-operation of 
college and county in a common patriotic purpose. And be- 
hind all was the splendid support given the local organization 
and the State Commission by the Montgomery County news- 
papers, such as the Revieiv and Journal of Crawfordsville, the 
Waynetown Dispatch, the Ladoga Leader, and New Richmond 
Record. Taking the county as a whole, no better work was 
done by the press anywhere. 

Through the observance day in the schools on March 3, 
the whole county was stirred with Centennial enthusiasm. So 
much so that Montgomery may be said to have had two peri- 
ods of celebration — that in March and the one in June. 

To begin with, the observance made by the Crawfordsville 
schools was most thoroughgoing, artistic and impressive, in- 
cluding the kindergarten grades and the high school. As an 
indication of the general interest displayed, on the afternoon 
of the preceding day, the schoolboys put on a parade through 
the downtown streets, dressed as Indians, scouts and soldiers, 
and accompanied by a drum corps. 

In some of the city schools, the rooms gave individual 
programs, consisting, some of patriotic playlets, some of reci- 
tations and exercises, others of the reading of pioneer stories, 
the playing of old-fashioned games, the dancing of the Minuet 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 219 

by the kindergarteners and the Virginia Reel by the older 
children, and in one school, a talk on early Crawfordsville 
history was given and the account of its own history read. 
Walls were adorned with portraits of Indiana's eminent edu- 
cators, authors and statesmen, while pioneer relics were dis- 
played in the halls. High school girls gave what proved to 
be a most popular representation of "Commencement Days 
in Miss Starr's Female Seminary," Crawfordsville's early 
educational institution. So much interest was thus aroused 
in this pioneer school that one of the city schools has been 
given the name "Canby," by which the old Seminary was 
known. As an aftermath of the Crawfordsville school cele- 
bration, a combination of the best features was arranged in 
the way of a public entertainment which was given two pre- 
sentations a few days later in Music Hall, attracting large 
audiences. 

The Centennial enthusiasm thus indicated was reflected 
throughout the schools of the county. As examples. New 
Richmond gave a program covering state, county and town- 
ship history and including a reminiscent talk by the town- 
ship's oldest man, James C. Vaughan, all supplemented by a 
relic exhibit. In the forenoon at Ladoga, the grades repro- 
duced scenes of early Indiana life. In the afternoon the high 
school students gave an excellent program, including papers 
on the founding and naming of Ladoga, with later chapters 
in its history and the reading of some typical Commencement 
essays, given at the Ladoga Normal about 1860. Some of the 
titles were : 'Taddle Your Own Canoe," "Glory of the Past" 
and "The March of the Mind." Waynetown gave six scenes 
of old-time amusements and a historical pantomime of Indi- 
ana and Montgomery County. Longviev/ gave a little Indi- 
ana play and enjoyed intimate historical talks by citizens. 
Patrons and pupils at Waveland enjoyed a Community din- 
ner, followed by an appropriate program. Programs similar 
to those here noted were presented at New Ross, New Market, 
Mace and other points. 

On April 14, 15 and 16, Brown township conducted a cele- 
bration at Waveland, the big event of which was an indoor 
pageant or historical drama, given on the first two days. The 
following is a brief synopsis : 



220 



THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 



Episode I 1816-1827 
Scene 1. An Indian Camp — Tableau — The Coming of the first White 

Man. 
Scene 2. The old Wayside Tavern — Fairview — Mi-. Moore, proprietor, 

and some of his neighbors. 
Scene 3. Same — Arrival of William Henry Harrison en route to Lafay- 
ette — Young pioneers, trappers, aristocrats, etc., having a 

good time. 
Scene 4. A Quilting Bee — Pioneer Women spend a social afternoon and 

combine work and pleasure. 
Scene 5. A Corn Shucking — While their wives quilt the men help with 

the husking at the barn. When both tasks are finished the 

women join the men in an old-time party. 

Episode II 1827-1855 
Scene 1. Organization of the first Church — A Methodist class was or- 
ganized at the home of Mrs. Jane McCormick in 1827. 
Scene 2. An Old Time School, 1835. 
Scene 3. A Home Scene. 
Scene 4. Organizing a Temperance Society, 1840. 

Episode III 1855-1875 
Scene 1. The Underground Railroad — A home scene in which a slave is 

helped to freedom. 
Scene 2. An Enlisting Scene — Citizens at John Milligan's store — An 

Enlisting Ofiicer arrives and many enlist. 
Scene 3. Tenting on the Old Camp Ground. 
Scene 4. Singing School. 
Scene 5. Finale. 

On April 15 the old settlers and home-coming idea was 
emphasized and on Sunday, Centennial services were held in 
the churches of the township. 

In addition to what was done on March 3, Waynetown fur- 
ther observed the Centennial in connection with the closing 
days of its school. April 25 was announced as a special day 
of celebration, known as "Old Folks Day," with an address 
by the venerable ex-Congressman Mike White, of Crawfords- 
ville. On the closing day, April 28, another Centennial pro- 
gram was put on by the Waynetown school. 

With some interesting preliminary features on Friday and 
Saturday, June 9 and 10, including one of the very first show- 
ings of the historical moving picture, "Indiana," the first big 
day of the Montgomery County Centennial Celebration was 
Sunday, June 11. In the morning, fitting services were held 
in the churches of city and county, while in the afternoon, a 
union meeting was held on the Wabash College Campus, ad- 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 221 

dressed by Rev. Morton C. Pearson, secretary of the Indian- 
apolis Church Federation, upon the subject, 'The ReHgious 
Life of the Commonwealth." 

On Monday forenoon, addresses were given on the college 
campus by Miss Charity Dye, of Indianapolis, on "The Great 
Undertow," and by Lew M. O'Bannon, of Corydon, on "The 
Meaning of the Indiana Centennial," both being members of 
the State Commission. In the afternoon occurred an indus- 
trial and civic parade and in the evening an old-time melodies 
concert by the massed brass bands of the county. 

The dedication of a memorial tablet, marking the site of 
the first ¥/abash College building, took place Tuesday morn- 
ing, followed by a reunion of all persons who taught school in 
Montgomery county more than thirty years ago. The after- 
noon was declared a holiday for the first performance of the 
county pageant, in Crawford's Woods. 

Flag Day exercises were held on the morning of June 14, 
with an address by Hon. James E. Watson, and the dedica- 
tion of Milligan Park, in charge of Mayor W. C. Murphy and 
city officials, in the early afternoon. The second performance 
of the pageant was to have followed, but rain compelled a 
postponement until the following day. An exhibit of relics 
was made throughout the celebration, in charge of the wom- 
en's organizations, led by the D. A. R. In passing it 
should be remarked that in the course of the year, practically 
all the clubs of the county had Centennial programs and cele- 
brations. 

Much could be said for the pageant, a big community en- 
terprise in v/hich the whole county participated. Several had 
to do with its writing and arrangement, prominent among 
them, Prof. G. M. Miller of Wabash College. Prof. D. D. 
Haines, also of the College, had the difficult task of organiz- 
ing and directing it. Although at great expense in pro- 
ducing it, had the weather been propitious on Wednesday, 
allowing an extra performance on Thursday, the committee 
would doubtless have paid out. As it was, a deficit of some- 
thing more than eight hundred dollars resulted. This fact 
kept Montgomery from making the showing it otherwise 
would have made on County Day of the state celebration. 
Miss Katheryn Picket represented the county in the Caval- 
cade, however. 



222 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The theme and organization of the pageant is well ex- 
plained in its Introduction : 

Four things have combined to characterize and to individualize the 
life of Montgomery County — first, its remarkable progress in agricul- 
ture; second, its excellent provision for the education of its own chil- 
dren and its dominating influence on the educational agencies of the 
whole State; third, its unsurpassed contribution to the success of our 
arms in the Indian, the Mexican and the Civil Wars; and fourth, its 
equally remarkable contributions to the national literature which grew 
up in the West after the War. These four themes — Agriculture, Educa- 
tion, Patriotism, and Literature — dominate the whole pageant. In every 
scene of every episode some one or other of these four great themes holds 
sway. 

The five great Episodes in the pageant stand for the five great 
stages in the development of the community. Episode I presents the 
Indians in their primeval forest home and foretells at the end their in- 
evitable dispossession by the white men. Episode II brings the pioneers, 
who set about their heroic tasks of clearing the forests and establishing 
the conditions for civilization. Episode III shows characteristic public 
activities of the community in its development from the era of settle- 
ment to the Civil War. Episode IV is devoted wholly to the great crisis 
of the Rebellion. Episode V pictures the development of the community 
since the War, showing not only our great achievements in a material 
way, but also our unique accomplishments in the fine art of litei-ature. 

Introducing and concluding the diff^erent episodes is a series of 
pantomimes and symbolic dances, which serve to interpret the spirit of 
some stage in the development of the community or the force of one of 
the four great themes on which the pageant is founded. Introducing 
the whole pageant is the symbolic Masque of "Montamin," a dramatic 
embodiment of an Indian legend of creation. 

OUTLINE OF THE PAGEANT 

Opening Dance and Masque. 

The Birth of the Indian Race. 

Dance — The Indian Spirits. 

Invocation to the Gods of the Indians for fertility of the fields. 

Masque — Montamin, the Maize. 

Episode I — The Indian. 

Scene 1 — Indians in the Primeval Forest. Scene 2 — The Little Lost 
One. Scene 3 — The Decree of the White Man. 

Interlude I — The Spirit of Civilization. 

Episode II — The Pioneer. 

Scene 1 — The Surveyors. Scene 2 — The Coming of William Offield. 
Scene 3 — The Settlers and the Speculators. Scene 4 — The Naming of 
Crawfordsville. Scene 5 — The Land Sale. Scene 6 — The Founding of 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 223 

Wabash College. Scene 7 — The Quilting Bee, the Shooting Match, the 
Loud School and the Black Hawk War. 

Interlude II — The Country Dance. 

Episode III — The Youth of the County. 
Scene 1 — The Mexican War. Scene 2 — The Seminaries and Caleb 
Mills. Scene 3 — The Underground Railroad. 

Interlude III — Dance of the States — War. 

Episode IV— The Civil War. 
Scene 1 — Enlistment and Wabash College Class of 1862. Scene 2 — 
News from the Front. 

Interlude IV — The North and the South — Peace. 

Episode V — Later Days. 
Scene 1 — Lew Wallace and "Ben-Hur." Scene 2 — Maui'ice Thomp- 
son and "Alice of Old Vincennes." Scene 3— The Return of Offield. 
Interlude V — Dance of the Wheat and the Corn. 

Finale — Prophecy of the Future. Columbia, Indiana, Attendants, 
Spirits of Agriculture, Patriotism, Education and Literature. Children 
and Indiana. "America." 

The names of the Executive Committee, and those of the 
Chairmen of the township committees, are here given as the 
names of the leaders in the ideal Centennial observance made 
by Montgomery County. 

Executive Committee, L. N. Hines, Mayor W. C. Murphy, 
Jas. D. Wilson, Mark Shackelford, Dumont Kennedy, E. M. 
Brown, Dumont Peck, Mrs. James Waugh. 

Chairmen of township committees : Brown, Walter Suth- 
erHn; Clark, Mark Shackelford; Coal Creek, James D. Wil- 
son; Franklin, Mrs. Siloam Craig; Madison, Prof. B. G. 
Keicher; Ripley, Troy Davis; Scott, Thomas J. Byrd; Sugar 
Creek, J. E. Dunbar; Union, Floyd Welch; Walnut, Charles L. 
Lauthers ; Wayne, John W. Shuler. 

MORGAN 

The Centennial hopes of Morgan County were hung to the 
Martinsville Commercial Club, which failed to deliver. The 
Club's president accepted the county chairmanship but virtu- 
ally shouldered the responsibility on to the paid secretary. 
The latter couldn't see the need of careful preparation and as 
late as April 16, 1916, deprecated laying plans "so far in ad- 
vance" but assured the Commission that "Morgan county and 
Martinsville will do themselves proud — and don't you forget 



224 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

it." It wasn't the Commission that forgot. But that was 
the last ever heard of a Morgan County celebration. The 
said Commercial Club elected a new president who knew not 
the Centennial, and Morgan County w'as not! 

Some interest in the anniversary was manifested in 
Mooresville and had the Commission begun efforts there in- 
stead of looking to the county seat, the county would probably 
have been represented in the patriotic observance of the year. 
We are willing to give Mooresville and the county at large 
the benefit of the doubt. 

NEWTON 

Newton County's observance took place at Kentland on 
September 14, and consisted of the marching and singing of 
school children in the forenoon, of an address by Ex-Gover- 
nor Chase Osborn of Michigan in the afternoon, and of a dis- 
play of fire works in the evening. A fine display of pioneer 
relics was made in the show windows of the business houses of 
the town. Carroll C. Kent, a son of the founder of Kent- 
land, acted as chairman, with George Ade serving him as 
first lieutenant. 

NOBLE 

Practically nothing is reported from this county, and so 
far as known little recognition of the year was made. The 
Commission was unable to get a Centennial movement 
launched in Noble. 

On December 8, the schools of Kendallville gave a miscel- 
laneous patriotic and historical program in recognition of 
Indiana's admission into the Union. The schools of Albion 
gave a patriotic Indiana program on the eleventh. 

OHIO 

The smallest county in the State hid its Centennial talent 
in a napkin. In 1914 Ohio County celebrated its own Cen- 
tennial anniversary, but made no effort to observe that of the 
Commonwealth. Although the chairman, S. M. Seward, is 
the editor and publisher of a newspaper at Rising Sun, almost 
no publicity was given the Centennial year and its widespread 
activities. In short, the significance of 1916 was all but un- 
noticed in Ohio County. A patriotic program is reported 
as having been given on December 11 by rooms 7 and 8 of 
the public school of Rising Sun. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 225 



ORANGE 



After having announced a county celebration for the first 
week of September, to which ex-residents of Orange County 
were looking forward with interest, the county committee, 
headed by Jesse M, Trinkle, announced the first of August 
that no such celebration would be held. Instead, a fair and 
carnival was put on, to which historical flavor was given by 
the presentation of the history film "Indiana." Credit must 
at least be given the committee for not dubbing the carnival 
with the name of Centennial Celebration. 

Some programs of a Centennial nature were given in the 
schools, in which Indiana history was stressed. Orange 
County was represented by Miss Alice Atkinson in the Cen- 
tennial Cavalcade at Indianapolis on County Day, when a 
good representation of its citizens were in attendance. On 
the whole, however, no adequate work was done in the county 
and accordingly little impression was made upon its citizen- 
ship. 

OWEN 

In one very definite way at least, Owen County became 
identified with the Centennial movement. In the purchase 
of McCormick's Creek Canyon, a scenic asset of Owen, the 
first unit in the new state park system was secured, and 
toward this end the citizens of the county cooperated loyally, 
providing one-third of the purchase cost. 

There was not the systematic work done in Owen County 
that was found in many others, but it made a very good show- 
ing, under the leadership of C. L. Ooley, Superintendent of 
the Spencer city schools. The women's clubs and fraternal 
organizations gave some attention to Indiana history and pre- 
sented Centennial programs. A county historical society was 
organized and a room secured in the court house as a society 
home. 

On October 5th and 6th, a pageant was given at Spencer, 
written and directed by Carl Anderson, publisher of the Owen 
County Leader. Three hundred people took part and por- 
trayed in a graphic way the history of the county and State. 
The pageant was most simple in outline, whereby it could 
scarcely be distinguished from many others given in the State. 
As a matter of fact, it had a distinct individuality and a 



226 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

flavor all its own. Its arrangement was artistic and its sub- 
ject-matter displayed a sympathetic understanding of the his- 
tory portrayed. 

Episode I dealt with Indian life, and the coming of the 
whites, and, while presented in pantomime, gave a vivid and 
discerning portrayal. The rest of the pageant was a spoken 
one, action being supported with dialogue. It was well writ- 
ten, and interpreted ably the events set forth. Episode II 
had to do with the establishment of the county and the build- 
ing of the county-seat at Spencer. Episode III was "Rally 
Round the Flag" and presented vividly the days of '61-'65 in 
a typical county-seat Hoosier neighborhood. Episode IV, 
Past and Present, was a clever adaptation of Rip Van Winkle 
for the purpose of showing the development of Spencer. 

The pageant was supplemented by a display of historic 
relics. 

PARKE 

It is a difficult question as to what can be said for some 
counties. As regards Parke County, the difficulty comes in 
finding anything that cannot be said in commendation. The 
Director of the State Commission is loath to assign first hon- 
ors unreservedly to any one county, but is free to say that 
Parke is fully abreast of the half dozen leaders. As is so 
often the case, the reason, at least one of the chief reasons, 
is a woman — a patriotic, high-minded, conscientious and selt- 
sacrificing woman. When Mrs. Rufus Dooley accepted the 
County Chairmanship, the success of the Parke County Cen- 
tennial was abundantly assured. 

With her, the chairmanship was a sacred trust and a deep 
responsibility. With this feeling, combined with a contagious 
loyalty for her county, she set about her task. Step by step, 
supported by a band of loyal helpers v/hich gathered about 
her, she organized the county, laid her plans, and saw them 
steadily mature to fruition. The office of the State Commis- 
sion soon learned that an appeal to her for cooperation would 
meet a hearty response. From the time of her appointment 
in September 1915, until the sun set on December 31, 1916, 
Mrs. Dooley was on the job and always master of the situa- 
tion. It is for such service as she rendered that the Indiana 
Centennial will long be remembered. 

As a Centennial New Year's greeting, the following was 



• COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 227 

issued from the office of the Indiana Historical Commission 
and sent to the state press: 

As the conclusion of her excellent toast at the County Centennial 
Chairman dinner at Indianapolis, December 3d, Mrs. Rufus Dooley of 
Parke County read with fine eifect the verses below. They are adapted 
from a poem, "Work — A Song of Triumph," by Angela Morgan and pub- 
lished in the Outlook of December 2d of last year. We offer them to 
the loyal, busy citizens of Indiana as a greeting and a challenge on the 
eve of our Centennial year. We offer them as the clarion call, the 
hope, the promise of the new century of statehood, to be ushered in 
January 1, 1916. 

WORK. 
Work! 

Thank God for the might of it. 
The ardor, the urge, the delight of it; 
Work that springs from the heart's desire 
Setting the soul and brain on fire. 
Oh, what is so good as the heat of it? 
And what is so glad as the beat of it, 
And what is so kind as the stern command 
Challenging brain and heart and hand? 

Workl 

Thank God for the swing of it. 

For the clamoring, hammei-ing ring of it; 

Oh, what is so great as the flame of it. 

And what is so grand as the aim of it? 

Thundering on through dearth and doubt, 

Calling the plan of the Maker out. 

Work, the Titan, work the friend 

Has shaped our State toward a noble end 

By spurning doubt and flouting ills, 

Doing whatever the spirit wills. 

Giving to each a glorious part 

In fulfilling the dream of the Master heart. 

Thank God for a time when none may shirk. 

Thank God for the splendor of CENTENNIAL v/ork! 

The Parke County organization was thorough and effect- 
ive. There was first the small committee advisory to the 
chairman, and then the County Committee composed of the 
township chairmen, the latter being head of their local or- 
ganizations. The various departments of work were assigned 
to county leaders, as press correspondent, writer of the 
County Centennial Memorial History, pageant writer, chair- 
men of committees on relics, mementoes and old manuscripts, 
home coming, music and school children's activities. 



228 THE INDIANx\ CENTENNIAL 

The Centennial campaign very properly began in the 
schools, whose officials cooperated most heartily. All the 
common school graduates, by order of the Board of Education, 
were required to prepare essays on some phase of Indiana 
history, generally local. The County Committee, in coopera- 
tion with the County Superintendent of Schools, prepared a 
suggestive outline for study of townships and neighborhood 
history to be used in the composition work. To stimulate 
interest, each township chairman was asked to select judges 
to decide on the merits of the productions. The results 
achieved were highly satisfactory — so much so that the com- 
mittee was able to announce first, second and third honors in 
each township. 

The trustees set apart special days for Centennial observ- 
ance in the schools, when, in addition to the appropriate pro- 
grams rendered by the pupils, the elderly people of the neigh- 
borhood were invited to take part, telling of pioneer life and 
conditions. These special days were thus made truly educa- 
tional. 

In two townships, those of Liberty and Raccoon, the scope 
of observance was enlarged to include all, with patriotic Cen- 
tennial programs in forenoon and afternoon, with a commu- 
nity dinner between. Fine exhibits of pioneer relics were 
made. 

When, early in the year, Indiana Products Day was 
announced and urged upon the attention of the County Chair- 
men of the State, Mrs. Dooley took up the project with char- 
acteristic zeal and determination, the result being that the day 
was more generally observed in Parke than in any other 
county, namely, in five towns, Rockville, Bloomingdale, Monte- 
zuma, Rosedale and Tangier. 

Early in the planning, in looking toward the County Cele- 
bration, a happy arrangement was made with the patriotic 
and progressive Board of Directors of the Rockville Chau- 
tauqua, whereby the celebration became an integral part of 
the annual assembly, but in no sense a mere appendage. This 
largely relieved the County Committee of financial worries 
and gave it a solid and sure foundation. 

The days set were August 12 and 13, and the goal aimed 
at, a real county celebration. To realize the latter, Mrs. 
Dooley and others were indefatigable in their efforts, going 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 229 

from township to township with the Centennial message and 
arousing to action. 

In the forenoon of the 12th, occurred a pageant parade in 
which over 1,100 school children from all over the county took 
part. There were floats representing the development of our 
schools from the earliest log cabin days to the present. Each 
township had its own patriotic song. The address was given 
by Miss Adelaide Baylor of the State Department of Instruc- 
tion. 

In the afternoon, and again in the evening, the Parke 
County Pageant was given. In every way it was a commu- 
nity effort. Mrs. Juliet V. Strauss, "The Country Contribu- 
tor," was the pageant writer, but others had a part in the 
work. Prof. D. D. Haines of Crawfordsville, director of the 
Montgomery County Pageant, was in charge of its perfection 
and presentation, assisted by Miss Georgia Potter of Chicago, 
who directed the interpretative dancing. The success of the 
pageant was in proportion to the loyal efforts which made it 
possible to bring the whole county together to relive its com- 
mon history. 

PAGEANT OUTLINE 

Opening Dance — The Water Fairies. 
Mask of the Fairies and the Gnomes. 

Episode I The Indian 
In the Primeval Forest. 
The Coming of the French. (1705.) 

Harrison's Army and the Departure of the Red Man. (1811.) 
Interlude I — The Star of Empire 

Episode II The Pioneer 
The First Settlement. (1818.) 
The Marriage of Christmas Dazney and Mary Ann Isaacs; 

Isaac McCoy, the First Pi-eacher. (1819.) 
The Election at Richard Henry's Cabin. (1821.) 
The Founding of Shiloh Church. (1822.) 
The Naming of Rockville. (1824.) 
The "Loud School." The "Singin' School." 
Interlude II — The Country Dance 

Episode III Parke County in Its Youth 
The Departure of General Howard. (1844.) 
Bloomingdale Academy. (1846.) 
Canal Days. (1849.) 
The Underground Railroad. (1859.) 

Interlude III — The Dance of the States — War 



Scene 1. 


Scene 2. 


Scene 3. 


Scene 1. 


Scene 2. 


Scene 3. 


Scene 4. 


Scene 5. 


Scene 6. 


Scene 1. 


Scene 2. 


Scene 3. 


Scene 4. 



230 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Episode IV Fraternal Strife 

Scene 1. The Rockville Union Guards. 
Scene 2. The Soldiers' Aid Society. 
Scene 3. Peace Declared. 

Interlude IV — The North and the South — Peace 

Episode V Maturity 

Scene 1. The County Fair. 
Scene 2. The Present. 

Interlude V — Dance of the Trees 

Finale — The Spirit of Civic Pride and the Spirits of the Townships, 
Honor the Past. 

"America." 

Sunday the 13th, was home-coming, church and fraternal 
day, with sermon in the morning and addresses and Hoosier 
greetings in the afternoon. In the evening, the historical 
film "Indiana" was presented. 

As a part of the Parke County Centennial movement, I. R. 
Strouse did an excellent piece of work in the production of a 
Centennial Memorial History, the result of painstaking re- 
search. 

The Parke County observance did not cease with its own 
celebration. When the call went out for participation in 
County Day at Indianapolis, Mrs. Dooley again rallied her 
forces with splendid results. Miss Sylvia Burkhart was 
chosen by ballot to ride in the Cavalcade of the counties. In 
addition to this, Parke was represented by a beautiful float in 
which the Spirit of Progress drove the car of Civic Advance- 
ment, the latter accompanied by her attendant Spirits of the 
Townships. 

All this and more can be said of the splendid achievement 
of Parke county in the Centennial Year. 

PERRY 

Rich in historic associations and picturesque in setting, 
Perry County might have been expected to give enthusiastic 
recognition to the state's anniversary. More than this, she 
had as Centennial Chairman in Thomas James de la Hunt, 
an historian, a litterateur and a poet, who had at the same 
time the energy and pertinacity of a life insurance agent. 
Such a combination was unbeatable, and as a result Perry had 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 231 

not one but three celebrations, and not one but two pageants, 
both of which were written and directed by the genius of Vir- 
ginia Place. 

As early as August, 1915, Chairman de la Hunt had com- 
pleted a thorough county organization and begun a systematic 
program of Centennial education, in which he had the sup- 
port of County School Superintendent Lee Mullen and the 
Women's clubs. March 17 was set apart by Mr. Mullen as 
Centennial observance day in the schools, he having arranged 
an excellent and appropriate program which was carried out 
with varied modifications throughout the county. The pupils 
of Miss Mary C, Burke in Union Township High School, 
under her direction, collected from old citizens and other 
sources much valuable historical data which she arranged for 
presentation in the school library. On April 7, this high 
school presented the story of Indiana in song, story and 
drama, from the Mound Builders to the present. On Wash- 
ington's birthday the Benedictine Sisters of St. Michael's 
parochial school at Cannelton made an effective Centennial 
school exhibit, which was repeated at the close of the session. 

A year's program on Indiana history was followed by the 
Women's Travel Club of Cannelton and papers on state his- 
tory and Centennial topics were featured from time to time 
by the Tobinsport Home Economics Club. The club women 
of these towns joined in inscribing and beautifying the 
Lafayette Memorial Spring. 

In general preparation for the Perry County observance, 
a beautification campaign was adopted with a slogan of 
"Paint, Plant and Prepare." 

Tell City led off with the first celebration, July 20, 21, 
and 22, the real Centennial features consisting of symbolical 
tableaux and a choral concert, planned by Mrs. Wm, Krog- 
man, local chairman and member of the County Committee, 
a museum of relics, addresses by Albert Bettinger of Cincin- 
nati and Philip Zoercher of Indianapolis, both former citi- 
zens, and of an extensive historical and industrial parade. 
Among historic scenes and events portrayed by floats were: 
Indiana State Seal, William Tell, Coming of the Swiss Coloni- 
zation Society and Settlers, First Log Cabin, Stork Bringing 
First Baby, Husking and Quilting Bees, Uncle Sam Buying 
Land from Indians, Circuit Rider, First School, First Wharf 

14—15997 



232 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Boat, Old and New Ways of Cooking, Pioneer Costumes, The 
Old Market House, etc. 

On August 10, the citizens of Troy presented "The 
Pageant of Troy," written and directed by County Chairman 
de la Hunt, with the Misses Grace Howe and Agatha Lindeman 
as local managers of the cast of 150 participants. In outline it 
was as follows: 

Episode I 

Early Indian life — A Hunting Feast and the Coming of the White 
Settlers. 

Episode II 

Locating the County Seat at Troy — Log Rolling on Fulton Hill — 
Old-time Dancing. 

Episode III 

The Pioneer School — The Quilting Party — Abraham Lincoln — The 
School Boy and Ferryman, and Parents. 

Episode IV 
The Volunteers Enlisting in the War. (18C1.) 

Finale 
Indiana, represented by Miss Gertrude Hill, on horse led by thirteen 
original counties, reviews the whole caste while the "Hymn to Indiana" 
is being sung. 

One persistent element marred each of the three Perry 
County celebrations. Perry citizenship seemed to cry out for 
"free attractions," with the result that the street carnival idea 
seriously compromised the Centennial purpose. While the 
artist soul of Thomas James de la Hunt was rapt in the lure 
of pageantry on the heights of Parnassus, those whose his- 
toric imaginations were still unreieased remained in the val- 
ley to enjoy with open-mouthed wonder the antics of "The 
Bimbos," the flying leap of the high diving dog and pony, 
and the aesthetic gambols of the educated goats. 

The ringing of the church bells at dawn of Centennial 
Sunday inaugurated the Perry County celebration at Can- 
nelton, September 3 to 9. 

Monday was Welcome Day, with open air receptions and 
concert in City Park ; Tuesday, School Participation Day, with 
flag drill and Admission Tableau at Court House ; Wednesday, 
Lafayette Day, on which occurred the formal dedication of 
Lafayette Spring, near which on May 9, 1825, General La- 
fayette suffered shipwreck on the Ohio; Thursday, Perry 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 233 

County Day, on whicli the pageant was presented, on the one 
hundred and second anniversary of the county's organization. 
People from every township participated. Friday was In- 
diana Day, when the historic film "Indiana" was shown. The 
celebration closed Saturday with a farewell concert. 

Both literally and figuratively, it was a beautiful climax to 
the Perry County Centennial efl'orts, when on the high bluffs 
above Cannelton, with a matchless view of the Ohio river and 
Kentucky hills, the pageant of Perry County was given. From 
the first scene to the last it was wholly a county pageant. 
With his comprehensive history of Perry just completed, 
Mr. de la Hunt brought to his work a complete fund of in- 
formation and the fresh sympathy and enthusiasm which his 
studies had developed. Every episode applied to local his- 
tory, not a single one being usable elsewhere. The vast audi- 
ence on the shady hillsides saw the first settlers arrive ; heard 
the recital of news from the War of 1812, in which were 
Perry County men; saw the landing of the Lincoln family 
at Troy; General Lafayette's enforced visit follov/ing the 
wreck of the Mechanic at Rock Island in 1825 ; old-fashioned 
"Training Day" amusements; laying the cornerstone of the 
Cannelton cotton mill ; and founding of Tell City by the Swiss 
Colonization Society, to the accompaniment of some old-time 
Swiss yodlers; the Confederate invasion of Perry County by 
Captain Hines of Morgan's command; a county picnic and 
frolic, celebrating the close of the war and the return of the 
soldiers — all ending with a beautiful symbolical finale in 
which Commodore Perry presents Indiana, clad in white and 
mounted on horseback, with the Stars and Stripes. 

PIKE 

It was the woman in the case that saved the day for Pike 
County. A county chairman had been appointed who re- 
signed at the critical time. The public was indifferent and 
apathetic, the school authorities lukewarm. But, as is often 
true, the community was blessed with one positive, coura- 
geous, patriotic soul, in this instance a woman, who bore the 
honor of her county in her heart. Ladies and gentlemen, 
the Centennial heroine of Pike County, Mrs. Alice P. Stoops, 

There were many things which Mrs. Stoops knew it was 
useless for her to attempt. Her ambition centered upon one 



234 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

thing and that ambition she realized. Her county is rich in 
historical associations which she wanted to see portrayed 
through pageantry. She therefore began the study of pageants, 
visited those at Evansville and Bloomington, learning at first 
hand. She next got the financial backing of the Pike County 
Racing Association, in connection with whose annual meet 
the performance was to be given. Thus assured, she wrote 
the pageant, which was shown at Petersburg. 

It was a two-night pageant, the first night bringing the 
action to 1816. Episode one dealt with the Mound Builders 
and episode two with the Indians. Episode three introduced 
the French soldiers under Sieur de Vincennes and the found- 
ing of the town which bears his name, with scenes two and 
three picturing the taking of the fort by Generals Hamilton 
and George Rogers Clark, in turn. In two scenes, the next 
episode related the beginning of Indiana and the land treaty, 
with Tecumseh's protest. The first evening's performance 
closed with the battle of Tippecanoe. 

The second evening opened with "Indiana a State," ac- 
companied by the stately minuet. Episode two was devoted 
to the pioneers in seven scenes, relating to the selection of 
the seat of justice, an auction sale of town lots, mail carrier, 
circuit rider, pioneer school and old-time singing school. An 
episode was given to the Underground Railroad. The three 
scenes of episode four were devoted respectively to the husk- 
ing bee, Virginia Reel and the news of the firing upon Sum- 
ter, with the departure of the soldiers. Episode five was a 
soldiers' drill, the pageant closing with "Indiana 1916" and 
finale. 

The pageant was presented August 3 and 4 and directed 
by Professor Grover Sims of Oakland City College. Four 
hundred and fifty people participated before an audience of 
about six thousand. 

Practically no other Centennial activities were attempted. 
Properly stated, the pageant was Mrs. Alice P(ike) Stoops' 
contribution to the Indiana Centennial! 

PORTER 

That Porter County acquitted itself so well is due largely 
to the public spirit of its patriotic women. When it became 
evident that the men would not rise to the occasion, members 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 235 

of the Valparaiso Women's Club came forward, and led by 
Mrs. A. A. Williams, who threw heart and soul into the cause, 
made a great contribution to the civic spirit of their commu- 
nity. 

Second only to Mrs. Williams in service, was Mrs. L. F. 
Bennett, who for months prior to the Porter County celebra- 
tion, prepared the way in a series of contributions to the Val- 
paraiso press upon many phases of state and local history 
as a background for the Centennial observance. Aside from 
her own contributions, she secured similar ones from others. 
A good foundation was thus laid for the observance. 

Miss Lucy M. Elliott, assistant Director of the Commis- 
sion, visited Valparaiso February 21 and 22, speaking before 
the Women's Club and also before the city Commercial Club. 

Doubtless more people partook of Indiana Products Day 
dinners on February 22 in Valparaiso than in any other city 
in the State. Mrs. Williams reported the number to have 
been 2,309, dinners being served in fifteen places, all partak- 
ing of the same Hoosier menu. 

The county celebration took place in September, begin- 
ning on Sunday the 24th with fitting religious services. In 
the afternoon a union service was held, at which at least 
8,000 people were said by the county chairman to have been 
present. The principal address was delivered by Judge Harry 
Olsen of Chicago. On this day the splendid exhibit of relics 
was opened and remained so during the week. It was visited 
by throngs of interested observers. 

The regular celebration took place on Wednesday, Thurs- 
day and Friday. Wednesday, September 27, was designated 
as Centennial Memorial Day. In the afternoon an ambitious 
program was given, centering in the dedication of markers — 
one on the old Sac trail and the other on the site of the first 
schoolhouse in Valparaiso, for which the Porter County His- 
torical Society and the local D. A. R. chapter were responsible. 
Margaret Cameron Beer gave an address on "Our State," 
followed by an address on "Our Country," by Patrick H. 
O'Donnell of Chicago. In the evening a very successful Old 
Melodies Concert and entertainment was given under the di- 
rection of Mrs. H. M. Beer. 

Thursday was given over to the Centennial parade, to 
which much effort was given. 



236 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Friday was Pageant Day and was under the direct super- 
vision of Mrs. Williams, v/ith Mrs. A. R. Putnam and Mrs. 
Bennett as assistants. There was music, including a commu- 
nity sing, in the forenoon, followed by a basket dinner and 
Old Settlers reunion. 

The pageant, written by Mrs. Williams, was given in the 
afternoon and was put on by citizens of Valparaiso, some 
400 people participating. In brief the outline was as follows : 
Episode I The Indians — 1679. 
Episode II The Explorers — 1679. 
Episode III Invasion by the Whites— 1763-1834. 

Portrayal of local historic incidents having to do 
vi^ith events on Old Sac Trail and the early settle- 
ment of the county. 
Episode IV The Civil War— 1861. 

Including Underground Railroad incident. 
Episode V Retrospective and Prospective. 

Centennial Recessional or Processional. 

The whole celebration was on a high plane of lofty patri- 
otism and civic pride, reflecting the true purpose and ideals 
of the Centennial observance. 

POSEY 

Thanks to the public spirit and energy of such business 
men as Hon. L. T. Osborn, its county chairman, Posey County 
made an enviable Centennial record and added new patriotic 
laurels to the "Pocket" district. 

It was very fitting that the county which had really seen 
the birth of pageantry in Indiana should present its contribu- 
tion to Centennial pageantry. Two years before, wide atten- 
tion had been attracted by the New Harmony Pageant, which 
was written by Miss Charity Dye of the Historical Commis- 
sion and directed by Mrs. Mary H. Flanner of Indianapolis. 
When looking for a directing hand to mould into artistic and 
dramatic form their v/ealth of material, the Posey County 
committee naturally turned to Mrs. Flanner, whose aid they 
were so fortunate as to secure. Appropriately, also, the sub- 
ject-matter of the pageant was largely prepared by Mrs. Nora 
C. Fretageot of New Harmony, the scene of such rich histor- 
ical associations. 

The Posey County celebration was held September 12 and 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 237 

13 at Mt. Vernon. On the evening of the 13th, the pageant 
was presented on the bank of the Ohio river, the historic 
water highway of the Old Northwest. The pageant was 
more than a faithful portrayal of the history it dramatized 
— it was compellingly beautiful in its symbolism. It was 
introduced by a beautiful dance of the water nymphs, typify- 
ing the Ohio, followed by a representation of the forest prime- 
val in the dances of the dryads and fireflies. 

The first episode, entitled, "One Hundred Years Ago," in- 
troduced the typical life of the Indians, the appearance of the 
fur traders and missionaries and the coming of Tom Jones, 
the first white settler in the county, and the pioneers. 

The second episode, rightly entitled "Civilization," had to 
do primarily with the Rappites and the New Harmony ex- 
periment, which attracted to the new country the famous Boat 
Load of Knowledge. That part of the episode which so pic- 
turesquely portrayed the life and culture of this new Athens 
of the West, was put on by New Harmony citizens. This 
episode also pictured the choosing of Mt. Vernon as the capital 
of Posey County, explaining how it took its name from the 
national shrine on the Potomac. 

"Political Unrest" was the motif of Episode 3, dealing with 
the Civil War period. A very interesting feature was the 
reproduction of an old-time political campaign rally, based 
upon the election of Alvin P. Hovey, favorite son of Posey, as 
governor of the State. 

Episode 4, "Progress Unfolded," was symbolical, typify- 
ing the many-sided development of the State and suggesting 
Posey's contribution thereto. 

The thrilling presentation was viewed by probably 15,000 
people from that section of the State and from the adjoining 
States of Illinois and Kentucky. It was undoubtedly one of 
the largest pageant audiences in the State during the year. 

But, while the leading feature, the pageant was not the 
sole feature of the Posey County celebration. 

On the preceding day, September 12, an historical and in- 
dustrial parade was given which was one of the best ever 
seen in that section of the State. In a combination parade 
of this kind too often the word "historical" proved a plank 
rather than a platform. Not so in this instance. Much time 
and conscientious effort were evidently expended in effectively 



238 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

reproducing old scenes and events, which were justified in 
the results attained. 

On both days of the celebrational and home coming, ad- 
dresses were delivered. 

PULASKI 

Up to July, no thoroughgoing efforts had been put forth 
to interest Pulaski County in the Centennial. At that time 
the chairman, John G. Capouch, went with his militia com- 
pany to the Mexican border and nothing more was heard of 
a County Centennial observance. Almost no attention was 
given the movement by the Pulaski newspapers. 

Medaryville observed September 14 as Centennial Day, in 
special honor of its townsman, Wm. B. Nicoles, whose one 
hundredth birthday it marked. 

Centennial and historical compositions were given in con- 
nection with the graduating exercises of the county schools, 
in which the book, "A Century of Indiana," was studied. 

PUTNAM 

So far as can be learned, the Centennial Year was practi- 
cally unrecognized in Putnam County and in its university 
county seat. B. F. Corwin of Greencastle accepted the county 
chairmanship and the answer as to the non-performance lies 
with him. The Commission regrets that it could not keep in 
sufficient touch with him to follow the course of events in Put- 
nam County. 

The Putnam County newspapers report that Admission 
Day was observed by the schools over the county "in a gen- 
eral way." 

RANDOLPH 

Randolph County furnished one of the distinct disappoint- 
ments of the year. Rich in local history, with a man deeply 
interested, as County Chairman, in Mr. Philip Kabel, and 
with a national reputation in school efficiency, strange it seems 
that no county celebration was held and little attempted in 
the schools. 

The Centennial Year started propitiously in a successful 
observance at Winchester of Indiana Products Day. In the 
spring and early summer Mr. Kabel made visits over the 
county to arouse interest in the Centennial. Organization 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 239 

was begun and celebration movements were started, but 
nothing materialized. In the words of the chairman, 1916 
seemed, strangely enough, to be an "off year" in Randolph. 
Some responsibility for this situation rests with the news- 
papers of the county, which did little, either in directly sup- 
porting the Centennial idea or in even giving it due publicity. 

Much was expected of the Randolph schools, but little was 
realized. No Centennial Day was observed. A special pro- 
gram was given, and, as for the past three years, the eighth 
grade pupils wrote on some question of local history. No 
systematic work in course is reported in Indiana history. 

Observance of Admission Day was made in Winchester, 
by the D. A. R., which put on a pioneer relic exhibit, and by 
the Woman's Club, which gave a public Centennial evening 
in which historic scenes were represented. Programs were 
also given in the schools. 

Randolph County seemed content in furnishing a governor 
for the next quadrennium as its Centennial contribution. 

RIPLEY 

Ripley County was not so demonstrative as some counties 
in its display of state loyalty, but none the less gave proof of 
a citizenship that is alive to patriotism. The Ripley observ- 
ance may be said to have been decentralized in a large meas- 
ure. There were several appropriate celebrations in the 
county rather than one big one at the county seat. Among 
these were observances at Cedar Creek, Milan, Osgood, Lin- 
colnville, Benham, Versailles and Batesville. 

Some of these were held largely in connection with the 
schools while others were town and community celebrations. 
They were almost purely educational, historic and patriotic 
in nature, consisting of programs of history and local remi- 
niscence, reinforced often by collections of pioneer relics. 
Counting its eighth grade graduating exercises, Batesville 
publicly observed the year three times, closing with a good 
program on Admission Day when an address was delivered 
by Prof. Louis J. Rettger of the Indiana State Normal. There 
was doubtless some connection between this good showing 
and the public spirited way in which the Batesville papers 
supported the Centennial. 

What might be termed the county celebration was held at 



240 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Versailles on October 7th in connection with a Fall Festival, 
when a parade occurred, partly historical. The townships 
were represented by lady riders, led by Miss Cecil Day who 
had, on the day previous, represented the county in the Cen- 
tennial Cavalcade at Indianapolis. 

Chas. R. Hertenstein, County School Superintendent, took 
no little interest in the anniversary, and encouraged his teach- 
ers to adapt their work to its observance in a beneficial way. 

W. D. Robinson, editor of the Versailles Republican, was 
County Chairman. Thanks to his interest and to that of the 
Ripley exiles at the capital city, led by J. N. Ward, the county 
was strikingly represented on County Day of the State cele- 
bration. Representative of the timber resources of the 
county, a great poplar log forty-eight feet long and contain- 
ing three thousand feet of lumber was loaded on two wagons 
and hauled to Indianapolis. It proved something of a 
triumphal procession, since the news of Ripley County's big 
log was telephoned on ahead from village to town, with the 
result that no "deserted villages" were discovered en route. 
The big stick attracted much attention in the County Day 
parade. 

Not the least of Ripley County's Centennial contributions 
was made through one of her daughters, Miss Leah Jackson, 
whose admirable work on "The Play Party in Indiana," was 
accepted by the Indiana Historical Commission and published 
as one of its series of historical collections. 

RUSH 

The Rush County observance occurred October 9 to 13, 
during the period of the state celebration. It was first 
planned to take place earlier, but circumstances made a later 
date seem necessary. 

The observance, centering in Rushville, consisted of ad- 
dresses, parades, music by school choruses and an exhibition 
of relics. The Daily Republican of Rushville issued a Centen- 
nial edition in which appeared historical articles of interest. 
The celebration was financed by a popular subscription 
amounting to $1,200 and was under the direction of a com- 
mittee representing the different parts of the county, of which 
John A. Titsforth was chairman. 

Carthage observed Admission Day, an address being de- 
livered by Will A. Hough of Greenfield. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 241 

SCOTT 

October 14 was observed in Scott County as Centennial 
Day, when the county celebration was held at Scottsburg 
under the general direction of Frank Gardner as Chairman. 
The day, resplendent with autumnal tints illuminated with 
October sunshine, began with a parade in which many histor- 
ical features were introduced, contrasting past and present. 
Horseback riders impersonated important figures in state his- 
tory. Modes of travel and communication in the old days 
were portrayed by ''prairie schooners" and the pony express. 
The school children arrived at the fair grounds where a pro- 
gram of exercises was given, including an "old-time school." 

In the afternoon the business and professional men of 
Scottsburg marched to the fair grounds in a body when the 
more formal exercises of the day took place. These were 
opened by a song by two aged women, Mrs. Rebecca Murphy 
and Mrs. Perry Bailey, daughter of the old pioneer Baptist 
preacher, Isaac Coker, each said to be over eighty years old. 
The song "brought to the memory of many present the scenes 
and the songs of the long ago in the little country churches 
when Scott County was almost a wilderness." 

The addresses of the day were made by two former resi- 
dents of Scott County, Col. Chas. J. Jewett of New Albany, 
and Judge James W. Fortune of Jeffersonville. 

Hon. Willis L. Barnes of Charlestown contributed largely 
to the interest of the day by bringing to the celebration from 
his home an oil painting of Governor Jonathan Jennings, to- 
gether with a large number of other interesting exhibits in 
Indiana history which were displayed in the court house. 

SHELBY 

It took several different pilots to steer the course of Shelby 
County to a Centennial celebration, but it finally arrived. 
State Senator W. A. Yarling, author of the bill creating the 
Indiana Historical Commission, very appropriately accepted 
the Shelby County chairmanship. At the dinner at the Clay- 
pool hotel in Indianapolis, December 3, attended by members 
of the Commission and the County Chairmen he responded to 
the toast, "A True Bill." At the first of the year he found it 
necessary to resign the chairmanship and Rev. W. E. Carroll 
of Shelbyville was secured to take his place. 



242 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

He went enthusiastically to work, one of the first evidences 
of which was the Shelbyville Indiana Products Day dinner, 
February 22, one of the most successful in the State. He 
reported that 876 people were served under one roof, said roof 
being that of a temporary tabernacle which had recently been 
used in a union revival campaign. The diners were waited 
upon by fifty high school girls dressed in white, and ate to 
the accompaniment of the high school orchestra. 

The schools of Shelbyville had a regular celebration of 
their own in May. On the 16th, Centennial public programs 
were given at the half dozen or more school buildings, con- 
sisting generally of a dramatic presentation of some period 
of state or local history. One building dramatized "The 
Hoosier Schoolmaster." Another presented the history of the 
county between 1816 and 1824 in a little pageant, "The 
Maiden Days of Indiana." In other instances, longer periods 
were presented by connected episodes and, again, more miscel- 
laneous programs were given. Two days later the High 
School Seniors, as a memorial to the Indiana author, Charles 
Major, who was a resident of Shelbyville, presented as a play, 
"When Knighthood was in Flower." 

The county celebration wa« set for September 28-30. The 
central feature was a pageant, to finance which the committee 
in charge turned to the Chamber of Commerce, which as- 
sumed responsibility for the whole celebration, under the lead- 
ership of its secretary, Carrol R. Woods. F. L. Thompson 
was also actively identified v/ith the promotion of the observ- 
ance. 

The weather was not at all propitious, yet a very success- 
ful celebration was held, of which enthusiastic reports were 
received. The opening event was a baby show and parade in 
which great interest was manifested. An exhibit of relics 
was made throughout the observance. On the closing day, 
following a beautiful though not an historical parade, an ad- 
dress was delivered by Governor Samuel M. Ralston. 

The pageant, presented at night, was written by W. W. 
Leslie and J. S. Johnson, both of the city schools. It was 
largely a pantomime performance, portrajdng primarily the 
history of Shelby County. An attractive pageant book was 
issued, illustrated on the cover page with pictures of Shelby's 
two illustrious sons, Thomas A. Hendricks and Charles Major. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 243 

OUTLINE OF THE SHELBY COUNTY PAGEANT 
Masque — Montamin, the Maize, or "The Birth of the Indian Race." 

Episode I Indians of Shelby County. 
Scene 1 — Indian Life Before the Coming of the White Man. Scene 
2 — The Missionaries Teach the Indians the Christian Religion. Scene 
3 — William Conner, the First White Trader. Scene 4 — Delaware In- 
dians Sell Their Land to the White Man. Scene 5 — The Piety of the 
Indians. 

Interlude I — Indiana becomes a State. 

Episode II First Settlers and County Organization. 
Scene 1 — Whetzel's Trail, or the Naming of Brandywine. Scene 2 — 
The Coming of James Wilson, First Settler of the County. Scene 3 — 
The Surveyors. Scene 4 — The First County Commissioners Organize the 
County. Scene 5 — Locating the County Seat. Scene 6 — The Sale of 
Lots in Shelbyville. Scene 7 — Shelby County with Her Townships — 
Personified. 

Interlude II — Johnnie Appleseed — Planting for the Future. 

Episode III Pioneer Life of 1840. 
Scene 1 — Quilting Bee and Shooting Match. Scene 2 — The "Loud 
School." Scene 3 — Singing Class of Morristown. Scene 4 — Husking 
Bee and Old-time Dance (Old Dan Tucker, Virginia Reel, etc.) Scene 
5 — Campaign of 1840. Tippecanoe and Tyler Too. 

Interlude III — Dance of the States — "Secession." 

Episode IV War Days in Shelby County. 
Scene 1 — Preparation for War — the Call for Volunteers. Scene 2 — 
The First Company for the War — Presentation of Flag by Women of 
Shelbyville. Scene 3— News from the Front— The End of the War 
Approaching. 

Interlude IV — The North and the South — Reunion. 

Episode V Recent Progress. 
Scene 1 — Thomas A. Hendricks. Scene 2 — Charles Major— When 
Knighthood Was in Flower. Scene 3 — The Return of James Wilson 
(First Settler.) 

Interlude V — Dance of Agriculture. 

Finale. 

In the week following the Shelby celebration, the county 
was represented in the Centennial Cavalcade of the counties 
at Indianapolis by Miss Pauline Barlow. 

SPENCER 

Bearing the name of the gallant Spiers Spencer, and 
known as the Indiana home of the Lincoln family, Spencer 
County undertook the observance of the Centennial in the 



244 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

spirit that it had a great deal to live up to. Spurred on by 
this realization, under the direction of enthusiastic and effi- 
cient leadership, the county achieved an enviable distinction 
among its ninety-one sisters. 

A newspaper man, W. W. Kellams, editor and publisher of 
the Rockport Democrat, headed the organization, and had the 
active cooperation of his ''esteemed contemporaries" in the 
county, the Rockport Journal, the Grandvieiv Monitor, the 
Dale Reporter and the Chrisney Sun. He had the whole 
county fairly networked with committees, and with commit- 
tees that worked. His general committee was made up of the 
chairmen of his central celebration committees and the chair- 
men of the township organizations, making thirty in all. He 
had two hundred committeemen distributed over the county. 
The chairmen of the most active central committees, followed 
by the township bodies, were: Finance, M. E. Hirsch; history, 
Mrs. Helen Baumgaertner ; relics, Mrs. C. W. Halburge; 
markers, Allen J. Payton; program, Frank Kincaid; pageant, 
Mrs. C. D. Ehrman ; chorus, Miss Myrtle Posey ; home com- 
ing, Chas. G. Davis; pioneer evening, Mrs. Bird Brown. 
Townships — Carter, M. L. Metcalf , Dale ; Clay, D. F. Kennedy, 
Lamar; Grass, J. Fred Bergman, Chrisney; Hammond, Dr. 
L. F. Gage, Grandview; Harrison, Robert Widener, St. Mein- 
rad; Huff, Cullen Souder, Lamar; Jackson, 0. L. Perry, Gen- 
tryville; Luce, L. B. Wilkinson, Rockport; Ohio, A. P. Wright, 
Rockport. 

Centennial activity in the townships began early in the 
year. In March and April several very Vv^orthy celebrations 
were given in the schools of the county, including the Nunn 
school in Luce township and the Lake Mill and Grandview 
schools. The first two were conducted under the leadership 
of parent-teacher associations. Citizens of these communi- 
ties entered heartily into the spirit of the anniversary. Some 
gave talks on interesting phases of state and local history. 
Present and past were contrasted in striking ways. Repre- 
sentations of pioneer life, the daily life of the farm and 
kitchen, were graphically made. 

But the great focal point of almost the entire Centennial 
preparations in Spencer was the county celebration set for 
July 3 and 4, at Rockport, and very particularly, the county 
pageant. The latter was a heroic enterprise, heroically 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 245 

achieved, and too much commendation can hardly be given 
those who put through one of the few real county pageants par 
excellence, of the year. In the first place an artist prepared it, 
in the person of Mrs. Kate Milner Rabb, now of Indianapolis, 
but a former Spencer County girl. Both an artist and a gen- 
eral organized and directed it, Mrs. C. D. Ehrnian, aided by 
such loyal lieutenants as Mrs. Helen Baumgaertner. For two 
months, Mrs. Ehrman traversed the county back and forth, 
arousing enthusiasm, assigning parts to the respective town- 
ships and drilling them in execution. A world of patience, 
tact, perseverance, bodily strength and sound nerves, was 
necessary to achieve the thing and Mrs. Ehrman proved equal 
to the demand. She had the whole county working toward a 
common purpose and the sequel was all that had been hoped — 
and more. 

As a prelude to the celebration, a vesper song service was 
held at the fair grounds Sunday, when the old-time hymns 
were sung, and a brief address made by Rev. J. M. Daniel. 

On Monday afternoon a county athletic meet was held and 
in the evening a pioneer entertainment, consisting of old- 
fashioned dances, which proved rejuvenating and popular. 
The relics exhibit was well arranged in that, instead of merely 
having it placed promiscuously, pioneer bedrooms, a kitchen, 
etc., were "made up" to represent more effectively the do- 
mestic life of our forefathers. 

Patriotic festivities were opened on Tuesday morning of 
the Fourth by a great parade, in large measure historical, 
which was really preliminary to the pageant, the performance 
of which consumed the entire afternoon. As explained by Mrs. 
Rabb in a foreword, she purposed to show in the pageant, 
how the character of the county, as a community, had been 
developed. Many of the parts were taken by descendants of 
the characters portrayed, and, so far as possible, from the 
locality in which the incidents reproduced occurred. Six- 
teen hundred and fifty people took part before an audience of 
several thousand. 

The Introduction gave a most effective symbolic portrayal 
of the Spirit of the Ohio, accompanied by two hundred water 
sprites, in floating robes of filmy white over blue. Through- 
out the greater part of the pageant, these sprites, skirting 
a lake in the background, in rhythmic movement suggested 



246 



THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 



the rippling and the splashing of the river. Following these 
onto the scene, came the Spirit of the Forest and wood nymphs 
and the Spirit of the Fields, attended by the flower, fruit and 
grain fairies. In impressive procession all these were fol- 
lowed by those who invaded the Western wilderness — Indians, 
explorers, fur traders, missionaries, early settlers, British 
red coats and Captain Spiers Spencer. These disappear be- 
fore Columbia, to whom Virginia presents the new Indiana 
territory, whereupon the encircling nymphs and fairies take 
up the song, "Hymn to Indiana." This led up very effectively 
to the pageant proper, dealing largely with county history, 
as suggested by the outline. 

Episode I The Indians. 
Scene 1. Treaty of Fort Wayne. 
Scene 2. The Meek's tragedy on Pigeon Creek, 1811. 



Episode II 
Scene 1. Arrival and location. 
Scene 2. Log Rolling. 



The Settlers. 



Episode III The Lincolns. 

Scene 1. The Rockport home coming, 1819. Thomas Lincoln brings 
home his second wife, who is greeted by the children, Sarah 
and Abraham, and by Dennis Hawks. 

Scene 2. The Mill, 1825. Abraham Lincoln is seen driving to the 
mill, where are gathered various men waiting for their corn 
to be ground. Arrived at the mill he engages in conversa- 
tion with the men, enrages a braggart by his joking recep- 
tion of a story, and reads to the men an editorial from the 
Vincennes Sun on slavery. 

Scene 3. The Departure of the Lincolns for Illinois, 1830. 

Episode IV The Mexican War — June, 1847. 

Episode V Education. 
Scene 1. The Pioneer School. 
Scene 2. Laying the Corner Stone of the Rockport Academy, 1859. 

Episode VI The Civil War. 
Scene 1. First Company leaves Rockport, July, 1861. 
Scene 2. Fourth of July celebration at Rockport Fair Grounds, 1861. 

Episode VII The March of Commerce and Industry. 
Finale. 

The giving of the pageant brought the county together 
in an intimate acquaintance and fellowship hitherto unknown. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 247 

which was eminently worth while, to say nothing of its edu- 
cational function. One month later, on Centennial Day of the 
Grandview Chautauqua, the Centennial committees of the 
county enjoyed a reunion and picnic. Another by-product 
was the organization of the Spencer County Historical Society. 

The pageant was financed by the proceeds of the day and 
by subscriptions, none of the latter being over ten dollars, 
and although no general admission fee was charged, a very 
considerable surplus was realized. This was wisely used in 
the placing of permanent memorials to mark historic spots. 
One was placed on the site of the Lincoln home at a cost of 
three hundred and fifty dollars; one marking the spot of the 
landing of the Lincolns on Indiana soil, for one hundred and 
fifty dollars, and for twenty-five dollars less, another in mem- 
ory of the first settler. 

Though one of the counties most distant from the capital, 
Spencer was one of the most active in cooperation on County 
Day, October 6. Miss Esther Brown represented the county 
in the Cavalcade. In the procession of the counties, W. E. 
Hartley gave a striking illustration of Lincoln the rail split- 
ter, while A. P. Wright, on horseback, represented Spiers 
Spencer. 

STARKE 

Practically no interest in the Centennial was manifested 
by the people of Starke County. The Chairman, Hon. Ches- 
ter A. McCormick, editor of the North Judson News, did not 
take up his responsibilities in a convincing manner and made 
little impression upon his county. Even the newspapers al- 
most ignored the state-wide movement. As a last resort, the 
Centennial was made a poor appendage to the annual North 
Judson "After-Harvest Jubilee," which occurred October 5, 
6 and 7. About the only Centennial flavor was that given by 
a display of pioneer relics. 

Some school Centennial programs are reported by the 
county school superintendent, together with compositions on 
local and state history topics by pupils in connection with 
their work in English and History and Civics. 



15—15997 



248 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

ST. JOSEPH 

St. Joseph County is not richer in historical associations 
than she was determined to show her appreciation of them 
in observing in a patriotic and impressive manner the cen- 
tury way-mark of the State. As Indiana history really made 
its debut by way of the St. Joseph river through the French 
fathers, it was highly appropriate that the county should be 
one of the most active and enthusiastic in the State in due 
recognition of the past. 

The county began early in its patriotic preparation. F. 
A. Miller, editor of the South Bend Tribune, became County 
Chairman in August of 1915, and began early to make the 
wheels go round, by enlisting the interest of the civic organi- 
zations in the Centennial project looking toward an epoch 
making celebration for South Bend. He drew to himself at 
once a tower of strength in F. B. Barnes, Municipal Recrea- 
tion Director for South Bend, who assumed the responsibility 
of investigating the possibilities of a pageant of which he be- 
came the director and motive force. He represented Mr. 
Miller at the State House Conference of county chairmen in 
December, thereby identifying himself and his county with 
the Centennial movement over the State. 

On the invitation of Mr. Miller, the Indiana Historical 
Commission visited South Bend March 31 and April 1, for 
the purpose of giving impetus and encouragement to the plans 
being made for the St. Joseph County observance. On the 
evening of the 31st the Commission was given a dinner at 
the Hotel Oliver, attended by some seventy-five South Bend 
citizens, at which Dr. F, B. Wynn and Miss Charity Dye gave 
addresses outlining the possibilities of the year. In the after- 
noon. Miss Dye and Mr. Woodward, Director of the Commis- 
sion, held a conference with members of the county organiza- 
tion to consider the different aspects of pageantry in relation 
to the St. Joseph County situation. On the following day the 
Commission met in business session at Notre Dame Univer- 
sity, where it was the guest of Father John Cavanaugh, a 
member. 

The first recognition of the year was given by the schools 
of the county, in which April 21 was announced as Centen- 
nial Day. It seems to have been best observed in Madison 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 249 

Township, in which the schools joined in a community observ- 
ance. Later, observances were held in Green and Olive Town- 
ships. A Centennial program was given in June at the St. 
Mary's Conservatory of Music under the auspices of the class 
of 1916. 

On May 26 the Women's Civic Federation of South Bend 
gave a program in the high school auditorium, consisting of 
a series of tableaux on "The Spirit of South Bend." 

The main Centennial interest, however, was focused upon 
the ambitious celebration set for October 2, 3, and 4, at South 
Bend, largely conceived and largely executed. The observance 
really began on Sunday, October 1, on the morning of which 
services of an historical nature were held in the churches of 
the city with large audiences in attendance. In the after- 
noon a sacred concert was given at Springbrook Park. 

On the afternoon of the 2d a civic parade took place, fol- 
lowed on successive afternoons by automobile and industrial 
parades. On the forenoon of the 3d a tablet was dedicated, 
marking the site of the home of Vice-President Schuyler Col- 
fax. In the late afternoon a reunion of high school alumni 
and old students was held. Thursday was Pioneers' Day, 
with a reception from 10 till 2 at the rooms of the Chamber 
of Commerce. Music was furnished each day by the Pullman 
Band. 

These features were all interesting, but the real attraction 
was found each evening out at Springbrook Park, where, on 
the banks of the historic St. Joseph River the Pageant of St. 
Joseph County was given, arranged by Mrs. W. K. Lamport 
and directed by F. B. Barnes, with Henry B. Roney of Chi- 
cago as Music Director. It was really a great spectacle rather 
than a pageant. There was no dialogue, the author leaving 
the dramatic action to tell its own story, assisted by an ad- 
mirable running statement of the history involved, printed in 
the pageant book on pages facing the episodes. The follow- 
ing outline is suggestive of the scope and treatment of the 
subject-matter: 



250 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

PROLOGUE 

Father Marquette Passes on His Last Journey, 1675. 
Incidental Music — "The Angelus" from Scenes Picturesque — Massenet. 

Episode I 

Staged by Notre Dame University 
In charge of Prof. Emmett Lanihan. 

Scene: Bank of St. Joseph River, Before 1675. 

War between the Iroquois and Miami Indians. 

Smoking of the "Calumet" in Council. 

War Dance. 

Exchange of Gifts. (See Episode III). 
Incidental Music — "Ma-Ma-Ma-Mimi-ga-ga" — Scalp Song — Sousa. 
Incidental Music — "Cracovienne Fantastique" — Paderewski, 
Incidental Music — "Scalp Dance." 

Episode II 

Scene: Bank of River near South Bend, 1676. 

Indian families enter from Portage and establish Miami Vil- 
lage. 

Episode III 

Scene: Bank of River near South Bend, 1679. 

Enter Rene Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle's Party, con- 
sisting of his historian, Father Louis Hennepin, Capt. Henri 
de Tonti, two other priests and 27 others, ship carpenters 
and voyageurs. They are joined by LaSalle (who has been 
lost) and "White Beaver," the Mohigan guide. 
The Miami treaty is made. 

Episode IV 
Scene: South Bend, 1820. 

Pierre Frieschutz Navarre enters on horseback, trades with 
the Indians, meets a daughter of a chief from Pokagon's 
village. 

They are joined by Joseph Bertrand, his wife, Madeline, 
and her father. Chief Topinabee. 
Navarre marries the chief's daughter in the Indian way. 

Episode V 
Scene: South Bend, 1827. 

Alexis Coquillard enters from river with his party. 

Jean Beaudoin, a French youth of 16, first to jump ashore. 

The trading post is constructed. 

Mr. Coquillard brings his young wife from Fort Wayne. 

Fur Trading. 

Dispute with Indians over "fire water." 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 251 

Episode VI 
Scene: South Bend, 1827-1831. 

Colonel Latlirop M. Taylor arrives. 

South Bend is laid out, Michigan road put through. 

The Johnson family arrive. 

Chigf Pokagon drives through. 

Episode VII 
Scene: South Bend, 1830-1831. 

Father Stephen Theodore Badin arrives. 

Mr. Horatio Chapin settles. 

Marriage of Waceta and John Peashway. 
Incidental Music — "Gloria from 12th Mass" — Mozart. 

Jean Beaudoin runs from Wisconsin to warn the settlers of 

Black Hawk's impending raid. 

Death of Jean Beaudoin. 

Episode VIII 
Scene: South Bend, 1840-1842. 

Departure of the Pottawatomies, accompanied by Father 

Badin. 
Music — "De Profundis" Gregorian Chant 

Episode IX 
Scene: South Bend, 1842. 

Father Sorin arrives with seven other priests to establish the 
University at the Mission of Notre Dame. 

Episode X 
Scene: Mishawaka, 1840. 

Building of Mishawaka, 

Episode XI 
Scene : Mishawaka. 

Women's Club of South Bend visits Mishawaka. 
Song by Mrs. E. B. Harris. 



Scene : Mishawaka. 

Blacksmithing. 
Wagon Making. 



Episode XII 



Episode XIII 



Scene: Mishav/aka. 

Spelling Bee. 

Singing of geography lesson. 

Singing of arithmetic lesson. 

Milling. 

Episode XIV 
Scene : Mishawaka. 

Corn husking bee. 



252 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Episode XV 
Scene: Mishawaka. 

Mishawaka burns, 1872. 

(Episodes X, XI, XII, XIII are given at nearly the same time, 

showing village life.) 

Episode XVI 
Scene: South Bend, 1840-1860. 

Entrance of South Bend pioneers. 
Village life. 

Episode XVII 
Scene: South Bend. 

Argonauts of '49 and '59 leave for the West. 

Episode XVIII 
Scene: South Bend, 1850. 

Schuyler Colfax returns to South Bend. 
He comes in an old-time coach. 

Episode XIX 
Staged by Spanish War Veterans, 21st Indiana Battery, 
Old Settlers and others. 
Scene: South Bend, 1861. 

News "Fort Sumter fired upon." 
Soldiers leave for the front. 

Episode XX 
Scene: South Bend, 1872. 

"Standpipe-Holly" controversy. 

Leighton Pine favors the standpipe system. 

J. M. Studebaker wagers a cow that the standpipe system 

would not be adequate for the needs of South Bend, and that 

it would not yield sufficient pressure to drive him from a 

position a short distance above the ground. 

John Hartman sells the cow at auction for charity. 

Episode XXI 
Staged by Grand Army of the Republic, Schuyler Rebekah Lodge. 
Scene: South Bend. (We return to 1865.) 
Colfax speaks to the old soldiers. 

Episode XXII 
Old Soldiers Sing "Tenting Tonight." 

Episode XXIII 
Scene: South Bend. 

Pageant of Nations. 

Episode XXIV 
Patriotic Finale — Grand chorus composed of about 5,000 children 
from the Public and Parochial Schools of South Bend and Mishawaka, 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 253 

and about 1,000 members of choirs, singing societies and individual 
singers from the two cities and St. Joseph County. 

The respective scenes were put on by various organiza- 
tions of South Bend and Mishawaka and by Notre Dame Uni- 
versity. Prof. Emmett Lanihan of the latter institution gave 
Mr. Barnes invaluable assistance in the arrangement and di- 
rection of the pageant. 

H. B. Roney, who directed the music, gave an estimate of 
the performance in a published statement, which, though 
from one who had a large part in its presentation, is of some 
value in giving one a general impression of the event. The 
following excerpt is taken therefrom: 

The pathetic passing of Father Marquette in his last illness, with 
the great band like a mighty organ interpreting the sorrows of his soul 
in Massenet's "Angelus" the Indian fight with their overwhelming num- 
bers to the music of "Custer's Last Charge;" the endless campfires and 
tepees of the Indian villages; the gorgeousriess and splendor of those 
eagle-feathered, beaded and bespangled chiefs of the different tribes; 
the heartbreaking departure in seemingly countless numbers of the 
soldier-driven Pottawatomies, a scene of aboriginal tribal splendor never 
before seen, I believe in this country; the picturesque arrival of LaSalle 
in his fleet of real canoes on real water; the thrilling run of Jean 
Beaudoin and his tragic death in his sweetheart's arms; the long far- 
flung columns of children, literally thousands of them, stretching away 
in the dim light until their further lines were lost beyond the reach of 
the searchlights, then their forward sweep clad in our nation's tri-color 
massing in brilliant converging rays around a star spangled arc of blue, 
the magnificent Pullman Band and the wonderful electric lighting — these 
features unquestionably have never been equalled in the State, and I fully 
believe, in our entire country. 

Much credit must be given Chairman Miller and his com- 
mittee for keeping the St. Joseph Centennial observance on a 
high plane, clear of bauble and tinsel. In their achievement 
they acquitted themselves patriotically and honored their 
State in spirit and in truth. 

STEUBEN 

With Frank H. Walker as chairman, a partial organization 
was formed and tentative plans for a celebration were made. 
Sufficient interest, financial or otherwise, proved wanting and 
the patriotic project was abandoned. A modest recognition 
of the year was arranged in a few of the schools for Admis- 
sion Day. 



254 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

SULLIVAN 

Sullivan defaulted to the Centennial spirit of 1916. A 
chairman was secured in John S. Taylor, a young attorney, 
who guaranteed that his county v/ould take its place with 
credit alongside the other counties in the work. But he re- 
signed in April and no one could be found who would take 
interest or assume responsibility. Repeated letters to the 
secretary of the Sullivan Commercial Club were ignored. The 
man, or the woman, of the hour was not in evidence in this 
county, with the result that it helped bring up the rear of 
the Centennial procession, if indeed it could be said to be 
in the procession at all. 

In addition to the lack of a leader, the little show of in- 
terest on the part of the school authorities, "and newspapers, 
contributed to this regrettable situation. 

The township of Farmersburg celebrated the Centennial 
of its founding along with that of the State. Merom also 
manifested some patriotic interest in the anniversary. 

The Woman's Club of Sullivan gave an Admission Day 
program, one feature of which was a talk on "how the Centen- 
nial was observed in the different cities," minus Sullivan ! 

SWITZERLAND 

It is a real regret that nothing can be recorded from pic- 
turesque little Switzerland County and Vevay, rich in his- 
torical and literary associations so dear to the loyal Hoosier. 
Forrest Iddings, connected with the schools of the county, 
took up the work as County Chairman with apparent hearti- 
ness, but for some cause it was not prosecuted with vigor and 
no plans of observance were ever reported. In justice to 
Mr. Iddings it should be said that Switzerland was not his 
home county and he was doubtless somewhat handicapped 
thereby. But what an opportunity for "The Hoosier School 
Master" of 1916! 

TIPPECANOE 

Though bearing such charmed names as Tippecanoe, La- 
fayette and Purdue, it was with the greatest travail that this 
county gave any evidence of a Centennial consciousness. It 
was not for the want of individual souls who had the vision, 
of which there v/ere not a few. County Chairman Brain- 



COUNTY CELEBRAl'iON?: 255 

ard Hooker, county school superintendent, and Prof. G. I. 
Christie of Purdue University, were both in attendance at 
the December conference, getting and exchanging ideas on 
county celebrations. They were but representative of other 
Tippecanoe citizens. 

Chairman Hooker effected a thorough county organization. 
He began the work in the schools, for which he issued an 
outline observance program. He suggested subjects for in- 
vestigation and report on points of local history. Original 
papers, based largely on original sources, were written and 
filed in Mr, Hooker's office. 

The County Committee fixed upon a week in the latter 
part of May for a celebration, for which it was making plans. 
It counted upon an appropriation from the County Council 
sufficient to finance the patriotic project. Failing in that, it 
announced, the last of March, the indefinite postponement of 
the celebration, claiming that an adequate popular subscrip- 
tion would be impossible in view of other heavy demands. 
This regrettable decision was heralded far and wide, not only 
proving an unpleasant reflection upon the county but mili- 
tating against Centennial celebration efforts in other parts 
of the State. 

To the credit of the Lafayette press be it recorded that the 
Courier and Journal came out with strong editorials, depre- 
cating the abandonment of the Centennial plans and urging 
their resumption. Feeling the disgrace of the situation, rep- 
resentatives of town and university attempted at a meeting 
in June to revive the enterprise, affecting a reorganization, 
with Judge H. H. Vinton at its head. After repeated and 
earnest but ineffectual efforts to elicit information from 
Judge Vinton, the Commission gave up the Tippecanoe situa- 
tion in despair. The reorganized committee must have done 
the same, for after its appointment nothing more was heard 
of a county celebration. 

But Purdue University was to be reckoned with. At the 
eleventh hour it did for the county what, apparently, the 
county could not do for itself. With but two or three weeks' 
preparation, it presented on October 31, on Stuart Field, a 
pageant in celebration of the birthday anniversary both of the 
State and of its founder-patron, John Purdue. 

The pageant was given in the afternoon, opening with the 



256 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

arrival of Miss Indiana and her twelve handmaidens, repre- 
senting the counties of 1816. Indiana, finding the Place 
Beautiful, is prevailed upon to tarry and behold the evidences 
of progress wrought during the century. Father Time re- 
fuses to tarry, but allows the Hours and Days to remain for 
a brief period of recreation and pleasure. 

The Dance of the Hours, in the presence of the grouped 
counties, constituted the second episode. In the third epi- 
sode. Day requests Indiana to tell something of the university, 
its purpose and relation to the State. The Spirit of Indiana 
consents to do this, and then surrounded by the various 
groups, she summons forth by means of the magic fire of 
memory the Spirits of the Past. 

Next, History and Education appear hand in hand, fol- 
lowed by the Spirit of the University, followed by a tableau, 
"The Spirit of 76." The site of the city of Lafayette is 
pointed out by its father, Wm. Digby, to the illustrious French 
nobleman whose name it bears. John Purdue appears, and 
with his associates, selects the site of the future University. 

Episode five, participated in by eighty young ladies, was 
symbolic of the aims of the University. "Purdue of Today" 
was the designation of the last episode, comprising athletic 
activities and a military drill. 

The pageant was written and directed by Bernard Sobel 
of the English department, and was put on by three hundred 
and fifty people. 

In the evening an old melodies concert was given in 
Fowler Hall, followed by an ode to Indiana by Miss Evalene 
Stein. The address of the occasion was delivered by Father 
John Cavanaugh, president of Notre Dame University and 
a member of the Indiana Historical Commission, on the sub- 
ject, "What Constitutes a State." It was a strong plea for 
a better appreciation of the religious element as the funda- 
mental factor in effective state building. 

TIPTON 

If holding a formal celebration is to be taken as the cri- 
terion, Tipton may be summarily dismissed, for it had none. 
So far as the county as a whole getting into the Centennial 
spirit is concerned, there is little to be said. It was appar- 
ently not interested. Yet, strange as it may appear, doubt- 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 257 

less the best piece of work in the State with children was 
done in the town of Tipton. 

The Indiana Historical Commission in outlining the pur- 
pose and ideals of the year's observance had iterated and re- 
iterated the fact that it was to be historical, educational and 
patriotic. To many people this was mere verbiage. To some 
it was the expression of an exalted motif. Among these lat- 
ter was Mrs. Sam Matthews, in charge of the city library of 
Tipton, which became a radiating center of Centennial in- 
terest and enthusiasm. 

Among the children of the town and community, Mrs. 
Matthews organized the Indiana League of Counties, each 
member taking the name of some Indiana county for which 
that member became sponsor for information, historical or 
otherwise, concerning it. At regular meetings, interesting 
facts concerning the counties were presented. Obviously, this 
program to be complete involved upwards of one hundred 
children. And there was a waiting list! 

Under the inspiration of its presiding genius, the League 
gave an excellent account of itself during the year. From 
September 1915 to May 1916, the League met at the library 
every Saturday and conducted what v/as known as the Indiana 
story hour. In the winter, in keeping with the spirit of the 
year, it gave an Indiana Products dinner or luncheon. It 
donated to the Pioneer Mother Monument fund and to the 
state park project. It planted an elm tree in the library yard 
on Arbor Day. It launched the enterprise of a memorial 
marker in honor of General John Tipton, for which it do- 
nated the sum of twenty dollars. During the first week in 
May it conducted an Indiana art exhibit, giving on each eve- 
ning an Indiana program. 

Ebert Allison was Tipton County's Centennial Chairman 
and he gave much time and devotion to the cause. He was one 
of the first of the County Chairmen to conduct a live, newsy 
and informational Centennial department in the local press, 
the latter in Tipton being fully cooperative. 

A popular movement was started to secure funds for the 
erection of an auditorium in the Tipton County park as a 
Centennial memorial. While the citizenship did not rally to 
the enterprise sufficiently to put it across in 1916, as had been 
planned, subscriptions to the amount of $2,250 were made. 



258 TtlE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Another memorial was promoted in Tipton that was dis- 
tinctive. The retired gentry who by long habit make a ren- 
dezvous of the court house, and known locally as the senate, 
proposed the erection in the city park of a log house. Volun- 
teer logs were called for from over the county and a cabin of 
substantial proportions was raised under the auspices of the 
Tipton Senate. 

March 17 was observed as Centennial Day in the schools 
of the county in much the same way as in other counties in the 
State. 

At the annual banquet of the Chamber of Commerce in 
Tipton, March 14, the Indiana products idea was observed. 
The Director of the Indiana Centennial was present and spoke 
of state-wide Centennial activities. Judge Dan Waugh talked 
of permanent memorials as embodied particuarly in state 
parks. 

Some work in keeping with the year was done by the clubs 
in the county, especially by Indiana study clubs. 

Tipton County was represented in the Centennial Caval- 
cade of the Counties on October 6 by Miss Blythe Burkhardt. 

UNION 

The combination of Union and Liberty was all but un- 
beatable as a Centennial challenge. And, although one of the 
smallest counties in the State, it seemed to realize that it 
carried an extra burden of responsibility and extended itself 
accordingly. It held one of the early celebrations of the year 
and one of the most praiseworthy. 

S. W. Creed, the enthusiastic and capable County Chair- 
man, did not presume to put on a celebration without the most 
careful preliminary work and preparation. By the first of 
the year he had a respresentative, v/orking county organiza- 
tion effected, which held weekly meetings for the laying and 
perfecting of plans. Each township had its own organiza- 
tion. The splendid cooperation of College Corner was indi- 
cative of how all rivalries, real or fancied, were forgotten and 
all worked together for the success of the Union County ob- 
servance. 

Much good work was done in getting the citizenship edu- 
cated up to the celebration or, in musical terms, raising them 
to celebration pitch, the v/ork in which so many counties were 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 259 

lamentably weak. Shortsighted chairmen who thought that 
an element of success in a celebration was in putting it over 
in the shortest possible time, could have learned much from 
the procedure in Union County. 

In the first place, the Union committee was fortunate in 
the patriotic and generous support of its newspapers, the Lib- 
erty Express and Liberty Herald. 

They not only gave full publicity to Union County's plans, 
but were very liberal in the use of the weekly News-Letter 
issued by the Commission, thus keeping their readers in- 
formed of the progress of the work over the State. 

Under the supervision of the county school superintend- 
ent, C. C. Abernathy, a series of articles on various phases of 
county history, was contributed by teachers, pupils and citi- 
zens generally, and published in the local papers. 

March 3 was made Centennial Day in the schools. Super- 
intendent Abernathy issued printed circulars to his teachers, 
outlining the general plan for the day and offering suggestive 
topics for programs. The latter were participated in by pu- 
pils, teachers, officers and patrons. Some schools had all-day 
exercises, with community dinner at noon. An exhibit of rel- 
ics was made by each school. 

The Centennial spirit was carried into the graduating 
exercises, in v/hich essays were read on phases of state and 
local history, which were also dealt with by the Commence- 
ment speakers. The schools also took part in the county cele- 
bration. 

The latter was held June 15 at Liberty, and won unstinted 
praise from the press of neighboring counties. The parade 
was heralded as one of the biggest and best ever seen in south- 
eastern Indiana. With more than fifty floats, to say nothing 
of the automobiles, it was said to be tvv^o miles in length, and 
furnished a distinct surprise to visitors from larger places. 
This occurred in the forenoon. 

After dinner, the social atmosphere of the olden times was 
reproduced in the giving of colonial dances on the green, and 
old-fashioned cotillions, following which the Centennial ad- 
dress of the day was delivered by Archibald M. Hall of In- 
dianapolis. Music for the celebration was furnished by the 
Indianapolis News' Newsboys Band. 

In the evening an operetta, "Hiawatha's Childhood," was 



260 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

presented by local talent in the Coliseum. In this building 
a two-day exhibit was made of an excellent collection of relics 
and heirlooms. 

The Union County celebration was thoroughly Centennial 
in character and greatly to the credit of the Centennial bodies 
and the whole citizenship. Union also put in appearance at 
the state celebration, being represented in the Cavalcade on 
County Day by Mrs. Ruby Little. 

VANDERBURGH 

Vanderburgh County, or Evansville — they are almost one 
and the same — led the pageant procession in the Pocket, and 
it was a procession in which no county was missing. The 
Vanderburgh Centennial observance was practically embodied 
in a great pageant given May 10 and 11, in connection with the 
State G. A. R. Encampment. 

It was a real community enterprise into which the city 
entered whole-heartedly and joyously. The pageant was 
written by Mrs. Albion Fellows Bacon of Evansville, one of 
Indiana's well known and well loved women, and it v/as di- 
rected by Carl Dreisch, also a local citizen. The business men 
of Evansville rallied to its support in a financial guarantee. 
Instead of having to plead for people to take parts in the 
pageant there were more volunteers than there were parts, 
according to Mrs. Bacon, who reports that all together, nearly 
four thousand people participated in the performance. 

The pageant was arranged for a two evening presenta- 
tion. It opened with the Mound Builders, dim lights suggest- 
ing the mystery that hangs over the early history of this 
country. In brighter light there followed the portrayal of 
Indians, the trappers and hunters, the pioneers, the early set- 
tlers and the Rappites and Owenites. One scene was devoted 
to the two capitals, Corydon and Indianapolis. One scene 
presented the birth of Indiana's first nev/spaper; another a 
torchlight political procession of 1840. 

The second night's presentation began with the story of 
the Civil War. One of the most original features was found 
in the development of the use of fire as symbolical of the 
progress of civilization. Starting as the Indian's wigwam 
fire, it became the settler's campfire, the Civil War campfire 
and then the forge fire of modern industry. On the second 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 261 

evening much emphasis was placed upon the advancement 
of education, inchiding all the practical and humanitarian arts 
which have made for the comfort and physical betterment of 
the people. 

A mere recital of the barest outline can convey no idea of 
the spirit and beauty of the pageant. Much was made of 
symbolism, made doubly effective by the wonderful color ef- 
fects wrought by ingenious lighting. The pageant was given 
on such a scale — in Bosse Field — as to be necessarily imper- 
sonal. There was no dialogue. It was a great, impressive 
spectacle. 

In the Grand Army parade, which was one feature of the 
celebration, floats depicting historical scenes were introduced. 

Howard Roosa, versatile editor of the Evansville Courier, 
was Vanderburgh's Centennial Chairman, and the Centennial 
enthusiasm displayed in the Pocket district as a whole was 
due in part to his cooperative spirit and that of his friends. 
George S. Clifford, public spirited citizen of Evansville, as- 
sisted in presenting the Centennial plans and ideals to the 
school teachers of that section. 

The spirit of Evansville is further shown in the sending 
of five or six hundred of its school children to the Corydon 
celebration, in which they participated. 

VERMILLION 

Though getting a late start, Vermillion County rounded 
out the year with one of the most unique and inspiring cele- 
brations held anywhere in the State. In November 1915, 
Taylor C. Parker, superintendent of the Newport schools, ac- 
cepted the county chairmanship and began formulating plans. 
In January he resigned, however, for political reasons. The 
Commission then attempted to secure a chairman in Clinton, 
the large town of the county, but failed. 

Attorney Chas. N. Fultz of Newport, a young man deeply 
interested in things historical, was secured in February, to 
fill the vacancy. In cooperation with the county school super- 
intendent, he began Centennial educational work in the 
schools, arrangements being made for giving appropriate pro- 
grams in connection with closing day exercises in the spring. 
Mr. Fultz himself visited several of the schools, which he ad- 
dressed. In view of the geographical condition of the county 



262 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

and its distribution of population, it was found very difficult 
to put on a county celebration, particularly with Newport as 
a center, and in July, Mr. Fultz found it necessary to resign. 

Through the initiative of Professor Donald DuShane, 
newly elected superintendent of the Clinton schools, and with 
whom the Commission had been in touch in Jefferson County, 
Mr. J. W. Pierce, Editor of the Clintonian, was secured as 
chairman, in September, and preparations were zealously un- 
dertaken for a celebration at Clinton in the southern part of 
the county. The newspapers cooperated, among which hon- 
orable mention should be given the Cayuga Herald, which con- 
sistently supported the Centennial movement throughout the 
year. 

October 12 was chosen as the date of celebration, and the 
day was made one of great patriotic significance. In Clinton, 
with its many elements of population, much is always made 
of Discovery, or Columbus Day. Hence a combination was 
very advantageously made, wherein the Centennial anniver- 
sary of the State was celebrated along with that of the dis- 
covery of the country which to the foreigner has proved the 
land of opportunity. Another and distinctive element in the 
observance is found in the fact that the celebration was held 
on the very spot where, exactly one hundred years before, 
the first white settler entered land in what later became Ver- 
million County. Several. descendants of this first settler were 
present at the observance. 

The striking feature of the day was the parade, which was 
literally, a "parade of the nations," the most interesting thing 
about which, as the Clintonian declared, was, of course, the 
people themselves, of whom there were about 4,000, repre- 
senting almost every country on the globe. Each "nation" 
represented some phase or feature of its own history, on a 
background of loyal Americanism. There were enough "char- 
ter member" Americans to give adequate recognition of their 
own history, general and local. Suggestive of the spirit of the 
day was the "Melting Pot" group. On this float were repre- 
sentatives of the following peoples: French, Welsh, Greek, 
Italian, Norwegian, Scotch, Finnish, Roumanian, Hebrew, 
Choctaw, German, Polish, Lithuanian, Slovak, "American," 
Chinese, Rhenish, Slavonian, Austrian, Hungarian, Irish, 
Swedish and Servian, with Bohemian and English missing. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 263 

Unrepresented peoples were: Spanish, Portuguese, Negro, 
Danish, Macedonian and Syrian. The float bore all varieties 
of flags, the Stars and Stripes over all, with the motto, "One 
Country, One Language, One Flag." 

In the speaking program, various foreign elements spoke 
for Americanism, Peter Savio for the Italians, John Kur- 
peikis for the Lithuanians and K. B. Czarneki for the Poles. 

In the afternoon, games and amusements, dear to the 
people's hearts, were indulged in. An educational feature of 
the day was an exhibit of relics, quaint, historic and odd, 
made in the library assembly room and arranged by the Fri- 
day Literary Circle. 

A large audience gathered in the evening to enjoy a dis- 
tinctive Centennial program. Readings and speeches remi- 
niscent and historical were given, together with a fitting 
tableau, representing the different nationalities laying aside 
their native flags and taking up that of the United States. 
Music peculiarly fitting to the occasion was an enjoyable fea- 
ture of the evening. 

In reporting the celebration, Chairman Pierce summed up 
the results thus: "With Americans participating alongside 
all other nationalities, a sense of unity and common patriotism 
was stirred and foreign-born were interested in the history 
of their State and adopted home." 

VIGO 

Old Vigo County proved a good promiser but a poor per- 
former. It had a thoroughly wide-awake and enthusiastic 
chairman in Prof. Herbert Briggs. Indeed, his enthusiasm 
fairly bubbled over Vigo County and was drawn upon freely 
to help start things elsewhere in the State. His zeal was a 
continual encouragement to the State Commission. 

Beginning in the summer of 1915 to lay plans for a cele- 
bration commensurate with the historic importance of the 
county, he effected a complete organization. In fact there 
may have been too much "overhead" organization, as was 
suggested in an editorial in a local paper on "Regardin' Terry 
Hut" in which it was stated that "a list of committees was 
appointed as long as from Fifth street to the river bridge." 
Preparations were made for an elaborate celebration in Oc- 
tober, including a great pageant. The press agents were 

16—15997 



264 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

doing their part well. But some one interposed a question of 
finance — and that's how the trouble began. Said the Terre 
Haute Tribune, *'The Centennial celebration does not know 
whether it will go on or not, money 's so scarce. Showing that 
a Centennial celebration is human after all !" Finally the situ- 
ation was so hopeless that an announcement was made calling 
on people to contribute ten cents per head toward the cause 
and asking them to drop around somewhere or other and de- 
posit their dimes! This stroke of Centennial finance com- 
pleted the story and the result was summed up in the one line 
in the Tribune "Lost — one public spirit." Practically all of 
the Terre Haute celebration which materialized was a Centen- 
nial ball which was given at one of the hotels of the city on 
October 20. It must be recorded however that a representa- 
tion for Vigo in the Cavalcade of the County Day Parade at 
Indianapolis was arranged. 

Finally, in connection with Admission Day, the State Nor- 
mal, under the leadership of Professor W. 0. Lynch, did for 
Terre Haute and Vigo what they had been unable to do for 
themselves. Professor Lynch wrote a drama of Indiana his- 
tory covering the period of statehood to the close of the Civil 
War, which was presented by the faculty and students of the 
Normal to packed houses on three successive nights. Pre- 
pared as it was by a thorough student of our history and in- 
stitutions, the portrayal was impressively realistic and was 
most enthusiastically received. An Admission Day program 
was given by the Third Ward Civic Society in the Montrose 
School Building. 

WABASH 

Some observance of the Centennial was made in Wabash 
County, but the real spirit of the year apparently failed to 
appeal convincingly to its people. To begin with, it was with 
great difficulty that the movement was started at the county 
seat. It was not until March, when the Vice-President and 
Director of the Commission visited Wabash and addressed a 
small meeting there, that an organization could be started. 
Owen J. Neighbours, City Superintendent of Schools, ' was 
made County Chairman and manifested commendable inter- 
est, especially considering that he was a comparatively new 
resident of the State and county. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 265 

Committees were appointed, the chairmen of which served 
as an executive committee, besides which was a general ad- 
visory committee. Local chairmen were appointed in each 
township. But there seemed not to be enough enthusiasm to 
make the wheels of all this machinery go round. 

Plans were laid for a county celebration to be held Sep- 
tember 3 to 6, shortly after which the coming of the Allen 
Shows was announced with "clean, refined and up-to-date" at- 
tractions with which to liven up the week! Sufficient inter- 
est was not aroused to carry out the program adequately as 
outlined. Pastors were asked to preach appropriate sermons 
on Sunday September 3, and in the evening a union Centen- 
nial service was held when addresses were made by Rev. E. 
L. Gillard, Rev. Frank E. Jaynes and Dr. Schell of Dayton, 
Ohio. 

On Monday, a marker was dedicated at Treaty Spring, 
on the scene of the making of a treaty with the Indians in 
1826. The unveiling of the tablet was by Miss Janet Jones, 
great-great-granddaughter of Hugh Hanna, founder of the 
town of Wabash. Miss Jones represented the county in the 
Centennial Cavalcade on County Day of the State celebra- 
tion. Wednesday was Old Settlers' Day, an annual event in 
the county, which was given a Centennial flavor. 

In brief, the Centennial idea was not sufficiently strong 
in the county to "fly with its own wings." It was not even 
developed to any appreciable degree in the public schools of 
the county. At North Manchester, a Centennial feature was 
announced in connection with a fair. 

At Roann "Booster Days" were observed the middle of 
October, but there was enough of the spirit of the year mani- 
fested to prepare and present a very creditable pageant under 
the direction of Mrs. G. H. Brodbeck, presenting in broad out- 
line the history of the State. 

The Friends Church of Wabash observed Centennial Sun- 
day during the state celebration in a very profitable and com- 
mendable manner. In the morning an historical address was 
delivered by Prof. Harlow Lindley, Secretary of the Commis- 
sion, showing the prominent place Friends have taken in the 
development of the State. The afternoon was devoted to re- 
hearsals of local Friends history in its many interesting 
phases. 



266 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

WARREN 

The observance in Warren County was restricted almost 
wholly to the schools. T. A. Clifton, editor of the Williams- 
port Pioneer, first undertook the chairmanship, accepting the 
appointment in the summer of 1915. Before the end of the 
year he removed from the county, necessitating the selection 
of another chairman. Rather under protest, Harry Evans, 
County School Superintendent, took up the work, but with 
his regular duties hardly had the time to follov/ it up vigor- 
ously and organize his county. 

In October, in cooperation with the township trustees of 
the county, a decentralized county observance was arranged 
on the basis of the schools. A schedule of celebrations was 
made out beginning October 20 and ending November 10, 
which was carried out except in three cases where plans were 
upset by an epidemic of scarlet fever. Programs were ar- 
ranged which included patriotic music, reviev/ of state and 
local history, recitations, display of relics, parades, etc.. Pine 
Village and West Lebanon presented a rather elaborate pro- 
gram which included pageant features illustrative of state 
history. 

WARRICK 

It would have been strange indeed had not "Old Warrick," 
mother county of the "Pocket" which displayed such patriotic 
appreciation, done itself proud in the observance of the State 
Centennial. It was rather slow in getting started and in 
some respects did not so nearly reach the entire citizenship 
of the county as would have been desirable. Apparently the 
school authorities were blind to the significance of the year. 
At least there is no evidence at hand that they recognized the 
anniversary in connection with the year's work or that they 
even cooperated in the plans of the county organization. 

Nevertheless Warrick had a splendid celebration, due in 
large part no doubt to the public spirit, determination and 
perseverance of its county chairman, W. L. Barker. It was 
a two-day observance and took place at Boonville, Septem- 
ber 28 and 29. It was an historical observance in concep- 
tion and execution, in which the history of the county was 
re-enacted by its own people. 

Its crowning event was a pageant in which 1,300 people 



COUNTY CELEBKATIONS 267 

took part. It was literally home grown, written and directed 
by home people and dealing with home life of the past. It 
was a composite product, being prepared by Mrs. Ada Hop- 
kins, Mrs. Nell Fulling, Miss Gladys Gough, Mrs. Natalie 
Wilson and Wm. L. Barker. The director of the pageant was 
T. P. Tillman. From the very artistic "The Book of the 
Pageant," the following introduction is taken which well sets 
forth the nature and scope of the pageant. 

The pageant of Warrick County presents in dramatic form and 
chronological order five important periods in the county's history. 

Episode I deals wholly with the period of Indian occupation, and 
graphically depicts the savage or semi-civilized habits and customs of 
the native American race. 

Episode II, which covers those eventful years of the first decade of 
the Nineteenth Century, 1803-18, records with historical exactness the 
arrival and establishment of the county's earliest white inhabitants, and 
portrays in vivid setting the lives of those strong and great-hearted men 
and women — our worthy pioneer ancestors. 

In Episode III is shown in panorama the original extent of the 
"County of Warrick" as established by Act of the Indiana Territorial 
Legislature in 1813; and also is told in impressive and artistic detail 
the story of its social, political and geographical progress. 

Bringing, as it does, again to our minds and hearts the thought of 
that humble and lowly "Man of the People," now revered and exalted 
as the Great Emancipator, but who as a backwoods boy tramped the 
rough roads of Old Warrick on his way to his new home across the 
Wabash, Episode IV is fittingly named The Lincoln Episode. 

The three scenes of Episode V are vividly recalled by many of our 
citizens. Scenes wherein is given authentic representation of The Call 
to Arms, The News of Morgan's Raid and The Return of the Boys in 
Blue — all stirring events of the great Civil War, as witnessed upon the 
Public Square in Boonville. 

All parts of the pageant are taken by citizens of the county, and 
many individual characterizations are portrayed by lineal descendants 
of the historic personages named in the context. 

The pageant was given in the evening and was opened 
with a beautiful fantasy in v/hich Pan rules supreme, in the 
presence of the Wood Nymphs, the Fireflies, the Butterflies 
and the Blossoms, the Fairies, the Moonbeams, and the Star- 
lights, who dance about in an abandon of joy and freedom, 
suddenly to be dispersed by the intrusion of the Red Man. 

Though the principal one, the pageant was not the sole 
feature of Warrick's celebration. An excellent concert was 
given by a chorus assembled from the different towns and 
townships of the county by Mrs. Mina Thornburg and directed 



268 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

by Miss Marion Graham. The chorus likewise furnished the 
music for the pageant. 

An appropriate and eloquent address was delivered by 
Judge Roscoe Kiper. 

In connection with the home coming feature of the cele- 
bration there was held a reunion of those who had taught 
school in the county thirty years or more before, at which 
fifty people qualified and formed an organization looking 
toward an annual reunion. The first signer, Edward Gough, 
had taught his first school in Warrick County just a half cen- 
tury ago. 

There was a big industrial parade in which historical fea- 
tures were introduced. 

On the evening of the first day a series of historical and 
symbolic tableaux was presented in the court house square, 
before an immense audience, the tableaux being arranged by 
Mrs. Laura Bennett, Mrs. Nanette Kiper and Frank Cody. 

Two exhibits were on display, first, an array of pioneer 
utensils and old relics which filled two storerooms, and sec- 
ond, an exhibit of agricultural products. 

The observance was not only a success in its immediate 
purpose, that of patriotically observing the natal year of the 
State, but was also eff'ective in bringing town and country 
together in a united effort. 

WASHINGTON 

Heir to the birthplace of John Hay and the home of Wash- 
ington C. DePauw, heir to the ideals of the early Quaker set- 
tlers embodied in the name of its county seat, heir to the old 
associations of learning and culture which made it the Attica 
of early Indiana, and possessed of sons and daughters who 
appreciate this rich heritage, Washington County showed it- 
self worthy of its honored past in its recognition of the Cen- 
tennial Year. 

The Washington County Historical Society took the lead 
in the patriotic enterprise, its president, Wm. B. Lindley, be- 
coming the county chairman. The organization was later 
broadened somewhat, but to Chairman Lindley and his loyal 
associates in the above named organization belongs the chief 
credit for the adequate and dignified way in which the county 
acquitted itself. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 269 

Preparations for the observance were begun early and on 
a solid foundation. At the very beginning of the year the So- 
ciety issued an admirable circular setting forth its desire to 
assist in securing all kinds of material bearing on the his- 
tory and early life of the county, the same to be safeguarded 
in the Salem library. The communication was addressed par- 
ticularly to the schools of the county and detailed sugges- 
tions were offered as to ways in which the facts could be 
gathered. The circular also contained an official statement 
by Orra Hopper, county school superintendent, declaring Jan- 
uary 28 to be Washington County Historical Day in the 
schools for the furthering of the purpose set forth by the 
County Historical Society. 

In 1914, Salem celebrated its own Centennial anniversary. 
On the evening of its 102nd anniversary, April 4, 1916, the 
Woman's Club of the town held an open, patriotic meeting 
as a means of arousing interest in the State Centennial, when 
an address on the subject was given by the Director of the 
Indiana Historical Commission. 

The county celebration took place August 25-27 at Salem. 
The first day was given over largely to a general program of 
speeches and patriotic music. The distinctive feature of the 
day, if not indeed of the whole celebration, was the dedication 
of an artistic marker which had been placed at the old home 
and birthplace of John Hay. The memorial address was deliv- 
ered by Willard 0. Trueblood, pastor of the First Friends 
church of Indianapolis, a native son of Washington County. 

On the following day the Old Settlers idea was empha- 
sized both in the music and in the addresses by former citi- 
zens. Drills and folk dances v/ere presented by the schools 
of Salem. 

Union patriotic services were held in the churches on Sun- 
day. The sermon in the afternoon was given by President 
Robert L. Kelly, of Earlham College. 

The big event of the celebration was the pageant given in 
the court house square on Saturday evening. A summer 
storm came up in the midst of the presentation, com- 
pelling a postponement until an evening the first of the week. 
The pageant was given under the energetic and capable super- 
vision of Mrs. F. P. Cauble. 

The first part was devoted to the Indian period in which 



270 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

the most interesting scene was based on an incident in local 
history, having to do with the abduction by the Indians of two 
boys of the neighborhood. 

Part two consisted of five scenes portraying the different 
phases of pioneer life. Local color was again given in the 
reproduction of a Quaker wedding. 

"Slavery and War," was the subject of the third period, 
scene one presenting the home of Levi Coffin, president of 
the Underground Railroad, and demonstrating its part in 
helping fugitive slaves to freedom. In the scene picturing 
the beginning of the war the original scene attending the 
presentation of the flag at Salem was put on. Morgan's raid, 
sweeping through Salem as it did, gave ample opportunity 
for a stirring and realistic reproduction of local history. 

The fourth period dealt with the remarkable early educa- 
tional development of the county, and with the literary attain- 
ments of the State, the latter being featured in an authors' 
episode. 

A pleasing feature was the giving of George Ade's "Girls 
of Indiana," presenting in turn the Indian girl, the French 
girl, the Linsey Woolsey girl, the Hoop Skirt girl, the Bustle 
girl, the Puff Sleeve girl, the Hobble and Slit Skirt girl, and 
the girl of today. In short it was a musical Centennial style 
show. 

WAYNE 

It is the irony of the year that the home county of the 
Secretary and Director of the State Commission should make 
about the worst showing of any county in the State, every- 
thing considered. B. F. Wissler of Cambridge City, a man 
active in the Wayne County Historical Society, and with a 
deep appreciation of the true significance of the year, was 
appointed County Chairman and succeeded in organizing a 
good, representative committee. 

Richmond proved the stumbling block. A few public 
spirited citizens of the town worked faithfully to stir up in- 
terest but without avail. Various conferences were called by 
Mr. Wissler and special efforts were made by both the Secre- 
tary and Director of the State Commission toward getting 
a worthy celebration under way, but without success. When 
it was found that Richmond would not cooperate, attempts at 
a county observance were abandoned. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 271 

Then, to cap the climax, the Commercial Club of Richmond 
promoted a street fair and carnival in October under the name 
of a Centennial Exposition which was of such a nature as to 
call forth a formal protest from the local Ministerial Asso- 
ciation. It was a travesty on the high and patriotic purpose 
of the Centennial Year. 

While the county as such did not participate in the state- 
wide Centennial movement, some recognition of the year was 
given within its borders. It was very fitting that the historic 
town of Fountain City, once known as Newport, should ob- 
serve the anniversary. It did so in May by holding a remark- 
able heirloom exhibit, the proper display of which required 
the greater part of the public school building. Special in- 
terest attached to the observance from the fact that the town is 
the seat of the old home of Levi Coffin, famous as the President 
of the Underground Railroad and whose home was used as a 
"Grand Central Station." Mrs. 0. N. Huff was chairman of 
the committee under v/hose leadership the exhibit was held. 

Determined that his ov/n town at least should show a pa- 
triotic appreciation of the year, Mr. Wissler wrote a play 
based on the early history of Indiana and the Old Northwest 
Territory, which was presented before a very large audience 
in the local opera house by the Cambridge City High School. 

On October 8 the Friends churches of Richmond con- 
ducted Centennial anniversary services in keeping with the 
concerted action of that religious denomination in Indiana. 

THE EARLHAM PAGEANT 

The outstanding Centennial event in Wayne County was 
the Earlham-Quaker pageant, "In Quest of Freedom," which 
ranked as one of the distinctive pageants of the year. It 
was given during Commeivcement week under the auspices of 
the Senior Class of Earlham College, the entire college body 
participating. The pageant portrayed the Quaker emigra- 
tion from the Carolinas to the free soil of the North and the 
settlement in the Whitewater Valley, together with the ac- 
tivities of Friends, emphasizing their educational interests 
centering in Earlham College. It presented a happy harmo- 
nization of the symbolic and the real, upon the motif of the 
quest of freedom, intellectual and spiritual as well as physical. 



272 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

This is suggested in the following lines from the Prologue, ad- 
dressed to Freedom: 

We come today a little band of Friends — 

E'en loyal friends of Freedom, Justice, Peace, 

And if so friends of God. Midst clashing arms. 

Midst shaking thrones, our fathers learned what Thou 

Wouldst speak. Espoused they, thy sister Peace. 

Unmoved by war's alarums, true to Her 
They thought them true to Justice and to thee. 
Far be it that we vaunt their fame and ours. 
All eager in thy cause have even we 
Against thee often sinned. Full long has been 
The learning of the lesson deep that bond 
Removed from human flesh is token mere 
Of Freedom of the Soul. And that can ne'er 
Exist, where mind and heart are stultified. 

Thy way has sometimes weary been and long 

We've traveled, in the path of liberty 

So boldly, nobly trod by those before 

To this new promised land, thy heritage. 

But gathered here on Wisdom's sacred ground 

Forever dedicated to thy cause. 

We tell the story of our quest for thee. 

And may that holy quest ne'er ended be. 

To thee may each day bring new tribute full, 

To thee our Queen and thrice blest trinity. 

The following outline of the pageant will indicate its scope 
and content: 

PART I 

Introduction. 

Pageant Processional — Hymn to Freedom. 

Prologue. 

Hymn to Freedom, Send Forth Thy Light. 

PART II 
In Body Politic. 
Episode I In the Land of Bondage. 
Scene 1. The Issue. 
Scene 2. The Departure. 

Episode II Following the North Star. 
Scene 1. Arrival and Settlement in the Whitewater Valley. 

Episode III Proclaiming Liberty to the Captive. 
Scene 1. Close Connections on the Underground Railroad. 
Scene 2. The Right of Petition (Henry Clay Incident, 1842.) 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 273 

Episode IV The Times Which Try Men's Souls. (1861-1865.) 
Scene 1. The Quaker Testimony (1861). 
Scene 2. The Quaker Contribution (1865). 

PART III 

In Mind and Heart and Soul. 
Episode V The Founding of Earlham. 

Scene 1. The Vision. 

Scene 2. "Second Day, Sixth Month, Seventh." (1847.) 

Scene 3. Teaching by Example. 

Episode VI Recognition of the "New Learning" and the Aesthetic. 
Scene 1. Introduction of Science and Music. 

PART IV 

Finale 
Episode VII Fulfillment and Promise. 
Scene 1. Centennial Observance. 

"In Quest of Freedom" was given before large audiences 
in the afternoon and again in the evening. The following 
comment is taken from the Richmond Item: "Resplendent 
with color, dignified with the exaltation of an inspiration, 
beautifully and historically costumed, well balanced in music, 
poetry and dialogue, and enhanced in the evening by elaborate 
electrical effects, the pageant moved along without a hitch or 
a flaw from beginning to end. . . . The sombre hue of the 
19th century Quaker costumes and their seriousness of life 
contrasted strongly with the brilliant historic and symbolical 
background. . . . Every minute of the presentation, re- 
quiring more than two and a half hours, was replete with in- 
tense interest to the vast audiences, the members of which 
were completely absorbed in the development and unraveling 
of the incidents of the drama." 

The pageant was directed by Mrs. Mary H. Flanner of 
Indianapolis, who directed the New Harmony pageant in 1914, 
and by Miss Edna Johnson of the Earlham Faculty, assisted 
by Walter C. Woodward, the writer of the pageant, an alum- 
nus of Earlham and hitherto a member of its Faculty. 

Miss Laverne Jones, an Earlham student, represented 
Wayne in the Centennial Cavalcade on County Day and other 
Eax'lhamites took part in the parade of the counties. 



274 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

WELLS 

After a considerable amount of discussion and planning 
during the year, the Wells County celebration finally resolved 
itself into a county automobile parade September 29, partici- 
pated in largely by school children, on one day of the annual 
Bluffton street fair. Credit should be given Nottingham 
township for being the one township in the county which 
showed sufficient appreciation of and interest in the occasion 
to prepare floats for the parade. It likewise secured the elec- 
tion of one of its young ladies, Miss Maxwell Morris, as Wells' 
representative in the Cavalcade of the Counties at Indian- 
apolis on October 6. 

Following the parade on September 29, an appropriate 
address was delivered by Dick Miller of Indianapolis. 

There was no organized eff'ort to interpret the meaning 
of the year to the children through the work in the schools. 
The school authorities of the county seemed inert and inap- 
preciative of the rare opportunities afforded by the year. 

Herman F. Lesh, clerk of the Wells Circuit Court, was 
county chairman. 

WHITE 

It is alphabetically only, that White County marches in 
the rear of the Centennial procession. Otherwise, it kept 
step with the leaders in the van of the counties. It was one 
of the first to begin preparations, and its celebration was 
one of the later ones, yet the Centennial interest grew through 
the preparative process of education, and was sustained for 
more than a year, culminating in a most worthy observance. 

One reason for this very satisfactory situation is found 
in the fact that in the early beginning, the right Centennial 
foundation was laid. A County Chairman was early found 
in W. H. Hamelle of Monticello, president of the White 
County Historical Society, who grasped at once the Centen- 
nial idea and its possibilities for White county. He began 
at once to lay his plans accordingly, and though he himself 
did not see them through to completion, the high ideals for 
which he strove, were followed throughout. 

The County Centennial organization was largely a school 
organization, consisting chiefly of the school officials and 
teachers of Monticello, and the Superintendent of the county. 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 275 

Frequent committee meetings were held at which the scope of 
the work was carefully outlined. The Secretary kept full ac- 
counts of all meetings, together with the frequent notices in 
the local papers, which were later turned over to the White 
County Historical Society. In passing it should be noted that 
the county press gave very hearty support to the Centennial 
movement, having much to do v/ith its success. 

In the way of advertising, the Committee issued an illus- 
trated leaflet setting forth the purposes of the observance 
and announcing the county celebration for October 5, 6 and 
7. It also published a series of post cards, with illustrations 
of points of interest in the county, principally historical. 

On the first of February, Indiana history and the Centen- 
nial were given considerable attention at the County Teach- 
ers' Institute. Mr. Hamelle himself presented the subject 
directly to the teachers, and Logan Esarey of Indiana Univer- 
sity gave an address on Hoosier life and characteristics. 

On February 22nd, the County Committee put on at Monti- 
cello, an Indiana Products Day Dinner — which won honor- 
able mention from the office of the Commission — with an 
appropriate Indiana program. 

March 17th was Centennial Day in the White County 
schools, on which eight town schools and many of the county 
schools, presented delightful and appropriate programs. That 
the day v/as made highly educational as well as patriotic and 
entertaining, was evinced by the collection of original Indiana 
Souvenir programs contrived by pupils, which were sent in 
to the Director of the Indiana Historical Commission. Most 
of these were arranged in the form of a map of the State and 
were very artistic. 

In June of the Centennial year, Mr. Hamelle resigned as 
County Chairman and was succeeded by Vice-Chairman J. M. 
Leffel, Superintendent of the Monticello schools, who put 
through the county celebration in the first week of October. 

The celebration led oflf with Woman's Day, when the pro- 
gram was in charge of the Club women of White County, led 
by Mrs. C. S. Preston of Monticello, as Chairman. The prin- 
cipal address of the morning was given by Miss Adelaide 
Steele Baylor, of the State Department of Public Instruction, 
upon the subject, "New Ideals in Education." In the after- 
noon, Juliet V. Strauss, the Country Contributor, spoke on 



276 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

"How Mother Gets Her Halo." In addition to these two ad- 
dresses, short talks were made by women of the several towns 
of the county, on the general topic of community improve- 
ment. In the evening a greatly appreciated old-time melodies 
concert was given, followed by a fashion show, in which the 
women of the county appeared in the various costumes that 
have been in vogue from the time of Minnehaha to that of 
the belle of 1916. A clever feature was a dialogue between 
Miss 1816 and Miss 1916, by two young women of Wolcott. 

Friday, October 6th, was Education Day, and Saturday, 
the 7th, Community Day, the principal feature of which was 
the County Pageant, the first part of which was given on 
Friday, and the second on Saturday afternoon. On the even- 
ing of Friday, Logan Esarey gave an address on "The Hoos- 
iers." In the forenoon there was a parade of historical and 
industrial floats, participated in largely by Monticello, sup- 
ported by the town of Idaville and Jackson township. On 
Saturday morning a program of old time and present day 
athletic sports was given. 

The pageant was presented in the city park before audi- 
ences estimated at from 5,000 to 10,000 people on each day. 
It was written and directed by Miss Emma B. Shealey, of the 
city schools, and was participated in by 1,500 pupils from 
over the county, but principally from Monticello. It showed 
careful research in preparation, giving an admirable presen- 
tation of the history of White County, and so presented as 
to make it graphic and impressive. The outline follows : 

Opening Dance. 
The Spirit of the Wilderness rejoices in his undisputed possessions. 
He summons his companions, the Spirits of the Forests, of the Rivers, 
and of the Meadows. 

Episode I The Indian 
Scene 1. The Mound Builders. 

a. The Burial of a Chief. 

b. The Hunting Party. 

(On the banks of the Monon in White County is a mound 

made by the Mound Builders.) 
Scene 2. The Coming of the Spirit of Tippecanoe. 

Interlude I. War Dance of the Pottawattomies. 
Scene 8. The Battle of Tippecanoe. 

(Among the heroes who fought and fell at Tippecanoe was 

Colonel Isaac White for whom White County is named.) 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 



277 



Scene 4. Village of the Pottawattomies. 

(Seven miles north of Monticello was located a Pottawat- 

tomie village.) 
Scene 5. The Coming of Father Petit to the Pottawattomie Village. 

(Father Benjamin Marie Petit, a French missionary, made 

frequent visits to the village.) 
Scene 6. Father Petit singing an "Ave Maria" to the Indians. 
Scene 7. Pottawattomie Treaty of October 2, 1818. 

(By their Treaty part of White County was ceded to the 

General Government by the Indians.) 

Interlude II. Indian Girl Scarf Drill. 
Scene 8. The Coming of the Pioneer. 

Episode II The Pioneer 

Scene 1. Arrival of the Pioneer. 

(Joseph Thompson, George A. Spencer and Benjamin 
Reynolds came to White County in 1824.) 

Scene 2. The Pioneer's Prayer. 

Scene 3. Trading-post of the Weas. 

(White County pioneers often visited this post.) 
Solo — "On the Banks of the Wabash Far Away." 

Scene 4. Pioneer Wedding, 1834. 

(John Luce and Sallie Hazelton married by Justice of the 
Peace George A. Spencer.) 

Scene 5. Pottawattomie Treaty of 1836. 

(By this treaty the Pottawattomie Indians agreed to re- 
move within two years to the country west of the Missis- 
sippi River.) 

Scene 6. Migration of the Pottawattomies of White County in 1838 
from Twin Lakes. 

Scene 7. Frances Slocum. 

a. Abduction of Frances Slocum from her home in Wyo- 

ming Valley, Pennsylvania. 

b. Marriage of Frances to a chief of the Miami tribe. 

c. Refusal of Frances to return with her relatives to 

Wyoming Valley. 
Scene 8. The Coming of the First Mail in White County. 
Scene 9. The Pioneer Home. 

Bees: Husking-bee, Quilting-bee, Apple-paring. 
Scene 10. The Pioneer Church. 
Scene 11. The Pioneer School. 

Recess: Weevily Wheat, London Town, Leapfrog, Oats, 

Peas, Beans, Barley. 
Scene 12. The Pioneer Singing School, 
Scene 13. First County Board Meeting, July 19, 1834. 
Scene 14. The Locating of Seat of Justice, September 5, 1834. 
Scene 15. First Session of Circuit Court at the Home of George A. 

Spencer, in 1834. 

Interlude III. Pioneer Dances. 
Minuet, Virginia Reel, Dan Tucker. 



278 



THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 



' Episode III The State 

Scene 1. Admission of Indiana into the Union, 1816. 

Solo— "Indiana." 
Scene 2. The Underground Railway. 

a. Abduction of Dinah Washington. 

b. Escape of Robert Harris from the officers. 

c. John and Rhuann outwit their former master. 
Scene 3. Battle of Franklin, Tenn., 1864. 

(In this battle Captain James G. Staley of Monticello was 
killed.) 

a. The Departure for War. 

Interlude IV. Bugle Call, Military Drill. 
Cavalry Drill. 

b. The Battle of Franklin. 

c. Home from the War. 

Solo— "Take the News to Mother." 

(The regiment from Purdue and the cavalry from Culver 

take part in the battles.) 
Scene 4. The Spirit of Peace overcoming the Spirit of War. 
Scene 5. "White County" prevails against the World in the Spirit of 

Patriotism. 

Interlude V. The Flag. 

a. Living Flag Drill. 

(Three hundred twenty-five pupils.) 

b. Salute to the Flag. 

c. Lowering of the Flag. 

Solo— "Don't Let the Flag Touch the Ground, Boys." 
Chorus — "Red, White and Blue." Audience. 
Scene 6. Peace, the Message of America. 
Chorus — "America." Audience. 

During the celebration a most excellent display of pioneer 
relics was made in the windows of Monticello's business 
houses, this important feature of the observance being ably 
managed by J. B. Van Buskirk. It gave impetus to a move- 
ment to house such relics in a permanent museum. 

To the credit of the management, be it said that the cele- 
bration was financed by popular subscription, no street carni- 
val attractions being tolerated. The observance was purely 
civic, educational and patriotic, and Superintendent Leffel re- 
ported that it established an interest in clean celebrations. 
The county proposes to place a marker on Tippecanoe Battle 
Ground, where fell Col. Isaac White, for whom the county is 
named. 

Since the White County celebration was in progress during 
the state celebration at the Capital, White County could not 



COUNTY CELEBRATIONS 279 

participate directly. However, the "exiles" of the capital, led 
by E. H. Wolcott, saw that White was well represented in 
the County Day Parade. 

WHITLEY 

It is regrettable that Whitley County cannot be credited 
with having closed the Centennial procession of the counties 
in a blaze of glory. Considerable interest was shown but 
there was a fatal lack of aggressiveness in putting things 
through, as well as a lack of initiative in the formulation of 
plans. 

The committee, headed by E. L. McLallen, arranged for 
the publication of some articles on the history of the county 
in the local papers. It was instrumental in the organization 
of the Whitley County Historical Association. Two public 
meetings, well attended, were held early in the year at Colum- 
bia City, addressed respectively by Miss Charity Dye of In- 
dianapolis and Mr. S. M. Foster of Fort Wayne, members of 
the State Commission, at which the plans and purposes of the 
Commission for the year were eloquently set forth. Centen- 
nial programs were given by the women's clubs, and rather 
extensive observance was made in the Columbia City schools. 
Greater attention was given to Indiana history and literature 
in the schools of the county generally. Yet, in the physical 
indisposition of the chairman in the summer, for a part of 
the time at least, the committee failed to push matters to a 
conclusion in the direction of a county celebration. It claims 
the credit for the suggestion for the erection of a new city 
hall at Columbia City in 1917, and for winning the approval 
of the citizens in behalf of the project. 



17— 1599J 



Indiana Centennial Jubilee 

Indianapolis 

October 2-15, 1916 



The first two weeks of October were devoted to a series 
of civic and patriotic demonstrations at Indianapolis show- 
ing one hundred years of religious, civic, educational and com- 
mercial expansion in the Hoosier State. The following 
program was carried out : 

Monday, Oct. 2 — Grand review of fraternal and patriotic 
organizations in streets of Indianapolis. 

First of six performances of Pageant of Indiana, covering 
the history of the State, at Riverside Park, beginning at 
4 p.m. 

Tuesday, Oct. 3. — Home coming of "Hoosier exiles" from 
other States, to meet kith and kin from over Indiana. Ad- 
dresses of welcome at Soldiers' Monument. 

Pageant of Indiana at Riverside Park, 4 p. m. 

Wednesday, Oct. U. — Exposition of Indiana Fine and Do- 
mestic Arts, and Home Industries, covering a century of art 
development, showing paintings, fashions in clothing, furni- 
ture, etc. Open every day in October at John Herron Art 
Institute. Admission free. 

Pageant of Indiana at Riverside Park, 4 p. m. 

Convention of Ohio Valley Historical Association at Clay- 
pool Hotel. 

Thursday, Oct. 5. — Pageant of Indiana at Riverside Park, 
4 p. m. 

Convention of Ohio Valley Historical Association. 

Friday, Oct. 6. — Indiana County Day. Processional 
pageant in Indianapolis streets of historical floats, contributed 
by Indiana counties, headed by a cavalcade of young women 
on horseback, each representing her home county, led by "In- 
diana." At night a great reunion of all Hoosiers at State 
Fair Coliseum, with Hon. William H. Taft, speaker. Centen- 
nial medley, reviewing Indiana military, popular and folk 

(280) 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 281 

music by a band of sixty musicians. Concert by county 
massed bands, the audience joining in "On the Banks of the 
Wabash." 

Pageant of Indiana at Riverside Park, 4 p. m. 

Saturday, Oct. 7. — Olympic Games and Athletic Contests 
for Indiana Centennial Championships. Mass drills by men, 
women and girls; athletic contests by college and high school 
athletes. State Fair Grounds, 2 p.m. 

Pageant of Indiana at Riverside Park, 4 p. m. 

Sunday, Oct. 8. — Centennial sermons in Indianapolis 
churches and throughout the State. 

Pageant of Indiana at Riverside Park. 

Monday, Oct. 9. — Industrial and Labor Parade in Indian- 
apolis streets, with floats showing the development of Indi- 
ana Commerce and manufacturing. Indiana Centennial Fire 
Prevention Day. 

Tuesday, Oct. 10. — Processional Pageant in Indianapolis 
streets by Indianapolis church denominations, showing the 
religious development for 100 years. 

Indiana Authors' Night, the Little Theater Company of 
Indianapolis presenting plays dramatized from Hoosier books, 
covering the history of the State, beginning with "Alice of 
Old Vincennes." At Indiana Masonic Temple. 

Wednesday, Oct. 11. — Public Health Parade in the city 
streets, showing the old and modern method of safeguarding 
the public welfare. 

Thursday, Oct. 12. — Historical Highway Day. Motor pa- 
rades over all the important state roads, concentrating at In- 
dianapolis at noon in a mass parade to the State Fair 
Grounds. Monster Good Roads meeting at the Coliseum in 
afternoon. President Wilson to speak. 

Friday, Oct. 13. — Parade and Educational Day at State 
Fair Grounds. Flag drill by 30,000 Indianapolis public school 
children. Demonstrations in which Indiana colleges and pub- 
lic schools will participate. 

Opening of Centennial Music Festival by Boston-National 
Grand Opera Company, with world-famous artists, full 
chorus ballet, orchestra, with complete costumes and scenery. 
Three operas at Murat theater, with "Andre Chenier" the 
opera for Friday night. 



282 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Saturday, Oct. 1^. — Boston-National Company in the 
Japanese opera, "Iris" (matinee) . "Faust," with great Wal- 
purgis ballet, (night), Murat Theater. 

Sunday, Oct. 15. — Grand finale of Indiana Centennial cele- 
brations for the year at State Fair Coliseum. Boston- 
National Grand Opera Company with principals, chorus and 
orchestra, supported by all the singing societies of Indianapolis 
— making a musical force of 800 people — in Verdi's oratorio, 
"Requiem," the greatest presentation that has been given this 
oratorio in America. 

Grand Review of Patriotic and Fraternal Organizations 

October 2. 

The first day of Indiana's formal centennial celebration 
at Indianapolis opened auspiciously with bright October sun- 
shine. In the afternoon at two o'clock the Grand Review of 
Patriotic and Fraternal Organizations began. Thousands of 
members of the lodges and patriotic orders in the State, 
most of them in their uniforms or other picturesque costumes, 
passed in parade through the business parts of the city. 

The procession was headed by a squad of motorcycle 
policemen and a double platoon of mounted men. Inspector 
of Police, Charles Barmfuhrer, followed in a police emer- 
gency automobile. Next in line was the police drill team 
under Captain Ball and Sergeants Thomas and Sanders. Mr. 
W. L. Heiskell, grand marshal of the parade, and his staff 
followed. 

The second division was led by members of Indianapolis 
Lodge No. 211, Order of Eagles. At the beginning of this 
group were three men with drum, flag, and fife, who were 
dressed to represent the "Spirit of '76." There followed a 
marching circle of thirteen men in costume representing the 
thirteen original States in the Union. Following these was 
a single file of seven men who represented the next seven 
States admitted to the Union. Indiana was the sixth in the 
procession, appearing as the nineteenth State admitted. 

Next in the parade came General W. B. Gray, commanding 
the Indiana Brigade of the Uniform Rank, Knights of 
Pythias. He and his staff were followed by automobiles con- 
taining the grand chancellor, the supreme lodge officers, past 
grand chancellors, deputy grand chancellors, and grand lodge 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 283 

committees. Others represented were various temples of 
Pythian Sisters, the Marion County Knights of Pythias Cen- 
tennial Committee, candidates for the page rank, grand lodge 
representatives, members of lodges from out of the city, and 
Marion County lodges. 

The fourth division was led by the members of the Tribe 
of Ben-Hur. The members of the order were preceded by 
three gilded chariots, patterned after those used in the races 
in ancient Rome. Other members of the order rode in a float 
depicting a ship of ancient design. 

Following in order came the members of the Daughters of 
the American Revolution, the Ladies of the Maccabees, the 
Relief Corps of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Loyal 
Order of the Moose, and the German Veterans' Association. 
The last group had their cannon which is used on the court 
house grounds each Fourth of July to fire a salute. The Elks 
also were represented. 

The last division included members of the Knights of Cos- 
mos, the Royal Neighbors, the Yeomen, the Knights and La- 
dies of Honor, and the veterans of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. 

Governor Ralston, Mayor Bell, Charles A. Bookwalter, 
chairman of the centennial committee, and members of the 
committee reviewed the parade from the balcony of the Hotel 
English. More than a dozen bands from various sections of 
the State added to the occasion, and this first celebration was 
regarded as a great success. The parade was in charge of 
W. L. Heiskell of the Knights of Pythias Lodge, and the 
favorable results were due mainly to his efforts. 

Home Coming Day, October 3 

In answer to "An Invitation to You and Your Folks from 
Jim and Some More of the Home Folks," compiled by George 
Ade for the Indiana Historical Commission, thousands of 
Hoosiers and Hoosier "Exiles" came to Indianapolis to cele- 
brate "Home Coming Day" on October 3. 

As planned, the reunion was an informal gathering around 
the Indiana Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument. Early in the 
afternoon, the Indianapolis Military Band gave a concert at 
the speakers' stand at the south entrance to the Monument. 
The stand was decorated with the national colors and with 



284 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

blue and gold, the centennial colors. The program started 
when the band began to play "On the Banks of the Wabash" 
which was accompanied by much applause from the audi- 
ence. Addresses of welcome were made by Governor Ral- 
ston, Mayor Bell, Richard Lieber, and Charles A. Bookwalter. 

Mr. Bookwalter, chairman of the Indiana Centennial Com- 
mittee, spoke briefly, introducing Mr. Lieber who was chair- 
man of the day. Governor Ralston told of the origin of the 
idea of the centennial celebration and of the steps that had 
been taken to bring it about. He reviewed the achievements 
of the State and called attention to the Monument, about 
which they were assembled, as reflecting the spirit of the 
people of Indiana. He closed his address with a most cordial 
welcome to the returned Hoosiers. 

Mr. Lieber spoke of the glory of the State of Indiana and 
her historic past, and urged the people to be conscious of their 
present duties in order to continue the progress already made 
in this one hundred years. 

Mayor Bell briefly emphasized the "welcome home" spirit 
which typified the celebration. 

An informal reception followed, in which many persons 
crowded around the platform to greet the speakers. 

The committee had made the program for the day short 
so that friends would have time to visit with one another. 
Many family reunions among old Indiana families had been 
arranged for this occasion. Also, many hundreds of people 
visited the John Herron Art Institute to see the collection of 
historical relics which had been gathered from all parts of the 
State for the special centennial exhibit. In the latter part of 
the afternoon, thousands of persons went to Riverside Park to 
see the Pageant of Indiana. 

Governor Ralston's Address at Monument, Home Com- 
ing Day, October 3, 1916 

Mr. Chairman, Ladies and Gentlemen : 

The 69th General Assembly of the State of Indiana made 
provision by statute for the celebration of the one hundredth 
anniversary of the admission of Indiana into the Federal 
Union. This it did that this historic event might be given 
proper recognition by the citizenship of our commonwealth. 
The law providing for this centennial also provided that a 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 285 

non-salaried Historical Commission of nine members be ap- 
pointed by the Governor to have charge of the celebration. 
The Commission was given the authority by this act to pro- 
vide how the centennial should be staged. It was the de- 
sire of the Legislature, and respected by the Commission, 
that recognition should be made of the birth and the first one 
hundred years in the life of our State, in such manner as 
would be in keeping with her dignity, and her progress as one 
of the great States of the Union. 

The appropriation for this was not large. In fact, it was 
very small, when considered in connection with what it was 
designed to cover. But the pride of the Hoosier in our tra- 
ditions and his devotion to the perpetuity of the things that 
make for the glory and the security of free government, is 
such that the Legislature stipulated that a part of this ap- 
propriation should be used for historic research, and in col- 
lecting and compiling historic documents; so that something 
of a permanent character might be contributed to the State's 
history. 

I have been greatly honored as the Governor of Indiana 
in having a small — a very small — part in the preparation 
properly to honor my state's one hundredth anniversary, and 
I want to avail myself of this opportunity to thank publicly 
in the name of the State the men and women — the fine spir- 
ited citizens — who have given so much of their time, so much 
of their energy and so much of their money in making a suc- 
cess of the celebration we are enjoying this week. I wish 
all the people might know — each personally know — the labor 
and the thought and the intelligence the members of the 
Indiana Historical Commission have given for more than a 
year to their work; and in addition that they might know 
of the scores of men and women throughout the State who 
have in truth and in fact made personal and financial sacri- 
fices, in their efforts to have the citizenship of Indiana prop- 
erly to recognize the honor, as well as the labor, that has at- 
tended every step in the unfolding of the life of our State 
and the glory culminating in this her one hundredth anni- 
versary. And just here, too, I should not fail to recognize 
the invaluable services rendered by the press of the State, in 
its free publicity and unselfish advocacy of this celebration. 
These things have all been done in a spirit of civic service, 



286 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

because those who have done them love their State and are 
equally conscious of the love of all our people for Indiana. 

We are proud individually and collectively of Hoosier 
achievements. Indiana has developed agriculture to a high 
state, and her industrial life places her in the first ranks of 
modern progress. Her art and poetry, her music and educa- 
tion, are the exponents of a virile and masterful people, while 
her religious life shows her faith in an overruling Providence 
and her recognition of an inspiring power beyond herself. 

Our people have made at every turn in the life of their 
State a more thorough equipment for the future; for they 
have realized that the real character of a State representing 
equality, equity and brotherhood, depends upon the ideals 
towards which they move. They have held to the belief that, 
no matter how strongly the ship at sea be constructed, sooner 
or later she will be dashed to pieces upon the rocks if her 
crew be not qualified for their duty, and alert in guiding her 
course. For this reason they have always felt a keener in- 
terest in their state's development and the deepest possible 
pride in her destiny. 

There is something suggestive in the particular place at 
which we have assembled today. We are clustering about 
the very heart of the capital city of our State, and around the 
base of the wonderful monument erected and dedicated by a 
free citizenship in honor of Indiana's soldiers and sailors. It 
is the finest artistic expression of a people's appreciation of 
the services of those who sacrificed for them to be found any- 
where in the world. Searchers who come to this State from 
afar, in pursuit of knowledge touching the sentiments, the sac- 
rifices and the history of a free people, stand uncovered in 
the presence of this noble structure, while they drink in the 
lessons of patriotism and progress taught the world by our 
people in its building. As we stand here today gazing upon it 
and recalling something of the history of our State and coun- 
try, we can hear the voices of our heroic dead pleading with 
us to become stronger in our love for civil liberty. From this 
monument all that is grand and ennobling and enduring in a 
masterful people's life smile upon us and guarantee to us, so 
long as we are loyal to our State and unselfish in her service, 
a future eclipsing in wealth and material progress, in culture 
and strength of character, their achievements of the past. 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 287 

We may well pledge anew on this centennial day our devotion 
to our State and our service to our nation, made indissoluble 
by the men whose memory this monument perpetuates. 

Never before in her history was Indiana prouder of the 
place she holds in the galaxy of American States than is she 
in this, her centennial year, 1916. Never before in her his- 
tory was she stronger in her devotion to the institutions of 
our common country, and in her love for the flag of the na- 
tion — a flag that symbolizes the finest aspirations and the 
highest hopes of the American people. In this good year of 
her centennial anniversary she hails that banner as represen- 
tative of faith and brotherhood; liberty and justice — true 
children of the American republic, purchased by the blood of 
patriots and for all time civilization's imperishable jewels. 
She loves the flag because it is an inspiration to the Ameri- 
can citizen and a light to the world. She loves it because it 
is higher today than ever before in the face of the world, seek- 
ing to lead the nations of the earth to peace — a peace that 
shall endure with time. The citizen understanding its sig- 
nificance grows stronger in his patriotism as he contemplates 
the wonderful things back of it. Back of it stands the sacred 
honor of a nation. Back of it are the families, the homes, 
and the institutions of a free people. It represents their best 
heart throbs and holiest aspirations. Every one who salutes 
this emblem of national integrity, of national unity, and of 
personal liberty, should be profoundly impressed with the ob- 
ligations his salutation imposes upon him in the discharge 
of his citizenly duties. Here, then, on this occasion, in dis- 
charge of a solemn duty, we may well pledge anew the loyalty 
of our State to American institutions, and again and again 
swear eternal allegiance to The American Flag! 

And now just a word to the Hoosier who has returned to 
his old home to participate in this historic event. All the 
people of Indiana welcome you, and I assure you of their ap- 
preciation of your home coming. They cannot promise that 
you will find the scenes of the old home as they were when 
you last saw it. And while this fact may in a measure sadden 
your coming, they hope you will be able to see that the changes 
that have taken place have improved conditions and been in 
the interest of society. While these changes may neutralize 
your pleasure and bring a touch of pathos to your spirits, 



288 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

they should also cheer and comfort you when you reflect that 
while such changes are inevitable in human affairs yet the 
hearts of the Hoosiers are ever true and ever warm in their 
welcome to you. 

County Day, October 6. 

The Indianapolis celebration was a state celebration par 
excellence on October 6, denominated County Day. It was 
the one day when the state participated in terms of its in- 
tegral political units. It represented the children gathering 
to do honor to the parent, although in some cases the child 
was the older of the two! It was proposed to make of Oc- 
tober 6 a grand tournament of the counties at the State Capi- 
tal — the grand finale to the state-wide activities of the year. 

The plan was realized in so far as the active cooperation 
of the counties could be secured. Several factors militated 
against making this cooperation complete. In some counties 
their own celebrations came either during or very near the 
time of the state observance, which made it difficult for them 
to participate. In others, the local celebration had appar- 
ently exhausted their Centennial capacity! Some looked 
askance at the project as a sly scheme of the capital city to put 
on a celebration at the expense of the other fellow. Yet 
others were just plain inert and indifferent. Despite these 
handicaps. County Day vied with President Wilson and His- 
toric Highway day for the honor of registering the big suc- 
cess of the two weeks' celebration. 

The counties were asked to participate in a unique pro- 
cessional pageant, in which each county was to represent, by 
float or otherwise, some distinctive phase of its history or 
development. The distinctive feature of this parade of the 
counties was the Centennial Cavalcade, consisting of ninety- 
two young ladies on horses, led by Miss Indiana. Each 
county was to select its rider by popular vote, the Commit- 
tee announcing that the young lady whose county should cast 
the largest aggregate vote, in proportion to its population, 
should be accorded the honor of representing Indiana at the 
head of the Cavalcade. To support the movement over the 
State, county auxiliary organizations were formed in Indian- 
apolis, made up of the "exiles" from the respective back home 
counties. These aroused much interest in the day as well 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 289 

as taking upon themselves, in some instances, the responsi- 
bility of seeing that the honor of the home county was duly 
upheld. 

The parade took place in the forenoon of a brilliant 
autumn day. In the van was the speaker of the day, former 
President Taft, with the Governor and Mayor. In following 
cars were the members of the County Day Committee, the 
Indiana Historical Commission, the Chairman and Secretary 
of the Illinois Centennial Commission and the County Chair- 
men, who were honor guests. 

Then came the Cavalcade, led by Miss Mary Furste of 
Huntington, as Indiana, the riders passing in single file. 
About half the counties had responded by selecting repre- 
sentatives, but the Committee secured substitutes for the 
missing so that the original conception vv^as realized. Beauti- 
fully though simply gowned, the young ladies presented a 
feature of the celebration as appealing and impressive as it 
was distinctive. 

The Cavalcade was followed by the floats of the counties. 
Some were distinctly historical, as that of Harrison, appear- 
ing with an admirable replica of the old State House at 
Corydon. Spencer, through W. E. Hartley, and A. P. Wright 
represented, respectively, Lincoln the Rail Splitter and Captain 
Spiers Spencer. Others represented some distinguishing 
characteristic or phase of development. Decatur contribu- 
ted a reproduction of its famed tree-bearing court house 
steeple; Ripley, an immense saw log, transported from its 
own timber resources; Johnson, a corn float, with prizes and 
trophies; Adams, the "atmosphere" of its honored authoress. 
Gene Stratton Porter. Others were symbolical, notably the 
beautiful Cornucopia float of Hendricks; also the exquisite 
Spirit of Progress and Civic Advancement float of Parke, with 
young w^omen representing its townships; Madison, a Peace 
float all in white, with doves attached by white ribbons, sus- 
pended in front of auto. Dubois was patriotically repre- 
sented by an immense National flag, 28x60 feet, carried by 
sixty-two men. It was loaned by the Knights of Columbus 
of Jasper. Huntington, with its own band, made the most 
ambitious showing, presenting also a finely decorated auto 
float, flanked by outriders on snow white mounts, the same 



290 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

as ridden by Miss Furste as Indiana and Miss Elva Sum- 
mers, as Huntington County. 

While a relatively small number of counties contributed 
floats, practically all were represented in the parade by citi- 
zens or former citizens. The delegations carried at their head 
large standards bearing the names of the counties, prepared 
by the County Day Committee. 

In the afternoon, interest centered in the Indiana Pageant. 

At the State Fair Coliseum in the evening, an address was 
delivered by former President William H. Taft. The theme of 
his speech is indicated in the words, "I wish today to analyze 
the principle of popular self-government, which the Ordinance 
of 1787 projected for the States to be formed out of it (The 
Old Northwest Territory) and then to consider the difference 
in the conditions which prevailed when Indiana was born, and 
those of today in the bearing on the question of the continued 
success of the rule of the people." 

Following the address a very delightful feature was a 
pageant in melody, played by the Indianapolis Military Band 
under the direction of H. W. Klausmann who arranged the 
patriotic medley. The musical pageant portrayed the his- 
tory of Indiana by means of melodies dating from the savage 
music of the Indians to the modern popular songs. The 
music revealed the state's progress through early pioneer 
days, the revolutionary period, the civil war period and the 
years succeeding by means of songs and melodies that are 
typical of that time. Incorporated in the medley were the 
"Marseillaise," to indicate the French occupation of Vin- 
cennes; "Yankee Doodle" when George Rogers Clark cap- 
tured the town from the British; "Marching Through 
Georgia," "Dixie" and Southern Plantation Songs for the 
times of the Civil War; "Break the News to Mother," etc., for 
the Spanish-American war period, and so on to the more 
sprightly selections of the modern day. The program closed 
with the audience standing and joining in the singing of "On 
the Banks of the Wabash" and "The Star Spangled Banner." 

The members of the County Day Committee were : Walter 
C. Woodward, Director of the Commission, Chairman, ably 
assisted by Miss Lucy M. Elliott, Assistant Director, Harry 
B. Smith, Robert L. Moorehead, Max R. Hyman, and Henry 
W. Klausmann. 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 291 

INDIANA CENTENNIAL MUSICAL PAGEANT 

Coliseum, Fair Grounds, Indianapolis, 
Friday Evening, October 6, 1916 

indianapolis military band 

Arranged by H. W. Klausmann 

Synopsis : 

Opens with scene in the wilderness; birds are heard singing and an 
occasional growl of a bear; Indians are heard in the vicinity — the pioneer 
arrives and begins the erection of his cabin, heard chopping down trees — 
the Fi'ench occupy Vincennes (the "Marseillaise"). Building of the first 
house of worship in Indiana. The "Ave Maria" is heard. The English 
take Vincennes ("Rule Britannia"). George Rogers Clark captures 
Vincennes from the British ("Yankee Doodle"). A colonial party ("The 
Minuet"). Disturbed by the Indians ("Alice of Old Vincennes"). Battle 
of Tippecanoe ("Bugle Call"). Cavalry approaches; Indians heard re- 
joicing with scalp dance; General Harrison disperses the Indians 
("Yankee Doodle"). Capital established at Corydon (song "Corydon"). 
Arrival of first railroad train at Indianapolis from Madison. Indiana at 
peace. A winter sleighing party in the country; the party has a barn 
dance; party returning home. 

Murmurings of discontent begin between the North and South. First 
gun fired on Fort Sumter. Call to arms in Indiana. Martial music of 
drum and fife heard in every town and village. The reveille; the mess 
call; march to the train ("The Soldier's Farewell"). Train to the bat- 
tlefield. At scene of battle. Confederate band is heard in the distance; 
Union band is heard playing the "Red, White and Blue;" Confederate 
band playing "Suwanee River;" Union band plays "Marching Through 
Georgia;" Confederate band plays "Dixie;" Union band plays "The 
Vacant Chair;" Southern plantation songs; "Taps;" "Tenting Tonight 
on the Old Camp Ground;" Assembly, "Just Before the Battle, Mother;" 
the battle; victory for the Union troops; return home; "When Johnnie 
Comes Marching Home." Indiana once more at peace. Popular songs 
of the period from 1865 to 1898. 

Indiana in the Spanish-American war. Soldiers in camp in Cuba. 
"Break the News to Mother;" Spanish band playing "La Paloma;" 
troops return; "Home, Sweet Home." Indiana celebrates the Centennial. 
Finale, band with audience joining in songs "On the Banks of the 
Wabash," "Star-Spangled Banner." 

Olympic Games and Athletics, October 7 

The centennial celebration on Saturday, October 7, took 
yie form of flag drills, athletic contests, dancing in various 
forms, and gymnastics. The program was given before an 
enormous audience at the State Fair Ground. 

In the morning the athletic preliminaries took place, in 



292 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

preparation for the finals which were run in the afternoon. 
The afternoon program opened with a most impressive flag 
drill, in which two thousand sixth grade school children in 
Indianapolis, under the direction of Dr. W. A. Ocker, took 
part. 

The Olympic games and athletic events which followed 
were participated in mostly by students from the Indianapolis 
High Schools; the Thorntown and Southport High Schools; 
the Indianapolis, the Indianapolis Colored, and the Gary Y. M. 
C. A.'s ; and Wabash and Franklin Colleges. The winners in 
the contests were presented with centennial medals by Theo- 
dore Stempfel. 

Dancing and gymnastics followed on the program. Com- 
bined women's classes of the Independent, Socialer, and 
South Side Turnvereins, under the direction of George Lipps, 
took part in the aesthetic dancing. An exhibition of folk 
dancing, depicting the historical changes in the dance, was 
given by the girls' classes of the Turnverein, under the di- 
rection of Curt Toll. The free exercises by the combined 
men's classes of the three Turnvereins and the Y. M. C. A. 
were under the direction of Hans Reuter. This was followed 
by an exhibition of club swinging by students of the Normal 
College of the North American Gymnastic Union, under the 
direction of Emil Rath. 

The entire program was under the general direction of 
Theodore Stempfel and a committee composed of Carl 
Viebahn, George Lipps, Hans Reuter, Emil Rath, C. B. Dyer, 
Gus Braun, Dr. W. A. Ocker, John L. Graff, James H. Lowry, 
W. B. Harding, George H. Westing, and Cullen Thomas. 

Industrial and Labor Parade, October 9 

The Industrial and Labor Parade, representing one hun- 
dred years of development and progress along industrial lines, 
was witnessed by about fifty thousand persons. It was re- 
garded as one of the most successful parades of the Centen- 
nial celebration. Rivalry among manufacturers and labor 
organizations caused many clever and unusual floats to be 
made. The procession was one of the two night celebrations 
scheduled for the second week of the celebration. The line of 
march was illuminated brilliantly from the glow of red fire 
torches; also, almost every float had electrical decorations. 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 293 

The parade was in five divisions and was directed by 
Major Jesse T. Johnson, grand marshal, Major Pearl A. 
Davis, chief of staff, and their aids. "Miss Indiana," on 
horseback, impersonated by Miss Hazel Mockford, was at the 
head of the procession. 

The progress of years was shown in various ways. The 
Central Union Telephone Company showed how long distance 
communication by telephone differed from the earlier method 
by messenger. The Indianapolis Telephone Company exhib- 
ited the operations of a modern telephone exchange with the 
new automatic instruments employed. The Polk Milk Com- 
pany showed how the milkman used to measure the milk from 
a large can instead of delivering it in sanitary bottles. Or- 
ganized Labor, among other things, showed the old and new 
methods of typesetting. The Indianapolis Traction and Ter- 
minal Company had an old-time street car drawn by two 
mules. This was followed by other types of cars, including 
the latest model of interurbans. Bicycles and automobiles of 
all styles appeared in the procession. 

A large representation of Boy Scouts attracted attention 
by a float which bore the words, "Character Factory." The 
manual training development of a group of scouts was ex- 
hibited on the float. The "Ship of State," drawn by six 
black horses belonging to Kingan and Company was regarded 
as one of the most beautiful floats. 

Processional Church Pageant, October 10 

Churches of every description and faith, from the might- 
iest cathedral to the tiniest mission, united to show, by means 
of a centennial church procession, what Indiana has done in 
the way of religious progress in the course of the past 
century. The result was a huge, impressive parade, with beau- 
tiful floats showing the highest degree of artistry and origin- 
ality, and hundreds of automobiles filled with men, women 
and children, all combining to impress a vivid lesson in the 
history of religion in Indiana. 

One especially striking feature about the parade was the 
music. Ordinarily, a parade without band music is not to 
be thought of, but, with the exception of two or three bands, 
which thundered out such stirring airs as "Onward Christian 
Soldiers," the music was provided by the church people who 



294 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

took part in the parade, and who united — in automobiles 
and floats — in singing hymns. The parade was illuminated 
by torches carried by Boy Scouts. 

Thousands of persons thronged the downtown streets to 
witness the parade and cheered loudly when it came into 
view, headed by Sergt. Johnson and a platoon of mounted 
police, riding eight abreast, and followed by a band. The 
procession formed on North Meridian street, passed south 
around Monument Circle, east to New Jersey street, south to 
Washington street, west on Washington street to Senate 
avenue, and north to Ohio street. Governor Ralston, Mayor 
Bell, Rabbi M. M. Feuerlicht, the Rt. Rev. Francis S. Chatard, 
the Rev. C. H. Winders and a number of ministers and their 
families viewed the parade from the balcony of the Hotel 
English. The grand marshal of the procession was Franklin 
L. Bridges. 

Each denomination or faith had a division of its own, and 
each vied with the other to produce beautiful effects, or, at 
least, to have the most automobiles in line. The Indianapolis 
Sunday School Association came first with a decorated boat 
float and a score of automobiles, draped in flags. 

The Congregational Church division was headed by a float 
representing an aeroplane, gay with streamers and with its 
propeller whirling. It was followed by more flag-draped 
automobiles from the various Congregational Churches of the 
city. 

The First United Brethren Church, built in 1808, was 
shown in miniature, mounted upon a truck, and bearing a 
poster telling of the 60,000 members it now boasts. The 
Church Federation, with large banners telling of the aims 
and objects of that organization, filled three automobiles, 
Morton C. Pearson riding in the first. The Business Men's 
Bible Class was a feature of this division. 

In other decorated automobiles, which were decked with 
flags, flowers or striking color combinations, came the Indian- 
apolis Local Council of Women and the Mothers' Aid Society, 
the Fairview Settlement float, a glimpse into one of the cot- 
tages receiving much applause, as did the float depicting the 
doleful end of the ''liquor traffic," consigned to a black cas- 
ket. The Salvation Army passed in two open hacks — in one 
of them the Salvation Army Band — and they sang such songs 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 295 

as "Rescue the Perishing," with vigor. The Pentecostal 
Bands, occupying two or three open vehicles, and also sing- 
ing indefatigably, followed them. 

On the Y. M. C. A. float a number of athletes in "gym" 
suits and in the center of the float John L. Graf, physical in- 
structor, and little Lawrence Schmidt performed their famous 
balancing and tumbling stunts. The Y. M. C. A. boys, a lively 
group of youthful pedestrians, followed the float. 

A group of singing children, on a float decked in green 
and white, was the offering of the St. Paul M. E. Church. 
Loud applause was vouchsafed the Y. W. C. A. float, all white 
and gold and palm branches, with three white-clad heralds 
blowing golden trumpets. This float was followed by repre- 
sentatives from the Harley Gibbs Settlement. 

The various episodes of the 275 years of Quakerism were 
presented, the section being headed by a Quaker on horse- 
back, depicting the old-time Friend. In this section were the 
"Quakers of 1856," a pioneer family in an ancient "rockaway" 
carriage, and the "Quaker of 1916" in a modern automobile. 
Timothy Nicholson of Richmond, one of the oldest Quakers 
in the State and the founder of the State Board of Charities, 
rode all alone in an automobile, and was much applauded. 

The Catholic churches of the city had contributed some of 
the most elaborate and picturesque floats in the parade and 
the section was one of the largest. The Holy Cross parish 
float was especially beautiful. It vv^as all white. In the front 
was a huge illuminated cross and about the cross stood chil- 
dren in the costume of angels. Another beautiful float was 
that of the St. Agnes Academj^ — a yellow chariot filled with 
pretty girls garbed in yellow and white. A model of the 
Sacred Heart Church, with glowing windows, was another at- 
tractive feature. The Knights of St. George, in immaculate 
uniforms, marching in the form of a cross, with a huge Amer- 
ican flag in the center, drew much applause. 

All the Catholic churches and schools w6re represented. 
The pioneers of St. John's Church passed in a venerable horse- 
drawn surrey. The modern St. John's float was a charming 
affair of purple and gold. The Notre Dame and St. Mary- 
of-the-Woods Clubs had attractive floats. The Knights of 
Columbus portrayed "The Coming of the Missionaries to In- 
diana in 1617" and "The Coming of Father Mermet to Vin- 

18—15997 



296 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

cennes in 1712." Other floats showed a Jesuit missionary- 
priest presenting the cross to the Indians, Father Gibault ad- 
ministering the oath of the United States in 1778. Father 
Binquelin on his way to estabhsh a mission in 1837, and 
Bishop Brute, founder of the first free school in the State in 
1834. 

The Bertha Ballard, the Silver Creek Baptist Church, the 
Jewish congregations of the city, Butler College, Earlham Col- 
lege, Hanover College, Wabash College and the Little Sisters 
of the Poor were represented by decorated automobiles or 
floats. The Christian Church division was headed by an old- 
fashioned singing school led by the pastor. The Presbyterians 
also had a singing school float, with the singers in old-time 
costumes, and a melodeon. 

Brookside Park U. P. Church contributed the float, "Rock 
of Ages," with two young women posing at the foot of the 
cross after the manner of the figures in the famous painting. 
The Universalist Church had a float depicting Martin Luther 
and the open Bible. Indians, Pilgrims and a spinning wheel 
were artistically combined in the Pilgrim Congregational 
Church. 

The First Presbyterian Church was represented in the pa- 
rade by a float bearing a model of the Caleb Scudder cabinet 
shop, which stood at the southwest corner of the square in 
which the state house now stands. In this cabinet shop was 
organized the first Sunday school in the city, in response to 
the following summons which appeared in the Indianapolis 
Gazette of April 3, 1823 : 

''The Indianapolis Sabbath school will commence on next. 
Sabbath, the 6th day of April, inst., at 9 o'clock in the morn- 
ing at Mr. C. Scudder's shop. A general and punctual attend- 
ance of scholars is requested, and that they bring with them 
the testaments, spelling books, or such as they may have." 

The organizers were Dr. Isaac Coe, James M. Ray, James 
Blake and Caleb Scudder. The first superintendent was Mr. 
Ray. As a result of this beginning the First Presbyterian 
Church was organized a few months later. In the auto- 
mobiles following the float these early organizers and some 
of the pioneer members were impersonated by some of their 
descendants in the quaint costumes of that day. 

The Boy Scouts of America had a float depicting the vari- 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 297 

ous activities of the scouts, and a picturesque group was half 
a dozen men, clad like the old-time circuit riders and mounted 
on horses. An old-time camp meeting, with an exhorting 
pastor; a red and white float from the Epworth League, a 
float by the Methodist Episcopal Hospital, one from Moores 
Hill College and a particularly beautiful float from the Edwin 
Ray M. E. Church, consisting of a victoria entirely hidden in 
white flowers and drawn by four white horses, completed the 
parade. 

No less than one hundred thousand persons viewed the 
parade. 

In addition to this, all the churches of the city and quite 
generally throughout the State celebrated Sunday, October 
8th, as a Centennial Sunday, on which centennial sermons 
were preached by the pastors, tracing the development of 
their own denominations in Indiana for 100 years. This was 
very generally observed in Indianapolis and was considered a 
very valuable part of the centennial celebration. 

The Friends Churches of Indiana united in a state-wide 
observance of the Centennial Year, which was quite generally 
carried out. The following official communication outlines 
their endeavors : 

To the Local Friends Meetings in Indiana: 

A state-wide observance of the one hundredth anniversary of the 
admission of Indiana into the Union is now in progress. A climax of 
this observance will be had in the state celebration which is to take 
place at Indianapolis, October 2 to 15. October 8 will be known as Cen- 
tennial Sunday, to be observed not only at the capital, but through the 
State as well. 

In view of the large place which the Friends have had in the his- 
tory of our State, it seems highly fitting that the day be set apart in our 
meetings as one of commemoration. Toward this end committees ap- 
pointed by Indiana and Western Yearly Meetings have outlined a ten- 
tative program, which is herewith presented with the recommendation 
that it be followed as far as feasible. It has been arranged with the 
idea of a morning and an afternoon service, with dinner together and 
social hour at noon. If but one service can be held, an adaptation of 
this program may be made: 

Morning Service 

The Beginnings of Indiana (10 Minutes) 

The Quaker Settlement of Indiana — Sources and Causes. (10 Minutes) 
What Quakers have contributed toward the making of 

Indiana. (30 Minutes) 

Short Sermon, (15 Minutes) 



298 the indiana centennial 

Afternoon Service 
The History of the Local Meeting — 

1. Its founding. 

2. Historical sketch of its activities. 

3. Prominent M^orkers in its history. 

4. Men and women whom it has sent out to service. 

5. Reminiscences. 

The Methodist Churches of Indiana also observed the 
event in various ways. 

Most of the Methodist ministers preached a Centennial 
sermon at some time during the year, in combination with 
the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the death of Fran- 
cis Asbury, which was also celebrated the past year, through- 
out the Church. All three of the Indiana Conferences held a 
Centennial service during their sessions; at the Indiana and 
the Northwest Indiana conference. Governor Ralston spoke, 
while at the North Indiana conference a combined service, in 
memory of Asbury and Indiana's Centennial, was held. The 
"Circuit Rider Days in Indiana," by Professor William W. 
Sweet of DePauw University, was a Methodist contribution 
of the Centennial Year. 

Indiana Authors' Night, October 10. 

In order that the authors of Indiana should not be neg- 
lected in the finale of the State Centennial celebration held at 
Indianapolis in October 1916, Mrs. Albert Rabb, Chairman 
of the Indiana Authors' Committee appointed by the State 
Historical Commission, and a committee appointed by Mr. 
Charles A. Bookwalter, Chairman for the Indianapolis cele- 
bration, consisting of Mr. Hugh McK. Landon, Chairman, 
Mr. William 0. Conway, Dr. William E. Jenkins, Mrs. Mary 
H. Planner, Miss Charity Dye, and Mrs. Albert Rabb, ar- 
ranged for the public performance on October 10, 1916, of 
a series of dramatizations of selections from Indiana authors 
which would give a panoramic picture of life in Indiana dur- 
ing the hundred years of its statehood. 

The Little Theatre Company of Indiana was chosen as the 
medium of presentation, and the performance was given at 
the Masonic Temple. Upon illuminated columns at either 
side of the stage were inscribed the names of Indiana's liter- 
ary men and women, to whom tribute was paid in a Pro- 
logue written by William 0. Conway, 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 299 

The pioneer period was represented by dramatized ex- 
tracts from Alice of Old Vincennes (Maurice Thompson) ; 
Judith (Grace Alexander) ; in My Youth (Robert Dudley) ; 
Heart's Haven (Katherine Evans Blake), and by Sara T. 
Bolton's poem, "If I Were the Light of the Brightest Star" 
sung to music composed for the occasion by Mr. Frederic 
Krull. Forceythe Willson's poem, "The Old Sergeant" was 
chosen to represent the Civil War period, and for the modern 
period, dramatizations were made from Seventeen (Booth 
Tarkington) ; Doc Home (George Ade) ; and The Third Man 
(Meredith Nicholson), the program closing with an elaborate 
"Riley Masque" written by Mrs. Charles McNaull. 

The dramatizations were made by Mrs. Rabb, and the 
stage presentation was under the direction of Mr. William 0. 
Conway, assisted by Mrs. Mary H. Flanner, Mrs. Oliver Wil- 
lard Pierce, Miss Edestina Hendrix, and Mr. Howard Webster 
Adams. 

Public Health Parade, October 11 

On the afternoon of October 11, a parade showing the 
progress made in the last century in matters pertaining to 
sanitation and health was given by the public health and wel- 
fare societies of Indianapolis and Indiana, and the business 
firms that deal in supplies connected with clean and healthful 
living. The parade was under the direction of Franklin S. 
Bridges, chief marshal. It was in two divisions and was 
headed by Indianapolis policemen and by the Indianapolis 
Military Band. 

Many instructive and entertaining floats appeared in the 
procession. Attention was called to the typhoid germ by an 
old-fashioned milk wagon, drawn by a mule and equipped 
with dingy old cans, and by a huge mosquito, shown as a car- 
rier of germs from swamps. In contrast with this last ex- 
hibit was a farmer in a field of corn which was said to have 
been planted in a drained swamp. An army camping out- 
fit bore placards telling of the small percentage of typhoid fever 
in the army since the anti-typhoid vaccination had become 
compulsory. High school cadets commanded by Colonel Rus- 
sel B. Harrison appeared wearing the uniforms of Civil War 
soldiers. 

Thousands of school children, members of various school 
"health clubs" marched. The Boy Scouts formed a bicycle 



300 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

squad and also had a float, labeled "In God's Out of Doors," 
showing a camp in the woods. The playgrounds of 1816 and 
1916 were contrasted on another float. 

The Indiana State Board of Health was represented by 
oflficials of the society in automobiles and by several floats. 
The latter which related to the care of the baby and to the 
care of the teeth, were especially effective. 

Other organizations represented in the first division were 
the Indiana Anti-Tuberculosis Society, Marion County Anti- 
Tuberculosis Society, Indianapolis Board of Health, Public 
Health Nursing Association, Indianapolis Charity Organiza- 
tion Society, Children's Aid Association, Indianapolis Summer 
Mission at Fairview, Indianapolis Humane Society, Local 
Council of Women, Christamore Settlement, \V. C. T. U., In- 
diana Audubon Society, Indianapolis Medical Society, Flor- 
ence Crittenden Home, Indiana State Workers for the Blind, 
Robert W. Long Hospital, Deaconess Hospital, Sisters of 
Charity, St. Vincent's Hospital, Harley Gibbs Settlement, St. 
Francis Hospital, Christ Child Society, Graduate Nurses' As- 
sociation, Flower Mission, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., Wednes- 
day Afternoon Club, Faith Home, Indiana Dental College, 
New Century Club, and Mothers' Aid Society. 

The second division, in command of Will H. Brown, had 
exhibits which were more of an industrial nature. Many 
manufacturing firms were represented by floats showing the 
sanitary methods by which their products are manufactured. 

Centennial Highway Day, October 12 

Adopting the slogan "Let us dedicate with newer mean- 
ing our highways to the memory of the brave pioneers, and 
so wisely plan for their rebuilding that they shall become a 
real heritage to all future generations," October twelfth was 
set aside for the celebration of "historical highway day" in 
connection with the State Centennial. The date seemed un- 
usually appropriate since it was a national holiday — Discov- 
ery Day, a State centennial day, and a state highway day 
over the old historic National Road. 

Dr. I. S. Harold, whose slogan is quoted above, was ap- 
pointed State Chairman and to his efforts much of the credit 
for the success of the day is to be attributed. Luke W. Duf- 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 301 

fey was appointed chairman for Marion County. M. E. 
Noblet, secretary of the Hoosier Motor Ckib, was chosen as pa- 
rade organizer and rendered excellent service in securing 
large delegations from every part of Indiana. Divisional 
chairmen were appointed for the principal highways of the 
State leading into Indianapolis. The parade which passed 
through the down-town streets of Indianapolis on the after- 
noon of Highvv^ay Day was a notable procession in that 
through mass of numbers it proved to the State and nation 
that good roads must prevail as a national asset. The boom- 
ing of a cannon shortly after one o'clock was the signal for 
the moving of a long line of automobiles from two directions. 
Good roads advocates for Indiana points east of the Michigan 
road assembled at Washington and Noble streets. Western 
Indiana's delegation mobilized at Washington and West 
streets. The Hoosier Motor Club, the Marion County Good 
Roads Association, and all Indianapolis cars assembled in 
Kentucky Avenue south of Georgia street. Carl G. Fisher, 
chief marshal of the parade, with his staff waited at Meridian 
and Washington streets. A reviewing stand was erected on 
the south side of the Monument, to which the Presidential 
party was conducted after the luncheon given to the Presi- 
dent by Governor Ralston at the Claypool Hotel. The pa- 
rade moved in double column from Washington street, pass- 
ing on both sides of the Monument and on to the Fair 
Grounds. It was said that there never were so many automo- 
biles in Indianapolis before; and that it was the greatest as- 
semblage of people brought together through the interests of 
good roads; and the event will go dovm into history as an 
epoch-making occasion that gave a new impetus to scientific 
road building in this country ; and it was one of the important 
factors in securing for Indiana the enactment of a good roads 
law, and the creation of a State Highway Commission. 

As President Wilson had always been a good roads en- 
thusiast and had encouraged road legislation in Congress and 
finally a bill was passed appropriating $85,000,000, to as- 
sist States in building state and national roads, to be known 
as post roads, it was determined if possible to secure him for 
the day. A letter was written to him by the Chairman and 
the Governor of the State. His first answer was rather dis- 



302 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

couraging, but after almost continuous negotiations and con- 
siderable pressure being brought to bear, word was received 
that he would be in Indianapolis that day for two addresses. 
The Presidential train was late, arriving at the Union 
Sation considerably after eleven o'clock. The reception com- 
mittee, consisting of Governor Samuel M. Ralston, as Chair- 
man, Joseph Bell, Mayor of Indianapolis, Senator Thomas 
Taggart, Dr. I. S. Harold, State Chairman, and Charles Book- 
waiter, Chairman of the General Committee, went on the train 
to meet the distinguished guests and escort them to the Clay- 
pool Hotel, where Governor Ralston gave a luncheon to the 
presidential party, consisting of President and Mrs. Wilson, 
Joseph P. Tumulty, secretary to the President, and Dr. Gary 
T. Grayson, the White House physician, to which about one 
hundred guests were invited. After reviewing the automo- 
bile parade, immediately following the luncheon, the presi- 
dential party departed for the Fair Grounds at 2:15 p.m. 
Before an audience estimated at ten thousand. President Wil- 
son delivered the following address, after being introduced 
by Governor Ralston : 

ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT WILSON 

Governor Ralston, My Fellow Citizens : 

I am here because I am interested in the cause of good 
roads, and because I am interested in the State of Indiana. 

I was very much interested that this day, devoted to the 
cause of good roads, should fall in your Centennial Year. It 
made me think of many of the processes of our national his- 
tory. Roads have so knit communities together, and communi- 
ties into counties, and counties into States, and States into 
the nation, that we must learn how to think, and act, and do 
things together. This country was built up without any 
roads; these prairies, these hillsides and valleys were filled 
with population in advance of which went no roadmaker, but 
only the pioneer, making his way over the trackless wilder- 
ness, with only his gun, only a little to eat, only a few compan- 
ions. And now that you are 100 years old, after these 
unassisted processes created the State of Indiana, you are 
turning your thoughts to the necessary means by which you 
are going to knit the State of Indiana into a unit, and knit her 
with the rest of the nation, and set afoot processes which will 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 303 

make a new spirit, because of the new intercourse through- 
out the great continent which we have conquered by our en- 
terprise. 

The arguments for good roads from the material point 
of view, are very obvious. It is true, I dare say, that we had 
to wait for the rapidly moving automobile to create a large 
enough number of persons interested in good roads, which 
would run beyond mere neighborhoods ; and I am very grate- 
ful to the owners of automobiles, and to the members of 
automobile associations that they should have insisted with 
such success, upon the creation of highways. I note, inci- 
dentally, that they use them up almost as fast as we make 
them, but I will forgive them for that, if they stimulate us 
to the effort to make them, and to keep them in usable condi- 
tion. But, after all, the highway is not intended, first of 
all, and chief of all, for the pleasure vehicle. It is not in- 
tended for the mere traveler. It is not intended for the mere 
tourist. It is not made in order that some company of lei- 
surely people may travel from coast to coast of this great con- 
tinent. It is made because we need it in all the material 
uses of our lives. We need it first of all, and chief of all, in 
order that our resources may be made use of, for they can 
not be made use of until they are got to market and you 
can not get them to market unless you can get them from 
the mine and the farm, to the nearest railway station. 

You can not know what the resources of the country are 
unless the country is covered over with a network of roads 
which will release all the locked up riches of all our country- 
sides. Why, there are little pockets in the mountains in some 
places in America, where there are the richest sort of crops, 
where nature has made largest of her gifts of fertile soil and 
genial climate and abundant rainfall, but where they can 
never get their crops to market, where they burn their corn, 
so much of it as they can not feed to their cattle, where they 
raise what they do raise for the consumption of their fam- 
ilies, merely, and contribute nothing to the markets of the na- 
tion. 

For a great many years this country was covered over 
with segregated, separated, isolated neighborhoods, to which 
in the winter you could not get, because if you tried it your 
wheels would go to the hub in the mud, and where, conse- 



304 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

quently, communities were shut into their own life and to 
their own separated thought. It is perfectly obvious that 
you have got to have an intricate and perfect network of roads 
throughout the length and breadth of this great continent 
before you will have released the energies of America. 

Good roads are necessary for every practical aspect of our 
lives — to draw neighbors together, to create a community of 
feeling, to create those arteries which may be compared to the 
arteries of the human body. The blood of the nation will not 
flow in harmonious concord unless it can flov/ in intimate 
sympathy. And so the argument, the material argument, the 
argument about markets and crops and the products of the 
mines, sinks into comparative unimportance when you con- 
sider the spiritual things that you are doing in making roads. 

You know there is an old saying that the lines between 
sections are obliterated only by the feet that cross them. 
There is a very genial saying of a great English writer, that 
he never could hate a man he knew ; and I dare say that every 
man and woman here knows the truth of that. I want to 
tell you, now, that I have loved some great rascals. I have 
tried to get them into jail, but I have been very fond of 
them, and it is very difficult indeed to get close to a man 
and not find some contact of sympathy and community of 
thought. 

We are all human beings; we all touch each other at the 
heart; we are all alike down at the bottom. We may have 
had different environments; we may have been brought up 
differently; we may have been trained differently; but when 
you strip these things off, there, at the core, we are the same 
kind of people. Sectionalism is based upon the radical danger 
of every nation, namely, ignorance. The only thing that 
breeds darkness in the world is ignorance. The only thing 
that really blinds us is not knowing what we are talking 
about. The only thing that binds a nation together is the 
knowledge of its several parts of each other. 

My fellow-citizens, I need not tell you that I did not come 
here to talk politics, but there is one thing that is pertinent 
in this connection, which I can not deny myself the privilege 
of saying. Any man who revives the issue of sectionalism in 
this country is unworthy of the confidence of the nation. He 



DTOIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 305 

shows himself a provincial; he shows that he himself does 
not know the various sections of his own country; he shows 
that he has shut his own heart up in a little province, and that 
those who do not seek the special interests of that province 
are, to him, sectional, while he alone is national. That is the 
depth of anti-patriotic feeling. 

And so one of my interests in roads is that I want to see 
that thing carried on which I have seen worked to the bene- 
fit of this nation in so many parts of it. Take my own State 
of New Jersey. We have built a great many fine roads in 
New Jersey. Now, most people know New Jersey only be- 
tween New York and Trenton. If you look at New Jersey 
on the map, it is shaped like a bag with a string in the middle 
and the Pennsylvania railway from New York to Trenton is 
the string. New Jersey does not lie along that shortest line. 
It lies among beautiful hills and lakes and streams in the 
north and interesting stretches of level and watered coun- 
try in the south, where the characteristic populations of the ' 
State are. Now, good roads have discovered the people of 
New Jersey to the people who live in other States. By build- 
ing good roads in New Jersey we have made it possible that 
people everywhere should know the people of the State of New 
Jersey. 

Wherever you have not got a good road you have created 
a provincial and sectional population. Wherever you have 
a good road, you have tied a thong between that community 
and the nation to which it belongs. And that is my interest 
in good roads, for, my fellow citizens, my present interest is 
chiefly in the nationalization of America. 

We have created a great people; at least, if I may put it 
so, we have brought together all the elements, all the com- 
ponent parts, all the necessary characters and industries and 
material resources of a great nation, and we suddenly find 
that we are face to face with the problem of assembling these 
elements, in the sense in which the mechanic assembles the 
parts of a machine, and, having assembled those elements, to 
put them together for the creation of one incomparable force, 
to which the world shall hereafter look for most of its for- 
ward impulse, for most of its ideal principles, for most of its 
example in the practice of liberty; and, therefore, the thing 
that I am more interested in than anything else in these 



306 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

days is the forces that make for drawing America together 
into a great spiritual unity. 

You will notice all sorts of eddies in our life. Here the 
stream seems to be turning about; there the stream seems 
to be running forward ; here there is an obstacle ; there a free 
channel, and it sometimes looks as if this turning, whirling 
movement of our life merely made of us a whirlpool in which 
every conceivable element out of every population of the 
world constituted a part. Men look upon it with confusion. 
They say: "What is the pattern of this life? Whither does 
it tend? Where are we going?" 

Now, my fellow-citizens, we have had time and opportunity 
until the present to do pretty much what we wanted in Amer- 
ica, and to do different things in different parts of America, 
but just so soon as this great European war is over America 
has got to stand for one thing, and only one thing in the world, 
and she must be ready with united forces. We can not play 
with the elements of our life any more. 

We can not first combine them this way and then combine 
them that way. We have got to combine them in one way, 
with one definite purpose, and then we can go full steam 
ahead under expert leadership along the new line of a new 
age ; but so long as we are playing with the elements, so long 
as we have contrary sympathies, so long as one body of us 
is pulling in one direction and another body in another direc- 
tion, we can not do anything either for ourselves or for the 
world. 

America came into existence, my fellow-citizens, not in 
order to show the world the most notable example it had ever 
had of the accumulation and use of material wealth, but in 
order to show the way to mankind in every part of the world 
to justice, to freedom and liberty. So that the words I want 
you to carry in your mind in connection with this good roads 
cause are these : 

First, Nationalization — Getting all the fibers of this great 
vital people united in a single organism. 

Second, Mobilization — Getting them so related to each 
other, so co-ordinated, so organized, so led, so united, that 
when they move they move as a single great, irresistible con- 
quering force ; and the third word that I want you to consider 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 307 

is the word that I suppose affords the key to doing these 
things ; that word is the word "cooperation." 

I wish that every one of us could fix in his mind the dif- 
ference between the way we have been trying to do things 
and the way we ought to do things. We have been trying 
to do things by combining, by setting off one powerful group 
against another, by setting up groups in particular industries 
or spheres of our life, which try to exclude all other groups 
by the power or by the method of their destroying competi- 
tion. That is not the way to build a nation together; that is 
the way to build it into warring elements. Instead of ex- 
clusive combination, I want to see universal cooperation. 

There are good signs in the air. Have you not noticed 
how almost every great industry, every great profession 
every year holds a congress of some sort. Why, even the ad- 
vertising men, whom we thought were the sharpest competi- 
tors in America, have a national association in which they 
cooperate. For what purpose? For the purpose of getting 
ahead of each other? No. For the purpose of guiding one 
another and setting up standards ; and the chief standard they 
have adopted is the word "truth," that they won't fool the 
people to whom they address advertisements; that they will 
tell the truth and prosper on the truth. 

Then you will find men in highly competitive engineering 
industries who hold their annual conventions to tell each 
other the secrets of their success, to make a great profession 
which is united in the use of the most efficient and intelligent 
means of achievement. And so, in profession after profes- 
sion — the most reticent, so far as I can see, being the legal 
profession — in profession after profession, men are getting 
together by way of cooperation instead of by way of mutual 
destruction. 

I hold this to be a happy omen. I see the growth in 
America of this conception of solidarity, of the interest of 
each being the interest of all, and the interest of each grow- 
ing out of the interest of all. 

There is one field in which we are particularly sluggards, 
in respect to this. I mean the relations between capital and 
labor. Nothing can be for the interest of capital that is not 
for the interest of labor, and nothing can be in the interest of 
labor which is not in the interest of capital. If men want to 



308 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

get rich, they must have human relationships with those who 
help them to get rich. That is a lesson that men have been 
exceedingly slow to learn — slower than any other lesson of 
cooperation in America. I pray God that their eyes may be 
opened and that they may see that the future of this country 
lies in their cooperation, open, candid and cordial, and not in 
their antagonism, and that if they will once get together and 
plan in the same spirit the same thing, the industry of Amer- 
ica will go forward by leaps and bounds such as we have 
never yet conceived. 

Sometimes it is necessary, in order to arrest attention, 
to pull men up with a round turn and say, "Stop, look, listen," 
because presently, if you don't, the great forces of society 
will correct the things that have gone wrong. Society is the 
jury. The parties are not going to settle; the nation is going 
to settle, and I am counsel for the nation. 

So, my fellow-citizens, you see how this little plant of the 
cause of the good roads spreads into a great tree, bearing 
upon its boughs the fruits of the savor of life. We have got 
to know each other ; we have got to cooperate with each other ; 
we have got to stand together; we have got to have the same 
conception of our life and destiny; we have got to think the 
same thoughts and purpose the same purposes. That is all 
that politics is for. As a contest for office, it is contemptible, 
but as a combination of thoughtful men to accomplish some- 
thing for the nation, it is honorable. If I could not be as- 
sociated with a congress that did something, I would quit. If 
I did not think that making speeches contributed a little bit 
to the common thought, that had nothing to do with selfish 
purpose, but had everything to do with combined purpose, 
I would not make any speeches. Speeches are not interesting 
because of the man who makes them or the words he uses. 
They are interesting in proportion as the people who hear 
believe what he says. 

I remember once, after a meeting in which a good many 
men who were more or less insurgent against society were 
gathered, a great, hard-fisted fellow came up to me and took 
my hand and said : "Well, sir, I didn't agree with a word you 
said, but I thought you meant it." 

I said: "What do you mean? Do you mean that most 
of the men that come here do not mean what they say?" 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 309 

"Yes, sir," he said, "I mean just that'; they talk through 
their hats." 

Now talking through the hat ought to be a dead industry. 
It ought to be discouraged by silence and empty halls and 
every man ought to have as a motto over the stage from which 
he speaks these simple and familiar words, "Put up or shut 
up." 

I am ready to take my own medicine. If I don't put up, 
I am ready to shut up. (Calls of "go ahead, you are all 
right.") 

You know, we were talking about good roads and you are 
getting off the road. I want to leave a very solemn thought 
in your minds. America is about to experience her rebirth. 
We have been making America in pieces for the sake of the 
pieces. Now we have got to construct her entire for the 
sake of the whole and for the sake of the world ; because, ladies 
and gentlemen, there is a task ahead of us for which we 
must be very soberly prepared. I have said and shall say 
again, that when the great present war is over, it will be the 
duty of America to join with the other nations of the world 
in some kind of a league for the maintenance of peace. 

Now America was not a party to this war, and the only 
terms upon which we will be admitted to a league, almost all 
the other powerful members of which are engaged in the war 
and made infinite sacrifices when we apparently made none, 
are the only terms which we desire, namely, that America 
shall not stand for national aggression, but shall stand for 
the just conditions and bases of peace, for the competitions 
of merit alone and for the generous rivalry of liberty. 

It is now up to us to say whether we are going to play 
in the world at large the role which the makers of this great 
nation boasted and predicted we should always play among 
the nations of the world. Are we ready always to be the 
friends of justice, of fairness, of liberty, of peace and of those 
accommodations which rest upon justice and peace? In 
these two trying years that have just gone by we have fore- 
borne; we have not allov/ed provocation to disturb our judg- 
ment. We have seen to it that America kept her poise when 
all the rest of the world seemed to have lost its poise. Only 
upon the terms of retaining that poise and using the splendid 
force which always comes v/ith poise, can we hope to play the 



310 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

beneficent part in the history of the world which I have just 
now intimated. 

So, my fellow countrymen, build up these new roads in the 
construction of which the federal government is now to play 
so large a part, in the spirit of nationality, the spirit of co- 
operation, the spirit of liberty, the power which only a free 
people know how to exercise. 

Following the address at the Coliseum the President was 
taken to Tomlinson Hall where he delivered an address, upon 
the urgent request of the farmers of Indiana, on the Farmers' 
Loan and Credit Bank. He was greeted here by an audience 
which filled the hall to overflowing, and he was greeted with 
applause which lasted several minutes. From Tomlinson Hall 
the President went direct to the Union Station, leaving In- 
dianapolis at 5 :45 p. m. 

Among the distinguished guests of the day was Judge J. 
M. Lowe, of Kansas City, Mo., President of the National Old 
Trails Road Association. He addressed the audience in Tom- 
linson Hall prior to the arrival of President Wilson, and 
earlier, during the parade, presented to President Wilson at 
the reviewing stand a gavel made from a plank taken out of 
the old National Road in Plainfield near the old Van Buren 
elm tree. 

Another interesting incident of the day was the presenta- 
tion by Elwood Haynes, the Hoosier inventor of the automo- 
bile, of a new Haynes car in exchange for the oldest Haynes 
car now available. The old car came from Southern Indi- 
ana. The exchange took place at the Coliseum immediately 
following President Wilson's address. 

Indiana Centennial Educational Day, October *13 

The educational spirit that has marked centennial pro- 
grams throughout the State during the year culminated very 
fittingly in the state-wide Centennial Education Day at the 
capital city on October 13th. The proclamation of the Gover- 
nor officially designating the day is properly expressive of its 
meaning and purpose : 

Our Centennial Year has been replete with gratifying representa- 
tions of the natural resources and the physical development of our com- 
monwealth. It is appropriate that we should take account of our 
material advancement and it is also eminently fitting that in so doing we 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 311 

should regard with special consideration the intellectual forces and edu- 
cational achievements that have inspired and attended our century of 
progress. 

Indiana is proud of her schools. The State is greatly honored 
because of her educational standards and progress and the observance 
of Indiana's Centenary would not be complete without a worthy and 
deserving tribute to education. In recognition of this fact, the Indiana 
Historical Commission, in conjunction with the educational forces of 
the State, have set apart Friday, October 13, as Indiana Centennial 
Education Day. It is proposed that on this day all of the various educa- 
tional institutions of the State, including the public schools, private and 
parochial schools, normal schools, colleges, and universities join in a 
general centennial educational program, which will be given at the State 
Fair Grounds in Indianapolis and should be attended by thousands of 
patriotic Hoosiers from this and other States; to the end that the 
glorious history of educational advancement in Indiana may be fittingly 
shown and the cause of education and its value in a democracy be 
worthily and nobly exalted. 

Noiv, Therefore, I, Samuel M. Ralston, as Governor of the State 
of Indiana, wisliing to express my sincere appreciation and hearty ap- 
proval of this educational movement, do hereby designate and proclaim 
FRIDAY, October 13, 1916, as INDIANA centennial EDUCATION DAY, and 
urge its observance as above indicated. 

The program was the co-operative work of the educational 
forces of Indiana and fully measured up to the greatness of 
the opportunity. By appointment of the Indiana Historical 
Commission, Supt. J. G. Collicott of the Indianapolis schools 
was in general charge of Education Day. The State Superin- 
tendent's office, the State Board of Education, the officers of 
the State Teachers' Association and school teachers and offi- 
cials generally throughout the State responded readily to the 
call to do tribute to education. It naturally fell to Indian- 
apolis to do a major share and the wonderful manner in which 
the Indianapolis teachers and pupils acquitted themselves sur- 
passes all praise. 

The exercises consisted of four main divisions — exhibits, 
parade, pantomime and banquet. 

Special exhibits, prepared by leading departments of 
wide-awake schools throughout the State, filled the Fine Arts 
Building at the State Fair Grounds. They ranged from "the 
old-time school" to the most modern examples of domestic 
science, manual training, agriculture, playground ideas, edu- 
cational measurements, art, sanitation and applied civics. 

The parade or educational procession typifying a century 
of intellectual progress in Indiana formed at the state house 

19—15997 



312 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

for the benefit of the down town crowds and finished in a 
complete swing around the track at the Fair Grounds. It was 
a beautiful yet simple caravan of floats, interspersed with 
marching bands. This parade was especially marked by the 
absence of gaudy show and by the clear symbolism of decora- 
tions, groups and banners. Public and private schools of all 
grades were represented so that this unique procession was 
truly typical of a century's advance in Hoosier school life. 

The splendid Purdue University band, consisting of 
seventy-five student musicians, led the procession and fur- 
nished music for field maneuvers during the afternoon. 
Purdue University is to be most highly commended for giving 
the people of the State, and especially the children of the 
schools, the opportunity to enjoy the inspiring performances 
of such a magnificent student musical organization. 

The climax of the exercises was the mammoth pantomime, 
of which the following guide or explanatory outline was 
placed in the hands of everyone in the vast audience that wit- 
nessed its production on the field for almost three hours dur- 
ing the afternoon: 

EDUCATION 

Episode I The Summoning of Indiana. 

a. Columbia enters, accompanied by States. 

b. A fanfare of trumpets announces Education, who enters attended 

by a number of the world's great educators. 

c. Education bids Columbia summon Indiana before her. 

d. Indiana steps forth and Education demands that she give an ac- 

count of her educational stewardship. 

Emmerich M. T. H. S. 

Episode II Indiana's Response. 
Indiana responds by presenting certain of her important educational 
activities. 

a. Academic and Cultural Training. 

Shortridge H. S. 

b. Physical Training. 

Sixth, Seventh, Eighth Grades of Elementary Schools. 

c. Industrial Training. 

Emmerich M. T. H. S. 

d. Vocational Training. 

Technical H. S. 

e. Professional Training. 

Butler College. -r 

f. Recreation. 

All Groups. 



INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE 313 

BALLET 
In symbolic dance the forces of Education contending with Ignorance, 
Failure, Disease, Inefficiency, Poverty, Vice and Misery, finally 
drive them out and usher in Knowledge, Health, Success, Wealth 
and Happiness. 

Technical H. S. 

Episode III The Crowning of Indiana. 
Indiana's achievements win approval and she is crowned by Columbia 
with Education's laurel wreath. 

Emmerich M. T. H. S. 

V 

GRAND FINALE 

It detracts nothing from the many beautiful and subHme 
examples of pageantry that have been produced in local cele- 
brations throughout the year to say that none of these dra- 
matic productions have been more impressive and significant 
than this wonderful pantomime enacted wholly in mass ac- 
tion and without speaking parts by the 12,000 students and 
teachers of the Indianapolis public schools and of Butler Col- 
lege. 

The three high schools, through well-drilled bodies of stu- 
dents and teachers, appropriately garbed, symbolized most 
fittingly the cultural, industrial and vocational training of- 
fered by the schools. The faculty and student body of Butler 
College, in pleasing and dignified pantomime, portrayed the 
triumph of coeducation and the development of all forms of 
professional training. A splendid exhibition of higher gym- 
nastic training was given by a large class from the North 
American Gymnastic Union. The massive panoramic dem- 
onstration of all phases of modern recreation and play in 
school life was enlivening and wholesome. 

The superb flag drill by the 6th, 7th and 8th grades, some 
9,000 strong, was a thrilling spectacle long to be remembered, 
and this, together with the grand finale, in which the mighty 
gathering of school children and citizens joined in singing 
"America" and "The Star Spangled Banner," accompanied 
by the universal waving of flags, constituted a patriotic dem- 
onstration of peculiar and timely significance. 

The ready approval and encouragement of the public on 
behalf of such a demonstration was manifested by the at- 
tendance of some 30,000 enthusiastic citizens. This was per- 
haps the greatest single instance in the history of Indiana 



314 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

of the active connection of the schools, through living bodies 
of teachers and pupils, with broad public movements and large 
state occasions. Certainly this is most heartily in keeping 
with the modern tendency to articulate school life more 
largely and vitally with the best and largest life outside the 
school. 

A banquet was given at night in the Riley Room of the 
Claypool Hotel in honor of "our distinguished home-coming 
educators." It was largely attended and was a most enjoy- 
able informal occasion. Superintendent Collicott acted as 
toastmaster, and interesting short talks were given by Dr. 
Frank B. Wynn, Pres. Samuel C. Mitchell of Delaware Col- 
lege, Prof. James A. Woodburn, C. A. Prosser, Director of 
Dunwoody Institute; Pres. E. B. Bryan of Colgate University, 
Pres. W. E. Stone, Purdue University, Pres. Thomas C. Howe, 
Butler College, Miss Anna Willson, Miss Charity Dye and 
A. M. Hall. The talks were interspersed with Hoosier yells 
and patriotic songs. The production of George Ade's "The 
Indiana Girl," by six young college women of Indianapolis 
was a delightful feature of the program. 

All in all, it must be said that Indiana educators and citi- 
zens generally may well appreciate the unique opportunity 
which our Centennial Anniversary has offered. We have 
gained inspiration through the exercises of the year which will 
abide with us and will continue to be felt in our civic and edu- 
cational standards. 



The Indiana Centennial Exhibit of Fine Arts 
AND Home Industries 

At the John Herron Art Institute, October 1-31, 1916* 



The State of Indiana is this year celebrating the one hun- 
dredth anniversary of its admission into the Union of the 
United States. All over the State the Indiana Centennial has 
been observed in various ways — chiefly with pageants, pa- 
rades and exhibitions of old relics and articles of common use 
during the earlier years of the state's history. The Indian- 
apolis celebration takes place during the first two weeks in 
October, and as its contribution, the John Herron Art In- 
stitute offers this Indiana Centennial Exhibition. 

The majority of the articles shown were either made or 
used in Indiana. There are, however, a few pieces of furni- 
ture and similar objects which, while not actually in use in 
this State during the earlier years, are so typical of the 
earlier Indiana periods that they may well be admitted to 
an Indiana Exhibition. 

With the exception of the main painting gallery, in which 
are two cases containing objects from the Murch collection 
of Egyptian antiquities, some pieces of antique Greek and 
Roman glass and several examples of pottery from the near 
east, one of the adjoining small galleries, the balcony with its 
Oriental Collections, and the Sculpture Court, all of the gal- 
leries and exhibition rooms have been given over to the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition, and the Institute's permanent collection 
of decorative arts temporarily retired from view. 

It is impossible to list in full the more than fifteen hun- 
dred articles which have been sent in from all parts of In- 
diana for the Centennial Exhibition. A summary or review 
of the exhibition may be helpful. 

In the Entrance Lobby and in the adjoining room on the 
west, will be found furniture and costumes, and on the walls 
are hung blue and white hand-woven coverlets. In the 

* Copy of the descriptive program issued by the Art Institute for the Centennial 
Exhibit. 

(315) 



316 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

smaller room there is also a case containing old firearms and 
other weapons. 

In the Lecture or West Room are cases containing addi- 
tional costumes, dolls and toys, objects of common household 
use, and miscellaneous articles. Old quilts in floral designs 
in reds, greens and yellows are hung on the walls. 

Above the bookcases in the Library are placed the block 
pattern quilts. 

In the cases in the East Room will be found silverware, 
pewter, pottery, china and glass, jewelry, coins and currency, 
and a number of pieces of bead work. On the walls of this 
room are hung more coverlets, most of which have red as a 
predominating color. 

In the Sculpture Court, an old hand loom has been set up, 
and on it from time to time there will be demonstrations of 
hand weaving. Here also it is hoped that it may be possible 
to give demonstrations of spinning. 

On the second floor, in the Southwest Gallery, are dis- 
played old posters, prints and books. One case contains old 
daguerreotypes, chosen chiefly for their interest as illustra- 
tions of costume. In the West Gallery is the exhibition of 
Contemporary Art. 

In the East Gallery the Retrospective Exhibition of Indi- 
ana Art is hung, and in the cases through the center of the 
room are old bonnets, children's dresses and smaller pieces of 
wearing apparel. 

In the Southeast Gallery, the walls of which are hung 
with the paintings of Indiana artists belonging to the perma- 
nent collection of the Art Institute, are cases containing 
shawls, old laces and samplers. 



The Pageant of Indiana 



The Pageant of Indiana and the entire celebration at In- 
dianapoHs, October 2-15, constituted the cHmax of all the Cen- 
tennial outdoor observances in the State as planned by the 
Indiana Historical Commission. The Pageant of Indiana 
sought to present the drama of the development of the State 
as a community, from the time when LaSalle first passed 
through this region on his search for the mouth of the Missis- 
sippi, to the Centennial of its admission to the Union. It 
seemed clear to the writer of the pageant that this develop- 
ment had followed the lines of transportation — first, roughly 
speaking, water transportation with the port and market at 
New Orleans — later, land transportation, with the port and 
market at New York. 

Riverside Park, Indianapolis, a beautiful and picturesque 
woodland, one of the capital city's most charming recreation 
spots, was chosen as an ideal place to stage the great centen- 
nial pageant — the outdoor drama of Indiana's development 
through a century. 

The pageant, with an immense cast of 3,000 performers, 
was produced each afternoon of the first week of the centen- 
nial period, beginning Monday, October 2. On a vast grassy 
stage, skirted by groupings of nature's choicest scenic effects, 
such as trees and shrubbery, with White River lazily wind- 
ing its way through it all, the thrilling story of the building 
of this great Hoosier State was told in dramatic form and 
color, all the historic characters being faithfully impersonated 
and the historic events actually reproduced. 

Rich with a warmth of massed color and movement, vi- 
brating with the wonderful effects of orchestral and choral 
music, replete with thrilling incidents and episodes, and pro- 
duced with an enormous cast of 3,000 living characters, the 
Pageant of Indiana told the dramatic story of Indiana's re- 
demption from a wilderness and its admission to statehood in 
1816, down to the present day of its greatness and prosper- 
ity. The writing and staging of this great spectacular drama 

(317) 



318 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

of a state's birth and growth was under the direction of Will- 
iam Chauncy Langdon, New York pageant expert, who for 
nearly a year had been a close student of Indiana history and 
the characteristics of its people. 

THE OUTLINE OF THE PAGEANT. 

I Introduction: The Centennial Spirit — 

1. LaSalle on the Rivers of Indiana (1669). 

2. The Taking of Vincennes (1779). 

3. The Tippecanoe Campaign (1811) — 
II The State of Indiana (1816) — 

1. The Center of the State (1824). 

2. The Days of the Flatboats (1830). 

III St. Francis of the Orchards — 

1. Canals and Railroads (1836-1847). 

2. The Underground Railroad (1854). 

3. The Civil War (1861-1863). 

IV The Torch of Art and Literature — 

1. The Wagon and the Plow (1885). 

2. The Binding Ties (1900). 
V Finale: Indiana, 1916! 

A Synopsis of the Pageant of Indiana 

The great Centennial Pageant consisted of ten episodes, 
dealing with the most important incidents in the making of 
the commonwealth, and five great symbolic scenes in which 
music was a predominating element. A brief synopsis of the 
pageant follows: 

SYMBOLIC SCENE (INTRODUCTORY) 

"The Centennial Spirit." The whole great spectacle bursts forth 
with orchestral and color effects, presenting the fact that the Centennial 
itself rescues from oblivion Indiana's historical past that death in the 
fleeting years has carried away. 

Episode 1. LaSalle, the French explorer and trader, seeking a way 
to the Mississippi River as an outlet to the ocean, through the waters 
of Indiana. The scene is laid in 1669. 

Episode 2. The taking of Vincennes by George Rogers Clark in 
1779, while old Fort Sackville is in control of the British at Vincennes. 
The American army approaches the fort, wading waist deep in the in- 
undated swamps. 

Episode 3. William Henry Harrison at Tippecanoe in 1811. An 
episode of great historical interest, showing not only the battle between 
Indians and whites, but the famous conference in which Governor Har- 
rison sought to make his treaty with Tecumseh. 




Ph 



(319) 



THE INDIANA PAGEANT 321 

Symbolic Scenes: "The State of Indiana — Corydon in 1816." In 
glorified symbolic form Indiana is admitted to the Union in the memor- 
able constitutional convention. 

Episode 4. Historical event of 1824, when the capitol commissioners 
met at the mouth of Fall Creek with Governor Jennings, fixing Indi- 
anapolis as the capital city. In this episode appear the first white 
settlers of Indianapolis, John McCormick and George Pogue, with their 
families. 

Episode 5. Takes the spectator back to the days of the flatboats in 
1830, when these primitive barges were the only means of transportation 
for the pioneer. Flatboats loading for the New Orleans market. 

Symbolic Scenes: "St. Francis of the Orchards," pays tribute to 
John Chapman, father of the orchard, whom the Indians called "Johnny 
Appleseed," which gives an enchanting dramatic picture of how the 
orchard was brought to the northwest. 

Episode 6. Indiana's experiments with canals and other internal 
improvements from 1837 to 1847, when the State spent approximately 
$13,000,000 in conserving water transportation. The first railroad train 
on the old Madison line and pioneer track-laying bring realism into 
this episode. 

Episode 7. The famous "Underground Railroad" and its connec- 
tion with slavery in 1850 is the subject of this episode, in which refugee 
negroes, escaping from the South, received aid from Levi Coffin and other 
Indiana sympathizers. 

Episode 8. Civil war days in Indiana, General Morgan's raid in 
Southern Indiana and the Confederate prison camp in Indianapolis 
under Col. Richard Owen, told with minute detail and realism. 

Symbolic Scene: "The Toi-ch of Art and Literature," brings back 
the gifted writers and artists who have passed away, and who, with the 
living authors of the State, pay their tribute to Indiana. With orches- 
tral music each brings forward his favorite characters and offers his 
works to the symbolic figure of the State. 

Episode 9. Recalls the manufacturing days of 1885, the busy in- 
dustrial period of the wagon and the plow. The Studebakers and the 
Olivers become a household word with the Indiana agriculturist and 
primitive farming belongs to the past. 

Episode 10. Deals with the period around 1900, when natural gas 
and the interurban lines revolutionized in Hoosierdom the question of 
fuel, and transportation knit the State into closer unity. 

Finale, "Centennial:" A glorious climax to the great historical 
picture, when all the immense cast, massed in one tremendous spectacle, 
midst wondrous electric effects and tableaux, pays tribute to America, 
who with all the States comes down the river, and who in turn leads all 
in giving praise to the Almighty for Indiana's Centennial progress. 



322 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The Pageant Flag of Indiana 

As there is at this time no officially recognized State Flag 
of Indiana, the Master of the Pageant designed a flag for 
use in the three Centennial Pageants under his direction, those 
at Corydon, Bloomington and Indianapolis. The essential re- 
quirements were (1) that it be simple and beautiful; (2) 
that it contrast yet harmonize with the American flag; (3) 
that it be of accepted flag design and colors; (4) that it be 
significant. 

The design of the flag consists of three vertical sections, 
like the French and Italian flags. The central section is blue, 
the color of statehood; the two outer sections are green, sug- 
gestive of the primeval luxuriance of the wilderness and of 
the present fertility and productiveness of Indiana. On the 
central blue field are nineteen golden stars. Thirteen, repre- 
senting the first thirteen States, are in a circle, in which form 
they were placed on the first American flag. Five more stars, 
two in the corners above and three below, represent the other 
States which were admitted before Indiana. The star of the 
nineteenth State is placed in the middle of the circle. The 
usual gold fringe, emphasizing the essential colors of the flag, 
completes the design. 

This flag was first used in the Pageant of Bloomington 
and Indiana University on May 16, 1916, and was used at all 
the performances of that pageant. It was also used in the 
Pageant of Corydon on June 2 and 3, and in the Pageant of 
Indiana at Indianapolis, October 2-8. It was further used m 
the escort that received the Governor and Historical Com- 
mission when they came to attend the pageants at Corydon 
and Bloomington. 



The Ohio Valley Historical Association 



The Ohio Valley Historical Association held its tenth 
annual meeting at Indianapolis, Wednesday and Thursday, 
October 4 and 5, 1916, upon the joint invitation of the In- 
diana Historical Commission and the Indiana Historical Soci- 
ety. This meeting of the Association was featured as one of 
the events in the program of the Indiana State Centennial 
celebration. 

Following the plan of the Association in arranging the pro- 
gram around a general topic, the program of the meeting 
was devoted largely to the discussion of subjects dealing with 
Indiana and the region of which Indiana is a part. 

It is a pleasure to record the fact that every number on 
the program was presented and for the first time in the his- 
tory of the Association a full report of all papers is given in 
the Proceedings, published by the Indiana Historical Society 
as Vol. 6, No. 1, of their regular publication. 

The Indiana Historical Commission gave a reception to 
the members of the Association following the address of Mr. 
Worthington C. Ford on Wednesday evening, and the Asso- 
ciation as a body were guests of the local committee at the 
presentation of the Pageant of Indiana, Thursday afternoon 
at four o'clock. 

PROGRAM 

First Session. 

Wednesday, October U, ^-30 P. M. 

Harlow Lindley, Presiding. 

Addresses of Welcome — 

For the State, and Indiana Historical Commission — Governor 

Samuel M. Ralston. 

For the Indiana Historical Society — Judge Daniel Wait Howe. 

President's Address — Prof. Harlow Lindley, Earlham College. 

Speculation in the Thirties — Prof. R. C. McGrane, University of Cin- 
cinnati. 

"The New Purchase" — Prof. James A. Woodburn, Indiana University. 

(323) * 



324 the indiana centennial 

Second Session. 
Wednesday Evening, October U, 8 o'clock 
I. J. Cox, University of Cincinnati, Presiding 
Address, "A Lost Opportunity: Internal Improvements" — Mr. Worth- 
ington C. Ford, First Vice-President American Historical Associa- 
tion, Boston, Mass. 
Reception given by the Indiana Historical Commission. 

Third Session. 

Thursday, October 5, 9:30 A. M. 

J. P. Dunn, Secretary Indiana Historical Society, Presiding. 

Kentucky's Contribution to Indiana — Prof. James R. Robertson, Berea 

College, Berea, Ky. 
Organizing a State — Dr. Logan Esarey, Editor Indiana Magazine of 

History. 
Early Railroad Building in Indiana — Mr. Ralph Blank, Indiana Uni- 
versity. 
Civil War Politics in Indiana — Dr. Charles Kettleborough, Indiana 
Bureau of Legislative Information. 

Fourth Session. 
Thursday, October 5, 1 :30 P. M. 
W. H. Siebert, Ohio State University, Presiding. 
Address, "Personal Genesis of the Monroe Doctrine" — Ex-Governor Wil- 
liam A. MacCorkle, of West Virginia. 
Reports of Committees and Election of Officers. 
4:00 p. m. — The Pageant of Indiana, Riverside Park. 

Fifth Session. 
Thusday Evening, October 5. 

7:30 p. m. — Annual Dinner of the Ohio Valley Historical Association. 

Charles T. Greve, Cincinnati, Ohio, presiding. 
8:30 p. m. — Address, "A Hoosier Domesday" — Professor Frederic L. 

Paxson, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. 

President's Address* 

Professor Harlow Lindley, Earlham College, Richmond, 

Indiana 

While your President feels that he is more nearly in a 
place to extend a word of welcome than to respond to words 
of welcome, yet on behalf of the Ohio Valley Historical Asso- 
ciation which I now have the honor to represent both as its 
President and only Hoosier member I beg to express our grati- 

*President of the Ohio Valley Historical Association. 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 325 

fication at the gracious words of welcome accorded us by the 
representatives of the two historical agencies of Indiana who 
united in inviting us to meet here at this time. 

To me it seems very fitting that this Association em- 
bracing for its field of activity the Ohio Valley should meet 
here at this time in connection with the celebration of the 
first one hundred years of statehood of Indiana, a very large 
part of which is part of the Ohio Valley. 

This is the tenth annual meeting of the Association which 
was organized in Cincinnati in 1907. Meetings have been 
held in Kentucky, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio and 
one meeting was held here jointly with the Mississippi Valley 
Historical Association and the American Historical Associa- 
tion in 1910. But this year we come the farthest north and 
west we have ever come for a meeting of our own to join with 
the Hoosier State in celebrating her centennial and to assist 
in investigating and preserving for the future some of her 
history. 

The true history of a people is never written. The biog- 
raphies of great men are but pleasant or startling fictions. 
A plain but eager boy, country born and country bred, ac- 
quires a thirst for knowledge. He reads books, questions na- 
ture, studies in the schools; then dares fate in some public 
career. He wins success because he is industrious, patient, 
hopeful. He knows himself to be a man with many faults and 
abundant weaknesses. But presently some fellow-man writes 
the story of his life and he is surprised to find himself a demi- 
god. The real man has lived and toiled, been wise at times 
and given to folly as other men. He has played, slept, 
thought, been vain or humble, and really dwelt in a very small 
space. But renewed in history, under the strong light of 
genius, he stands a-tip-toe on the mountains with the aurora 
in his face and his breath fills the universe. The historical 
man is a great savage like Attila, a destroyer like King Cam- 
byses, or a philosopher like Plato. Through the lapse of 
ages we see only this historical man. He stands on the pages 
of history for the age, the race, the civilization or savagery 
from which he sprang. How much of him is real and how 
much the shining figment of subsidiary genius no man can 
tell. Was Hamlet a crazy man at large, as told in Danish 
legends, or was he the sombre genius immortalized by Shake- 



326 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

speare? Judged by modern standards Achilles and Ulysses. 
Agamemnon and Paris were but a lot of superstitious savages 
who waged insane and merciless war for a trivial cause. But 
when Homer associates them with the gods and makes them 
converse in the heat of battle with all the wisdom of Greek cul- 
ture and philosophy they take their places as fixed stars in the 
constellations of history. He who conceived the idea of Adam 
talking with God in the cool of the day, had the thought 
which carries us all back to that remote point in history in 
which we see no individual man. There man blends either with 
the shadows that obscure, or melts into the light that is per- 
fect. The pride of history has always chosen the latter. The 
nearer we approach the beginning the more prominent be- 
comes the individual hero or prophet. Science says that shad- 
ows emerging from the surrounding darkness are many times 
multiplied in bulk, by the doubtful light. But the poetry of 
tradition maintains that the primal man fresh from the source 
and center of things, was more than half divine. Even the 
lapse of a century serves to obscure the frailties of a great 
man and lift his virtues to the clouds. The politicians and 
pamphleteers of Washington's day assailed him with bitter- 
ness on the one hand or recognized his need of defense on 
the other. It is in the memory of thousands yet living that 
Lincoln was appraised by his friends as a well-meaning buf- 
foon, while his enemies regarded him as a buffoon bent on 
mischief. The estimate was false, but in its place we have 
today the ideal gentleman of the churches and of the schools 
of ethics, either character being as far from the real homely, 
hearty, common-sensed devoted Lincoln as ever General 
George H. Thomas was from the supposed paternal interest 
that gave him the nickname of "Old Pap." But after de- 
precating the historical man, the fact remains that, given the 
time, the conditions and the occasion, he was and is their rep- 
resentative — perhaps not always the best representative that 
might have been, but always such as the supreme forces of 
his time and country produced. The French Revolution was 
begotten of an earnest longing for liberty. Its immediate 
outcome was Robespierre and anarchy, because it was con- 
trolled by the passion of the outside rather than the conviction 
of its soul: the haste of the mob rather than the prudence 
of the thinker. But he is not yet born who shall record the 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 327 

true story of that mighty convulsion in its larger influence 
upon the destinies of man. Cortez has been almost deified in 
Prescott's splendid fiction that he misnamed a history, and yet 
through all the glamour of romance the merciless fortune hun- 
ter stands out as the representative of Spanish cruelty and 
heartlessness. Given the story of Cortez and the Mexican 
invasion, the mind sees at once and comprehends the Spain 
of the seventeenth century; its fierce thirst after gold, its 
spirit of adventure, its frenzies of cruelty and its mad rage 
for power. The naturalist finds a shell imbedded in the rock, 
a fossil seaweed and a remnant of coral, and straightway 
there expands before his vision an ancient ocean with low- 
lying shores. The sea swarms with life; the waves grind up 
the cast-off shells, transmuting them into sediment and strata 
which harden into stone and hold fast the history of an epoch 
forever. In like manner a very few events — even fragments 
of events; a few passages in the lives of representative men 
and women planted in the bed rock of history renew forever 
the age, the race, the people, the condition of their day and 
time. Let us step backward a century and behold the cabin' 
builders of our western civilization. They were men of hum- 
ble origin. They knew a little and were eager that their chil- 
dren should, know more. They possessed warm hearts, strong 
arms and abundant courage, but they had neither inheritance 
nor fame. Many of them came from a land of slaves, seek- 
ing the forest for its freedom and submitting to its privations 
and toils that their children might be free. Give us but one 
fragment from their history: "A few settlers in an Indiana 
neighborhood as soon as their cabins were up and roofed, the 
fireplaces constructed and the mud and stick chimneys half 
way completed, deferring the matter of providing floors and 
filling the spaces between the logs, turned their attention to 
the erection of a log schoolhouse. And when the winter came 
the children were taught by day, the mock legislature held its 
sessions by night, and the backwoods preachers divided the 
Word on the Sabbath." From such a fragment, added to 
the geography of the land, one may easily and readily pic- 
ture the progress that has led up to the present condition. 

In the family circle about the cabin fire, in the daring faith 
of the pioneer father and the devotion of the pioneer mother, 
in the primal schoolhouses in the woods are to be found the 



328 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

indexes of our history — such is our Western civilization. All 
the possibilities of civilization were in those rude beginnings. 
Henry Clay and Abraham Lincoln were outgrowths of such 
conditions. 

The beginnings of the history of a State are always pro- 
phetic of its character and ultimate destiny. 

Whence came the foundations of our civilization? They 
were from the sea-bordered South, from the border slave 
States, from the mountains of Virginia, from the fertile fields 
of Pennsylvania, from New York and from New England. 
The log house in the wilderness was the sure prophesy of the 
best things to which we have attained. It matters not whence 
they came, you can detect the spirit that inspired them by 
the culture of the soil and the progress of the people. From 
the old fashioned debating clubs of those primal colleges of 
the people, great men arose to sway the destinies of the nation. 
The pioneers of Ohio and Indiana made but little noise in the 
world but no builders ever laid foundations of enlightened 
liberty more securely than they. 

The log convention in Wayne County which made possible 
the success of Indiana's first elected Governor, Jonathan Jen- 
nings, to a place as delegate to the United States Congress 
largely determined the political character of those eastern 
counties. It was a protest against the insidious approaches 
of African slavery, and it was successful because of its deep- 
seated earnestness. 

Near the beginning of the century Julia Dumont in the lit- 
tle county of Switzerland, Indiana, laid two foundations — 
the one of higher education, the other that of literature. A 
daily toiler in the schoolrooms of the pioneer period — a 
mighty worker by the dim lamps of the olden time she made 
the beginnings which have matured in our colleges and uni- 
versities. Today Indiana scholarship and energy are ac- 
knowledged all over the West. They have invaded the East 
and enthroned themselves in great financial, educational and 
literary centres. 

In a small but remarkable community in Southern Indiana 
originated the first woman's club in this country and from it 
have emanated forces that have resulted in the emancipation 
of women. All these splendid achievements have grown up 
from the thought that instigated the pioneer schoolhouse in 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 329 

the woods. It filled the ranks with 200,000 young Indiana 
heroes and made the name Hoosier a terror to those who in 
their blindness would have destroyed the Union and blotted 
out the stars of liberty forever. It is to the beginnings of 
our history, to the humble toils and devotion of the pioneers 
that we must look for the inception of that spirit which has 
led us forward and upward. The pioneers moved on from 
their first crude efforts as strength and opportunity permitted. 
They gave us democracy, the outstanding feature of Ameri- 
can society. The early immigrant came with an appetite for 
freedom, for independence, for land and a home to call his very 
own. He came with some acquaintance of self-government, 
he came with unconquerable faith, he came ready to endure. 
He found that for which he came. He found opportunity 
and plenty of room. American democracy became possible 
because of the great natural wealth of the continent ; because 
of the prosperity of the people, of the standard of in- 
telligence, the freedom of the individual in church and state. 
Each man was free to do as he pleased, to try new plans, 
to think for himself. The result was a new individual — the 
American; and America has a great future. She has domi- 
nated world thought. She has profoundly influenced world 
policies. She has become a world power. She still lures 
thousands from homes across the sea. She has rung the knell 
of monarchism and ecclesiasticism. She has insisted on the 
people's rights. The United States is still young. She has 
just about obtained her national majority. Europe has had 
a thousand years and more to reach her present position. She 
is still bound by custom and fettered by institutions she is 
afraid to destroy. We have no pyramids or sphinx, neither 
Palmyras in the sand nor mummies in marbled fastnesses of 
silent cities to preserve the forms and features of a change- 
less past. Our monuments are the people themselves, the 
ever-widening scope of their lives, their purposes, their pow- 
ers and their results. If we may continue to approach nearer 
and nearer to a state in which the happiness of the least shall 
be sacred to the whole, then will our monuments be the most 
commanding and enduring and grandly beautiful on earth. 



20—15997 



330 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

A HoosiER Domesday 

By Prof. Frederic L. Paxson, University of Wisconsin 

A very early poet of these regions has some lines that start 
out: 

Blessed Indiana, in her soil 

Men seek the sure rewards of toil. 

He wrote these verses nearly a hundred years ago — and 
proceeded then to describe his contemporaries, in language 
that might have been used with equal appropriateness last 
week, as: 

Men who can legislate or plow, 
Wage politics or milk a cow, 
So plastic in their various parts 
That in the circle of the arts 
With equal tact the Hoosier loons 
Hunt offices and hunt raccoons. 

Some of them, if I am correctly informed, are hunting 
offices even yet, with a high percentage of chance that they 
will get some of the offices ; while the diversity of talent which 
the poet saw in Indiana still exists in our actual contemporary 
fact. 

Today Indiana is that non-existent thing known as an 
average. Statisticians tell us that the truth is variant and 
that the average is rarely seen. But Indiana approximates 
an average of America and closely resembles the composite 
that the various corners of our country might present could 
they be brought together and intermingled. It is an average 
that makes a State with fewer of the very rich, with fewer of 
the very poor, with fewer of the foreign born, with a larger 
proportion of the home born than most of our other States; 
that makes a community born within itself, enlarging its ov/n 
traditions and carrying on its own ideals ; and because of the 
trend of its history it is singularly American in its point of 
view. Today Indiana with its centennial is giving to the Ohio 
Valley Historical Association one of the excuses for its exist- 
ence. Its neighbor States will repeat that same excuse, in the 
next few years as they fall in behind Indiana celebrating their 
own centennials. The line goes down the river, including Illi- 
nois, Alabama, Mississippi, and finally Missouri in 1921. The 
sequence is worthy of being noted, for it is of interest to 
Americans in general as well as to the historians of Indiana, 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 331 

and it will produce for the future historians of these regions 
records that will be a Domesday, and that will in a measure 
warrant the title that I have chosen for my remarks this 
evening. 

The real Domesday, of course, is a thing that we need to 
fix our minds on from time to time. 

After the great Norman Conqueror had been in England 
for about twenty years, after his barons had got themselves 
settled on the lands they had acquired, after the English law 
and the King's writ had begun to run smoothly once more, 
and after it had become tolerably certain that the will of the 
King was greater than the will of any of his subordinates, 
William set to work to record in his Domesday what he had 
in his fair land of England. He sent his officers out into the 
shires with instructions to gather together the people and 
swear them to tell the truth ; and then to ask them how many 
freemen, how many serfs, how many knights their commu- 
nity could furnish ; what cattle, what horses, what sv/ine, what 
fishponds, and so on down the line of their tangible property. 
They were to ask how things stood at the date of the Domes- 
day, how they had been in the days of the conquest, and what 
they formerly had been in the days of King Edward the Con- 
fessor ; and I suppose England was pretty seriously distressed 
during that summer, while the investigators were asking 
these questions and placing Englishmen under oath to tell the 
truth, because there was a strong feeling that those questions 
were to be the foundation of a new, more searching, and more 
rigorous taxation. But from the standard of government 
William was putting together the greatest governmental docu- 
ment that exists, a document typical of English government 
and ours, a document that begins not with governmental 
theory biit with the absolute existent fact and that has lived 
long after the absolute fact. The questions that William sent 
out for the shires to answer — what now ? what then ? what 
formerly? — brought a mass of information into the great 
Domesday book that scholars ever since have been trying to 
understand. 

If we are to make our Domesday worth much to the 
scholar in another thousand years, we, too, must ask ques- 
tions; what now? what then? what formerly? what 
changes have taken place because of our conquest? what 



332 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

changes have taken place because of the new order of life 
that has come into existence here? We too must send our 
historical inquisitors out into Indiana to take an inventory 
today, and to take it back in the days of our grandfathers, 
and again still farther back in the days of our grandfathers' 
grandfathers, that we may cover this century in Indiana with 
a Domesday that will give us information good for our souls 
and that will contain facts for the guidance of historians in 
all time. 

The answer to the question what now? would have to 
be that Indiana, with its low percentage of foreign born, 
with its low percentage of the very rich, with its low per- 
centage of the very poor, and with its high percentage of 
farmers who know something of community life and of towns- 
men who are not too far from the country to know something 
of country life, is an average America, and perhaps the best 
example of an average that America presents. Indeed, so ex- 
cellent an example is Indiana of the rest of us, that we all 
look to Indiana in order to get a glimpse of what we think, 
for what Indiana thinks is likely to be a fair sample of what 
America thinks. 

Yesterday the President of the United States crossed this 
State to tell citizens not very far away what he thinks, and 
doubtless before very long he will bring to you something of 
the same message. Tomorrow an ex-President of the United 
States is to tell you what he believes, and it is probable that 
before November all the gentlemen living who have been 
Presidents of the United States will deliver their message in 
the same way. Some are hopeful for the success of what they 
think ; some are apprehensive ; but whether hopeful or appre- 
hensive, the big outstanding fact is that they realize that what 
Indiana thinks today the country too may think and that what 
convinces Indiana is too true to be beaten at the polls. It has 
been true for many years that Indiana has told the country 
what it thought. One has only to call to memory that canvass 
forty years ago when a national chairman was frantically tele- 
graphing about the purchase of "mules" in Indiana, or the 
more recent canvass when a national secretary "saved" Indi- 
ana by means that a vice-President-elect could not discuss 
before reporters. Those were the days when the vote of the 
second Tuesday in October decided whether the purse strings 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 335 

should be loosed and the money poured out in Indiana. Those 
good old days are gone today. Indiana now reserves her for- 
mal vote until the rest of the country tells its opinion too. 
But what Indiana is going to think is still a question that is 
of a good deal of interest in many corners of the country, and 
if gentlemen could determine what Indiana thinks now many 
of them would sleep more tranquilly tonight, and some of 
them would fail to visit Indiana in the course of the next few 
weeks. 

Out of its past Indiana has emerged a barometer of Ameri- 
can temper, today. What sequences can we pursue back from 
our grandfathers' to their grandfathers' days, to the first gen- 
eration of conquerors? What was there formerly in Indi- 
ana? The conquerors came drifting in shortly after 1800, 
following, as conquerors invariably do, the line of least resist- 
ance, traveling the roads nature had provided, which were 
nearly always waterways, and giving to Indiana the first of 
her establishments upon the lines nature had written across 
her face. 

It is hard to imagine a worse territorial division than the 
boundaries of Indiana enclosed; including as they did the 
Maumee lands and those of the Kankakee, the basin of the 
Wabash and the valley of Whitewater. Here were four clear 
and distinct watersheds touching along the highlands, and 
their inhabitants stood back to back. In the early days of In- 
diana there was no logical grouping that could have made any 
common ground upon which to stand for self-government. 
The people drifted in, some across the boundary from 
Ohio. One section of Indiana is still only an overflow from 
Cincinnati, and has all its more important connections in the 
direction of Cincinnati. Others worked their way into the 
lower valley of the Wabash. Others came by the northern 
routes and filled up the Maumee region, and the Kankakee 
country finally developed after all the rest. If the settlers had 
come into these detached and disassociated areas from a com- 
mon source they would still have had abundant room for dif- 
ferences of opinion and rivalry of interests, because they 
looked in diff'erent directions, toward Cincinnati, toward New 
York and toward New Orleans. With business interests 
pointing to outside markets their local doings were not likely 
to be harmonious. 



334 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The different sections were not friendly even in the time 
of our grandfathers. Their leading families had come, some 
from the middle States, others from Virginia by way of Ken- 
tucky, others from New England; and in the first quarter of 
the last century southerners and middle staters and New Eng- 
landers had relatively few common points of view outside 
their language and their larger government. They were pro- 
vincialists, each with their own brand of provincialism, and 
with a conviction that his brand was best. And in this com- 
munity into which they came they found the sectionalism that 
nature had provided, and brought another sectionalism based 
upon the different communities from which they came. They 
saw life from their southern or their northern point of view, 
or in the spirit of their religious outlook in a genera- 
tion when men made much of their local point of view and 
found in their religion an active guide outside the church. 
These things counted for a great deal in shaping Indiana in 
her earlier period, and if our surveyors could be transported 
back into the first generation of Indiana they would have had 
to write down that Indiana was diverse, that it had not in 
any sense amalgamated, that section against section was pull- 
ing with an intensity that threatened badly for the future of 
the State. They might have said that if self-government on 
the American plan could succeed in Indiana it could succeed 
anywhere. If an arbitrary set of boundaries could bring to- 
gether people entirely disassociated and of different inter- 
ests — detached colonies with highly different outlooks — if this 
State could organize and function smoothly, there was hope 
for the American future. They must have reported friction, 
of course, and with it heat. This centennial is the centennial 
of a community in which the local fire has burned for a hun- 
dred years without exploding, in which life has been none too 
tranquil. This is not that happy country that is without 
a history, but it is a country with a happy history of struggles 
that have been kept under control and have been stopped short 
of the worst outbreaks. A self-government that has worked 
along from controversy to controversy and has nevertheless 
kept unbroken within its original limits throughout this time 
is a triumph for the American type of statehood. Indiana 
has its lessons for us today, but the first Indiana did not offer 
clear promise of its future. 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 335 

The first two generations in Indiana brought the grand- 
sons of the conquerors into pubKc Hfe, and wrote a new chap- 
ter for our Domesday. Something happened to Indiana, 
softening the animosities and blunting the sectionalism. The 
most surprising thing that our inquisitors would find is the 
fact that between 1816 and the Mexican War, water had 
begun to run uphill. Water in the colonial days had the 
aggravating habit of running only down hill. But now the 
steamboat ran up stream, changing the course of some of the 
internal communications. More than that, the State had 
begun its fight against geography. The Wabash highv/ay had 
been turned into an important river and canal route, available 
from either end ; the Michigan road had been run across from 
the Ohio to Lake Michigan, the National road had cut along 
the watershed through the middle of the State, and the water- 
ways, canals and turnpikes had broken down much of the 
isolation of section, making it possible to carry on a communi- 
cation between the sections that no sane man could have 
looked forward to in the days of the settlement of Indiana. 
By the close of the Mexican War, the turnpike had done its 
share, the canal had added its, and on top of the turnpike and 
canal were coming the earlier railways. There were not 
any railways in Indiana worthy of note until 1847, but the 
State was entering on a period that would bring every vital 
point into reasonable contact with every other point ; so that, 
after fifty years of occupation the second generation born on 
Indiana soil could say that one of the things that had made 
for diversity in the original condition had been wiped away; 
had been replaced by forces whose trend was a possible unifi- 
cation. 

The original settlers had started out with a diversity in 
their social experience. From the South, from New England 
and from the middle States, from the educated and the cul- 
tured, from the well-to-do and the poor, they had come in 
with points of view so diff'erent as to make life difficult for 
neighbors. In Indiana along the line of the frontier they 
had found, once they got settled, that conditions diflferent 
from those they had known at home were likely to prevail. 
It made little difference where they came from when it came to 
lowering the great timbers for the cabin ; chopping was just 
as hard for a Yankee as for a Southerner, and the experiences 



336 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

resulting from handling the timbers were the same. Inside 
the cabin the babies came with about the same frequency, 
and with them came diseases, hard grinding labor, all the 
elements of life of the frontiersman. The frontiersman who 
lived to be forty was likely to live to extreme old age and to 
last through anything that life might bring to him. They 
had been subject to frontier conditions that were uniform 
regardless of their origin, and the result was that every year 
the settlers gained more of the common quality. 

As the new generation grew up in Indiana it must have 
been bitter for the good southern family to see that their 
children were no better than the Yankees', as it must have 
been bitter for a family with culture and education to see 
that their children were no better than the little rough chil- 
dren on the next clearing. The life of the frontier has ordi- 
narily been a period not more than twenty-five years. By 
the time the first children born in a new frontier have ripened 
into matrimony the region has almost invariably settled down 
in life. Its log cabins have degenerated into smoke houses 
and big frame houses have taken their places. County seats 
have grown up and the old frontier is gone. The children 
have acquired similar habits. The two things that appear 
to have brought the change about in Indiana after a half cen- 
tury are, in the first place, this frontier influence forcing 
upon the children born here the uniformity of type, regardless 
of their ancestors' home lands, and in the second place, the 
lust for communication — the need for a market for their crops 
which had led the people to improve the waterways and build 
railroads, and to make communication flow back and forth in 
every possible direction across the State. These two things 
made possible amalgamation, and if our Domesday enumer- 
ators had come back they would have reported **the diversity 
has generally gone, its sharp edges have been rubbed off and 
there has been an increase of similarity among the inhabi- 
tants who there exist." 

One of the saddest errors of judgment — one in whose train 
disaster followed — was based upon the contemporary's fail- 
ure to realize that in these fifty years Indiana had changed 
from a sectional into a unified community. In the days of 
Andrew Jackson, Indiana was pretty largely sectional, and 
that sectionalism was the sectionalism reflected from the plan- 
tation South. The southern leader never could get away from 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 337 

the idea that Indiana was a Southern State. There were 
southern leaders who believed in the Civil War that the South 
had only to organize its confederacy for Indiana to join. 
They were blind to the influences that had turned the central 
face of Indiana from New Orleans to New York. The realiza- 
tion of that fact during the Civil War was a surprise to the 
confederacy. It was a good deal of a surprise in many quar- 
ters in the North and probably when the Union found what 
Indiana thought about the fundamental facts of its govern- 
ment, it knew better what it thought itself. The fact that 
this State had become unionized during this half century al- 
most without knowing it, was the fact that made it possible 
for the Union to be maintained. Of course this does not 
mean that every citizen of Indiana agreed with every other 
one, but the internal controversies stopped short of an ex- 
plosion and the preponderant opinion had unity and similarity 
and nationality that one would not have foreseen in the days 
of original settlement. 

At the beginning of the century our first Domesday enu- 
merators, in the days of our grandfathers' grandfathers, 
would have had to report that Indiana was diverse, showing 
little prospect of unification, and might have added that if 
Indiana could live as a State, any State might hope to live. 
A half century later they would have to say that through the 
forces of communication and the stronger forces of frontier 
pressure upon the human habit Indiana had lost its sectional- 
ism, and had become national. 

And in the interval between this set of enumerators and 
those would go out today these tendencies have become more 
firmly grounded. In the last half century some of our States 
which fifty years ago were strongly and preponderantly 
American, have filled up with the foreign born ; others of our 
newer States that today are important are mere congregations 
of citizens arrived from pre-existing States or from abroad. 
The purity of the American race is in many parts of our coun- 
try threatened in the present period, because of the shifting 
of the new population into this country. But Indiana escaped 
having any of the greatest industrial centers; she kept un- 
changed the happy plan of former times. She increased con- 
tinually, in her average thousand inhabitants, the proportion 
of the happy, comfortable, well-to-do middle class; not near 



338 TIIE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

enough to either extreme to be very much distressed by what 
either extreme was conscious of, and representing more and 
more truly the average of the whole United States. The diffi- 
culty is, we cannot strike the average elsewhere. We have 
to take the experiment that nature has staged, and that the 
hand of man has confused. We have to determine the vari- 
ous elements of the mixture in spite of the conflicting testi- 
mony of the various cooks who mixed it. We have to get 
the proportions and quantities of things contained. We can- 
not repeat the process, and so when we find an instance in 
which nature has provided a reasonable experiment herself 
and has apparently left out some of those things which make 
it difficult to judge conditions in other communities, we are 
better prepared to come to a judgment on ourselves. 

Since- the first years in which Indiana showed to the United 
States that it had become amalgamated, and a national or- 
ganism, this process has gone on ; types have developed. 
There was no Middle West fifty or sixty years ago. There 
was a South, there was a West, but there was no Middle West, 
no area that had shown its proclivities for reform, or for 
theoretical altruism in its politics. But the Middle West has 
a definite meaning now. The middle class in which Indiana 
is so strong has produced its type in literature, and "Huck 
Finn," "Silas Lapham," and even "Freckles," adapted Hoosier 
though he is, are clear American. We get an insight in these 
to that happy-go-lucky character which has survived the hard- 
ships of the frontier, which includes the contempt for re- 
straint that the frontier always had, the reliance upon self 
which the frontier never lacked, and that is perhaps our most 
important asset developed from the past. 

After all, the study of our Domesday is significant if it 
gives us something upon which to stand today as we con- 
front the future. What is it going to mean? What does 
this American result that we have found here signify with 
reference to the things we are going to have to look forward 
to ourselves? Every one is entitled to his own opinion. My 
own wonder is at the amazing strength of the institution we 
have built up. If the American state could live in Indiana, 
arbitrarily drawn out, including sections that had no business 
to be put together, including population from every conceiv- 
able American stock, then there is hope for the rest of the 
machine. The hopeful thing with reference to the future is 



OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 339 

not to be found by those who look upon government as a 
mechanism responding always to theoretical lines, responding 
immediately and precisely to the will of the director and de- 
livering precisely the result intended by him. Persons who 
seek this will get relatively little comfort in considering any 
phase of American history or of the Middle West. We look 
to government to see what chance it offers to the average in- 
dividual, for freedom, for growth, for self-restraint, without 
failing in the reasonable accomplishment of those reasonable 
desires that are coherently expressed. One may find in the 
West, as your Indiana shows it, comfort for all time. The 
machine of government is clumsy, it is wasteful of power, it 
takes more strength to make it go than a machine of its 
weight ought to take, but history has shown that it will ac- 
complish any reasonable task. It will accomplish it perhaps 
as the vehicle did that moved the pioneers into this State m 
the beginning. In the pageant this afternoon v^^as an old 
Conestoga wagon, an unconscious type of our American gov- 
ernment. It is heavy and lumbering, but it is capacious; it 
can be made water-tight, it can go over a log or stump, it can 
be rolled over and over down hill and start off again on its 
own running-gear. It can stand unreasonable treatment 
without ceasing to function as a wagon ; and our government 
has much of that character. It goes, it actually works, and 
if we must count its cost, because it is an expensive mechan- 
ism, we must find our compensation in the fact that although 
it is wasteful it conserves the freedom of the individual to 
an extraordinary degree. It is possible to walk by the 
wagon, or to step aside to prospect, and yet know that the 
wagon ultimately will move along, not accurately nor pre- 
cisely, but in substantial safety. 

And as we study this Domesday of ours, of your State in 
particular and of other States, the same general lesson has to 
come out — that living under conditions not the most promising 
they have endured, they have met shocks and have grown 
stronger. When we see the disasters likely to confront them 
and are apprehensive of collapse, we must remember the 
things that have been met and passed, and cherish our belief 
that the future will be met and passed over in the same 
way. The wagon in the days to come will be creaking along, 
leaving every generation a little ahead of the generations that 
came before. 



PART IV 
Admission Day Exercises, DecemberPI, 1916 



(341) 



INDIANA'S ONE-HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY 




J I '^ 



The Observance of Admission Day 



The Indiana Historical Commission, considering that it 
would be desirable to observe with appropriate exercises 
Admission Day, called the attention of county centennial 
chairmen, schools, historical societies, clubs and civic organi- 
zations in general, to this occasion. The following official 
communication was issued: 

Indiana has this year seen a great outburst of state loyalty and 
patriotic enthusiasm occasioned by the observance of its one hundredth 
anniversary. Results of great significance to the citizenship of the State 
have been attained and the Indiana Historical Commission looks with 
much satisfaction, therefore, upon the work which has been accomplished 
under its auspices. To all those who have heartily cooperated toward 
this success, the Commission feels warmly grateful. 

While it is felt that the substantial work laid out for the year 
has been largely performed, the Commission calls general attention to 
the fact that Admission Day, December 11, should be widely observed 
over the State, in accordance with Governor Ralston's proclamation 
making it a public holiday. It is therefore requested that appropriate 
Admission Day exercises be held throughout Indiana. These need not 
be elaborate at all, especially in those counties which have had adequate 
Centennial celebrations. But in all counties it would certainly be fitting 
to hold simple, dignified services in commemoration of the formal ad- 
mission of our Commonwealth into the Union. Such should naturally 
be arranged by the county chairman, especially when held as county 
observances. 

In addition to this, it is suggested that the schools hold exercises. 
In some cases it may be advantageous to combine that of the school with 
that of the community as a whole. As a tentative program for the 
schools the Commission has prepared an outline which may be found in 
the Teachers' Manual of uniform course of study, page 198, and Teach- 
ers' Institute outline for 1916-17, pages 49, 50, issued by the State 
Board of Education. Patriotic and civic organizations and clubs are 
likewise encouraged to observe the day especially where other initiative 
is not taken. For such, the aforementioned outlined program may 
offer some helpful ideas. The Commission has this general recommenda- 
tion to offer — that these Admission Day exercises be community, home 
product affairs, as regards those participating. Whether it be in the 
speeches or music or other contributions, may it be a home tribute by 
home people. 

(343) 



344 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Finally it is recommended that on December 11, the Stars and 
Stripes be displayed, not only by public and business houses but by 
Hoosier homes, throughout Indiana. 

INDIANA HISTORICAL COMMISSON, 
Samuel M. Ralston, President. 
Harlow Lindley, Secretary. 
W. C. Woodward, Director. 

The Indiana Historical Commission arranged for a state 
celebration of this event at Indianapolis, a full report of which 
follows : 

Celebration of the One Hundredth Anniversary of In- 
diana's Admission into the Union, December 11, 1916 

Held at the State House in Indianapolis on the evening of 
December 11, 1916, under the auspices of the Indiana 
Historical Commission and the Citizens of the State. 

By Walter Sidney Greenough 
From the Indianapolis Neivs, Dec. 12, 1916 

Snow fell a trifle more softly last night than ever before 
on the hills and valleys and rolling prairies of Indiana. For 
it was a milestone snow, limning into bold relief the hills 
of progress of a hundred years of Hoosier life; covering the 
mire and the dark spots in the valleys, where history should, 
perhaps, not have been written as it was, and spreading 
across the prairies the white promise of a thousand good years 
to come. 

Through the canyons of the streets of Indianapolis 
marched soldiers — Indiana's soldiers of peace. Beneath the 
golden dome of the Hoosier capitol, an assemblage of earnest, 
thoughtful, thankful men and women gathered to greet the 
men in khaki. And when they had greeted them the Hoosiers 
turned to watch the official passing of a century of Indiana 
life — the celebration of the Centennial of Admission Day. 

Much gold braid there was, and broadcloth and jeweled 
gowns. And many faces that are known to fame, even beyond 
the boundaries of the Valley of the Wabash. Also stooping 
against the wind, came a black-gowned widow, leading a lit- 
tle child. The clothes they wore were not enough for such a 
night. And yet she came, and took her seat far in the rear 
of the great crowd. For she was a Hoosier — just like the 
rest. 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 345 

And thus, with rich and poor, poet and painter, soldier and 
statesman, sitting together at the shrine of a common home, 
did the one hundredth anniversary of the birth of Indiana as 
a s^te pass into the history of the nation it has helped to 
make. Officially, the centennial of the nineteenth state's ad- 
mission to the sisternood was celebrated with unusual cere- 
monies before perhaps the most distinguished and yet the most 
representative gathering that has ever graced a Hoosier meet- 
ing place. 

The third infantry of the state's national guard, fresh 
from the Mexican border, detrained at Massachusetts avenue 
and the Big Four railroad at 6 :30 o'clock, and was met by an 
escort, formed of members of the Indiana Historical Commis- 
sion and others. The regiment, led by Colonel Aubrey L. 
Kuhlman, of Auburn, marched through the streets to the state 
house. 

In the big reception room of the Governor's suite. Gover- 
nor and Mrs. Ralston, with a group of representative Indiani- 
ans, awaited the arrival of the troops. The new picture of 
James Whitcomb Riley, painted by T. C. Steele, had been hung 
in its place, and all who gathered there paid silent tribute to 
the poet. 

As the regiment marched, the Second Infantry Band, com- 
posed of Indiana University students, played Hoosier music 
and martial airs. 

The 800 men of the regiment broke ranks at the state 
house and filed past the receiving line, in which were the fol- 
lowing : 

Governor and Mrs. Ralston, Colonel L. R. Gignilliat, com- 
mandant of Culver Military Academy; John H. Holliday, Mr. 
and Mrs. Meredith Nicholson, Mr. and Mrs. John E. Hollett, 
Mr. and Mrs. William L. Elder, Mr. and Mrs. J. K. Lilly, Hugh 
McK. Landon and daughter Julia, Mr. and Mrs. Fred Hoke, 
the Rev. Francis H. Gavisk, Mr. and Mrs. Evans Woollen, 
Mr. and Mrs. Eben Wolcott, Mr. and Mrs. William H. Cole- 
man, Richard Lieber, Mr. and Mrs. Homer L. Cook, John W. 
Holtzman, William Fortune, chairman of the general admis- 
sion day committee; members of the Indiana Historical Com- 
mission and many others. 

At the close of the reception the troops and the civilians 
gathered about a stage which had been erected almost beneath 

21—15997 

% 



346 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

the state house dome, where the evening program was carried 
out. 

Perched on the railing above the speakers' stand was a 
golden eagle draped with flags. The speaker's stand itself 
bore a bronze wreath. Draped along the railings and stream- 
ing above the heads of the assembled crowd of Hoosiers were 
flags and bunting. Interested men and women and children 
filled the seating spaces, provided on the first floor corridor 
north of the capitol dome, and many were in the upper corri- 
dors. In the background stood the replica of the little old 
Corydon state house. 

Governor Ralston appeared on the platform at 8 :35 o'clock. 
The Second Infantry Band, stationed in the balcony to the 
south, struck up patriotic airs as Colonel Kuhlman stepped on 
the platform and was greeted by the Governor amid applause 
from the crowd. 

In addition to the speeches, and the Centennial Ode by 
William Dudley Foulke of Richmond, Ind., Mrs. Helen War- 
rum Chappell, a notable Indiana singer, greatly pleased the au- 
dience by her encores of 'The Last Rose of Summer" and "Com- 
in' thro' the Rye." As a fitting close to the great occasion, 
a chorus under the direction of Edward Bailey Birge, Centen- 
nial Chairman of Music, sang the great "Hallelujah Chorus." 

PROGRAM 

Music — 

Second Indiana Infantry Band. 
Introductory Remarks — 

Governor Samuel M. Ralston. 
Presentation of Service Medals to the Members of the Third Indiana 
Infantry — 

Governor Ralston. 
Response — 

Colonel Aubrey L. Kuhlman. 
Music — 

Second Indiana Infantry Band. 
Centennial Ode — 

William Dudley Foulke. 
Centennial Address, "Foundations of the Commonwealth" — 

James A. Woodburn. 
Songs — 

Mrs. Helen War rum Chappell. 
Hallelujah Chorus — 

Peoples' Chorus of Indianapolis, Edward Bailey Birge, Director. 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 347 

GOVERNOR RALSTON'S ADDRESS 

Fellow Citizens: 

I have been assigned the very honorable duty of presiding 
at this meeting. The honor is a significant one — significant 
because this event is both historic and patriotic. It is historic 
because it marks the first centennial milestone in the life of 
our commonwealth. It is patriotic because it has its source 
in our love for our state and evidences in a very fine sense our 
devotion to the imperishable Union of which Indiana is an 
essential part. 

This is Admission Day — the anniversary of the day when 
Indiana took her place in the sisterhood of States, and resolved 
henceforth and forever to do her part by the Federal Union. 
This resolve she did not make in an outburst of passion or 
without sound reason therefor. 

Hoosier pioneers were a sober-thinking and a far-seeing 
people. They were not only schooled in the hardships of 
pioneer life, but many of them were well read and were fa- 
miliar with the history of governments. They had not failed to 
note that the reason most of the historic republics were broken 
upon the rocks or crushed by the iron hand of fate, was the 
lack of a proper conception by the masses of the responsibil- 
ities of self-government. They early saw that no government 
was secure that did not have an enlightened citizenship back 
of it. They early saw that the liberty and progress of no 
people would long continue, if they allowed a few leaders to 
do their thinking for them, and they therefore took a stand 
for a system of popular education. They early understood 
that the blessings of government did not come to them from 
a few leaders, but that these blessings were founded on rights 
inherent in their own natures; that they did not come out of 
the enactments of parliaments and congresses, but out of 
themselves — out of self-reliance and self-restraint — through 
the long-drawn-out processes of evolution. And so it was that 
the pioneers of Indiana stood for equality, unity and brother- 
hood ; and so standing they developed faith in themselves and 
faith in the destiny of their State. They were a courageous 
people, with splendid poise and strength of character. 

It is fitting, therefore, that as a forward-looking and 
liberty-loving people we should assemble on this occasion, that 
we may do honor out of grateful hearts to the patriotic and 



348 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

heroic fathers and mothers who reclaimed this state from the 
wilderness and the savage; and review to some purpose the 
laying of the foundations of our commonwealth, and its de- 
velopment politically and socially. ~ 

Indiana has never been lacking in men to defend her honor 
in peace or in war ; nor never lacked men to discharge for her 
the obligations she owed the Federal Government, whether 
the payment was to be in the public forum where intellects 
clash, or on the field of battle where men's courage is put to 
the test and their souls are tried. Her quota of such men 
has always been in excess of the demand therefor. This was 
shown when our country first had trouble with Mexico; when 
we passed through the fiery ordeal of our Civil War; when 
we were called upon for soldiers in the Spanish-American 
War; and when the President called for troops on the 18th 
day of June last to do service on the Mexican border. 

And I felicitate the people of Indiana upon the presence 
here tonight as participants in these exercises, of the mem- 
bers of the Third Indiana Infantry, just back from the Mexi- 
can border, under the command of that fine spirited and clean 
lifed citizen-soldier. Col. Aubrey L. Kuhlman. 

When Col. Kuhlman departed with his regiment last July 
for the field of duty, I asked him to be considerate of and 
good to the boys under him, and he promised me he would; 
and one can tell from looking at them that he has kept his 
promise. 

Col. Kuhlman, will you come forward? Colonel, I welcome 
you and your troops back home, and I assure you that all 
the people of the State rejoice that you and your boys have 
returned to us uninjured and in good health. You have en- 
dured hardships for your nation's honor. You have made 
many and great sacrifices at the call of the President, and 
thereby you have maintained the glory of the flag of your 
country and the fame of Indiana's soldiers for endurance, 
courage and patriotism. 

It is due you and your troops, as it is due those who have 
heretofore and those who have not returned, that I state in 
this presence, that all reports coming to me from the border 
have emphasized the fact that the Indiana soldiers were mak- 
ing good, and that their equipment and preparation, disci- 
pline and drill, placed them above the average of those doing 
service there from other States. 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 349 

In a letter received a few days ago by Adjutant General 
Bridges from Brigadier General Lewis, the Brigadier General 
says: 

The Governor would, I am sure, be glad to hear that in the two- 
week maneuver campaign from which we are now returning and in 
which I commanded a division augmented by a fourth brigade of in- 
fantry forming one of the contending forces, the Indiana troops ac- 
quitted themselves admirably. 

As an evidence of Indiana's appreciation of the service our 
troops have rendered on the border, the State has provided a 
service medal for each guardsman, and I am going to ask 
you, Colonel Kuhlman, to receive this token of appreciation 
for your regiment, and to see that each of your boys gets 
one of the medals I now deliver to you. 

On the face of this medal you will find our country's 
national emblem, our state's coat of arms and other impres- 
sions designed to indicate what it is intended to memorial- 
ize, and on the reverse side thereof these words and figures: 

Presented by State of Indiana to her National Guardsmen who 
rendered service on the Mexican border in the year 1916. 

Ladies and Gentlemen, as long as the conception of duty 
suggested by these words can be consistently engraved on the 
tablet of American citizenship our institutions will be secure 
and our nation will lead the world toward humanity's noblest 
ideals. 



RESPONSE BY COLONEL AUBREY L. KUHLMAN, COM- 
MANDING THE REGIMENT 

My Dear Governor Ralston: 

It affords me a large measure of satisfaction and pleasure 
to respond, in my humble manner, to your eloquent words of 
greeting and of commendation; to thank you most sincerely 
for the beautiful and artistic medals commemorative of our 
service on "the borderland." 

It is a pleasure to respond in behalf of the officers and en- 
listed men of this regiment, who responded to the call of the 
President and the Governor nearly six months ago and who 
were sent to our Nation's southern border to perform what- 
ever service they might be called upon to do. 

This is an occasion, my dear Governor, which is deserving 



350 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

of a "silver tongue," an accessory with which, unfortunately, 
"kind nature" failed to endow me. 

It is a most auspicious occasion, celebrating the hundredth 
anniversary of the admission of this beloved commonwealth 
into our grand Union of States. 

It is one deserving of time and thought for preparation, 
neither of which I have been able to contribute, and, instead 
of well thought, well carved sentences, I ask you to accept 
the simple, impromptu words of real sincerity. 

Well do I remember when you called me into your office 
and charged me to have a care for the health and comfort 
of the members of this regiment and to be kind to them. 
I sincerely trust that I have redeemed the pledge I gave you. 

The men of this regiment were soft of muscle at the 
muster-in, six months ago, but this evening you behold them, 
seasoned soldiers. 

They have made their beds in mud and water; they have 
slept in the companionship of scorpions, centipedes, tarantulas 
and venomous reptiles ; they have waded through miles of mud 
and water, knee-deep at places, along General Taylor's old 
military road which skirts the Rio Grande ; they have marched 
many miles in sweltering sun, carrying heavy packs and equip- 
ment; they drank the muddy waters of the Rio Grande, only 
partially cleared by a natural settling process in canals lead- 
ing from the river ; they have cleared the mesquite jungle for 
camp and maneuver grounds; eight companies of this regi- 
ment lived two weeks in a camp flooded by daily rains and 
with no other protection for themselves than the tiny bits 
of thin canvas called "shelter tents" in army papers, but 
"pup tents" by the soldiers; they have responded promptly 
and cheerfully to every demand made upon them; can you 
question my language when I say they are "seasoned sol- 
diers?" 

One of the most interesting experiences of our border serv- 
ice was a series of maneuvers continuing for a period of twelve 
days and extending from our camp at Llano Grande to 
Brownsville, forty-five miles distant. 

It was a continuous performance; breaking camp before 
daybreak, getting a hurried breakfast, thrusting a sandwich 
into a haversack for a midday lunch, loading wagons and 
marching away to meet the enemy (the troops camped near 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 351 

Brownsville), in battle exercises, real battles, excepting the 
bullets, battles in which umpires took the place of bullets and 
shells, and ruled out of the contest those which, presumably, 
would have been felled in actual conflict; going into a new 
camping place late in the day, waiting for the arrival of the 
wagon trains to prepare a supper after nightfall and repeat- 
ing the program day after day. 

These maneuvers culminated in several engagements on 
the old, historic battlefields of 'Talo Alto" and "Reseca de la 
Palma," where General Taylor defeated the Mexican Army in 
two battles seventy years ago. 

It was indeed an experience which will linger in memory 
for a lifetime. 

Doubtless in this presence are those who are particularly 
interested in the First or Second regiments, yet in the border 
camp, and many of the words I have spoken of the Third 
regiment may be applied equally well to the other two regi- 
ments of the Indiana brigade. 

Excepting only one day, "the Fates" decreed that I should 
command the entire Indiana brigade on every march and in 
every maneuver, the nominal brigade commander being the 
senior officer present with the division and, by regulations, 
becoming the division commander, thus leaving me automatic- 
ally in command of the Indiana brigade, as its senior colonel, 
hence I had opportunity for observing the other regiments. 

We marched and maneuvered and camped together and, 
when they return to Indiana, you will find them to be seasoned 
soldiers. 

It may interest you to have at least a hint of the accom- 
plishments of the Indiana troops, and I might suggest that, 
in the Infantry division at Llano Grande, consisting of three 
-.Indiana regiments, three Minnesota regiments, two Nebraska 
regiments and one North Dakota regiment, the published rec- 
ords of a period of target shooting placed the Indiana brigade 
at the head of the division, the Third Indiana regiment at 
the head of the brigade and the division, and Company "A," 
of this command, at the head of the regiment, the brigade 
and the division in average marksmanship efficiency. 

In addition to this I might mention that a shooting team 
sent from the Indiana brigade to the national rifle and pistol 
competitions at Jacksonville, Florida, won more distinction 



352 TPTE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

than almost any other state or regular service team participat- 
ing m the competitions, winning first, second and other high 
places in competitions with hundreds of the best marksmen 
selected from a hundred millions of the American people. 

In other soldierly accomplishments I believe I am safe In 
saying that the Indiana troops were at least the equal of any 
other troops with which they were associated. 

But I am forgetting brevity and must give way to more 
important items on this program, to distinguished citizens who 
will present themes appropriate to this hundredth anniversary 
of glorious Indiana history. 

I want to assure you, my dear Governor, that we shall 
cherish these beautiful medals, gifts from our own beloved 
State, and fitting mementoes of a most interesting service for 
our country in the southern borderland. 

Most sincerely I thank you ! 

Introduction of Mr. Foulke 

Governor Ralston: 

Indiana is far-famed for her scholars and statesmen. Her 
achievements and ability to do big things in a broad way have 
been made known to the uttermost parts of the earth by her 
publicists and poets. One of her sons distinguished for his 
learning, culture and progressive public spirit has most gen- 
erously prepared at the request of the Indiana Historical 
Commission, a Centennial Ode to be read as a part of the 
exercises of this event. 

I have the honor and the pleasure to introduce to this audi- 
ence Hon. William Dudley Foulke. 

CENTENNIAL ODE 

By William Dudley Foulke. 

If thou wouldst fathom Indiana's heart 

Think not to find it in the passing crowd, 

The hum of industry, the bustling mart, 

The great assemblies' voices clamoring loud. 

But come with me and sit beside the board 

At some old-fashioned farmstead, watch the team 

Heavy with harvest, toiling through the ford 

Or lie within the forest shade and dream, 

With Riley's "Pipes of Pan" to charm and cheer — 

His voice grew silent on this hundredth year! 

Dear State, thy homelier charms are still the best. 
Thy peaceful landscapes filled with joy and rest. 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 353 

From the abyss of the tumultous street, 

The roar of the great city and its glare, 

The multitude whose feverish pulses beat 

With evanescent hopes or wild despair, 

In my young manhood did I come to thee 

And found the balm of thy serenity. 

And evermore, threading thy quiet ways. 

Reclining by thy hesitating streams 

Where sheltering sycamores hid me from the blaze 

Of summer suns — half waking, half in dreams 

I did perceive thy sylvan beauty grow 

Into my soul until I came to know 

I loved thee, that thy heart had answered mine. 

And all the more now that my days decline. 

Thy spirit broods upon me. Not the sea 

Nor the unutterable majesty 

Of Alpine peak nor the white foam and spray 

Of glittering cataract can so win their way 

Into my heart. I have dwelt with thee too long 

To love another while thy beech trees bend 

Their lowly limbs to greet me as a friend 

And take from me the tribute of a song, 

Lo! now there stands within my spirits' eye 
A tree I know, perfect in every part; 
I fling to it the homage of my heart 
And bow in salutation as I cry! 

"You are a young Apollo of the wildwood, 
"The breezes rustle and you bend your bow, 
"Your foliage dances like the feet of childhood, 
"And quivering sunbeams through your branches glow. 
"You sway and revel in the pride of being 
"Then stand erect, complete in foi-m and hue 
"And I who gaze, enraptured with the seeing — 
"0 could I make a song as fair as you!" 

And yet I must not, in the joy of singing 
Forget the weightier message I would bear. 
A solemn warning in my ears is ringing 
And dark forebodings fill my heart with care. 

Back through the paths of history let us stray 
To see what dangers now beset our way. 
A hundred years with fluttering wings have flown 
Since underneath the elm at Corydon 
In homespun garb our farmer pioneers 
Fashioned our State to face the coming years. 
A wilderness the spot where now we meet, 
And where the multitude with bustling feet 
Are hurrying past, there lay the silent track 
Trod by the stealthy savage or the pack 



854 TEE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

Of ravening wolves and on the slimy green 
Of the still marsh, gaunt fever stalked unseen. 
And then a race of freemen, simple, strong. 
Bearing the implements that settlers need, 
The rifle, ax and plow, began a long. 
Hard struggle, felled the forest, sowed the seed 
And planted in the wilderness, the state 
Whose prosperous fruitage now we celebrate. 
Roll back the years my soul, and let us stand 
In the first furrows of the new tilled land 
And think the things the adventurous settler thought 
And learn again the lesson he was taught. 
He knew not, as we know, the steed of steam. 
The exploding vapor and the electric stream, 
Nor with them scoured the earth, explored the sea. 
Or soared through heaven's wide immensity; 
But each man bore his rifle primed and bright. 
Ready for instant use in sudden fight. 
And better knew — (for many a pioneer 
Who trod the wild and built his cabin here 
Had battled in the war that made us free) — 
Far better knew the worth of liberty. 
X He saw far clearer than we see today 

That freedom's gracious presence will not stay 
With those who care not for her to give all, 
Life, kindred, hope and fortune at her call! 
Nay, just before the founding of our State 
Our country had thrown down the gage to fate. 
Defied the British empire to the test 
Of arms because our sailors she impressed 
And searched our ships. Would we do that today? 
Has something of our courage slipped away? 

What has the century brought us? Plenteous stores, 

Bountiful harvests carried from our doors. 

Fair cities, stately piles and busy marts. 

The factory's whirring wheels and shuttles loud. 

And ample farms, wide lawns and mansions proud. 

And learning's gifts of science and the arts. 

But shall we measure by the glint of old 

The treasures that these hundred years enfold? 

Have we as high an aim, as strong a heart. 

Are we resolved to play as brave a part 

As those who framed the fabric of our State 

To liberty and honor dedicate. 

Or are we strolling now in softer ways 

On gentler paths in more degenerate days? 

Would we not fain recoil from care and strife 

And live in ease a smooth and prosperous life? 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 355 

Perchance our fulness on its cushioned throne 
In golden chalice holds a deadlier bane 
Than bitter hardship in its cup of stone 
Filled to the brim with toil and tears and pain. 
For that is evil which corrupts the soul 
And lulls to slothful sleep and smug content 
While all around, the war drums beat and roll 
And other lands by grievous strife are rent. 

This hundredth year dawned on a raging world — 

A world submerged beneath a sea of blood 

With shafts of fury from the heavens hurled, 

And we — an island girdled by the flood 

Which still doth rise and still doth draw more near. 

We hear the cries of universal woe 

And cheeks are wet with rain of many a tear. 

How close the eddies of destruction flow! 

Let us be wise in time and raise a dike 

That shall be high and strong to stay the tide; 

Quick! Let us arm ere the invader strike 

And fill the land with devastation wide 

Thus only may we keep our country free 

And guard for all mankind sweet liberty. 

From Runnymede to Yorktown, toilsome, slow, 
Freedom was wrested from the clutch of kings 
And forth among the nations did she go 
Scattering wide her boon of better things. 
New life upon the icy plain was spread 
The spring had broke on an Arctic night, 
Hope smiled upon the disinherited. 
And everywhere the world moved on to light. 
But from the lair where slept the power of arms 
There crawls once more the grim philosophy 
That might alone is right, though liberty 
Must perish in the clash of wars alarms. 
We too shall lose our birthright if she fall 
And every race become some conquerer's thralL 

We will not have it so. And yet to stay 
The invader's steps we too may have to bare 
The glittering sword and stand and bar his way. 
Awaken then my country! Rise. Prepare! 
We call on thee by every sacred name 
That shines from out the annals of thy past, 
Train all thy sons to keep thee from the shame 
That would enslave the world in thralldom vast. 
For we must still be worthy of our sires, 
And with stout hearts must guard the treasure well 
They left us and keep bright the holy fires 
They lighted from this stifling smoke of hell. 



356 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

In days that are to come the world may find 

Some better way than war. A mightier state 

To liberty and order consecrate 

May spread its aegis over all mankind. 

Our federated nation points the way — 

The State and then the Union. Deep our love 

For Indiana yet it should not stay 

Confined within her boundaries — for above, 

The nation claims our first allegiance; far 

Deeper than homage to a single star 

Our reverence for the constellation bright 

That sheds on all the world fair freedom's light. 

The brightest lines in Indiana's story 

Are those that proudly tell 

How swift her sons, when duty called — not glory — 

Leaped forth to battle, and how hard and well 

They fought, till victory came. I see our great 

War Governor, epic figure of our State, 

Sending them forth and greeting their return 

And all the pulses of my being burn 

At the proud memory. Not for thy sake, 

O Indiana did thy children make 

Their offerings of fortune and of life. 

And risk their all in the uncertain strife, 

But for the Union and for liberty! 

And so among the nations may it be. 

The future holdeth higher things in store 

Than those our halting fancy may explore. 

On some bright day the slow advancing hours 

May bring the world a league of sovereign powers 

Wherein the rights of single nations bend 

To the just will of all, and the decrees 

Of some gi-eat world tribunal are the end 

Of wasteful war's superfluous cruelties. 

My country, lead thou in these paths of peace! 

But till that hour shall come let not soft ease 

Relax thy spirit or subdue thy soul! 

Until mankind shall reach this loftier goal 

Keep thou thy sword unsheathed, for thou dost hold 

Within thy fruitful body precious seed 

Which shall into a newer life unfold 

And save the world in its extremest need. 

Two lessons have been thine to teach mankind 

Freedom, then Union! Send thy heralds forth 

Bearing thy later message till thou find 

Peace, born of Union spread through all the earth. 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 357 

CENTENNIAL ADDRESS 

Governor Ralston: 

Ladies and Gentlemen — No man has been more ably sym- 
pathetic and more willing to help with the work of the In- 
diana Historical Commission than Dr. James A. Woodburn. 
The work of this body has extended over more than a year, 
and the things it has accomplished toward arousing a historic 
consciousness in the people of Indiana, and in securing a 
proper recognition of the wonderful advancement they have 
made in their state's first one hundred years, are too numer- 
ous to mention at this time. I shall be surprised, if when 
they are properly catalogued and published, they do not 
amaze as well as profoundly impress you. 

Dr. Woodburn is at the head of the History Department 
of Indiana University and his recognized ability as a historian 
qualifies him and makes him a most fit man to discuss on this 
occasion the ''Foundations of the Commonwealth." 

I present to you Dr. Woodburn. 

The Foundations of the Commonwealth 
By James A. Woodburn 

My theme tonight is the Commonwealth of Indiana and 
the foundations on which it rests. 

I shall not speak of the land and its material wealth. Our 
State is more than the soil upon which her people tread, or 
the rivers within her bounds, or the wealth within her fac- 
tories and mines, or the cattle upon her thousand hills. I 
would not despise the physical basis of life, either for the 
man or for the Commonwealth. For our goodly heritage of 
material wealth in soil and stream and forest and mine, we 
may well rejoice. It has made possible the progress and 
achievement of a hundred years in the life of the State whose 
birth we celebrate. 

Nor shall I speak at length of the people, whence they 
came, how they lived or what manner of men and v/omen 
they were. They have come here at many times from many 
races and climes, filling the land, doubling its population every 
fifteen or twenty years in ways to dazzle the world. The 
French civilization that had touched our rivers and trading 
posts was to become only a name and a lingering reminiscence. 



358 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

The migration of other heterogeneous nationalities and 
tongues as seen in the modern industrial life in certain parts 
of our State, is a recent development. But the historic In- 
diana that we know, to which our minds go back tonight was, 
for the most part, made up of a homogeneous people speaking 
the same language, of the same general religious faith, cher- 
ishing the same historical and political traditions, living in 
an equality of fortune or misfortune — a hardy, thrifty people 
used to toil and enterprise and self-reliance. 

Some of the men who came for the upbuilding of the State 
were, in part, the men of the Revolution. For the larger part, 
they were the sons of the Revolution who had come into this 
wilderness land to carry their civilization and to erect a State 
under whose protecting care they might better provide for 
their children and might themselves enjoy the blessings of 
freedom, manhood and homes. No dangers affrighted them, 
no difficulties withstood them ; and in defense of their liberties 
and their homes they were ready to encounter death un- 
daunted, always imbued with that patriot spirit that leads 
one to feel that he "can never die too soon who lays down his 
life in support of the laws and liberties of his country." 

Here were the elements of the State — the land, the people, 
the language, the same historical traditions, oneness of polit- 
ical ideas and habits, with the record of a struggle for civil 
liberty as old as the Anglo-Saxon race. This civil life in the 
wilderness was not unlike that in the early Plantations of 
America. Settlements were in isolation. Self-government 
was a necessity. They brought what we should call the habit, 
rather than the principle, of local self-government. They 
could not well take appeals in government to authorities that 
were leagues away through the forests. The people in the 
western settlements were thrown upon their own resources. 
Roads had to be made, schools established, taxes levied and 
collected, preaching maintained, lawlessness restrained, a liv- 
ing wrought from the soil, and the young men had to be 
trained in the use of the rifle for defense against the wild men 
and the wild beasts of the forests. All the means to be found 
by which a neighborhood community might live. 

But the Commonwealth is much more than a matter of 
physical and political geography — more than a rectangular 
piece of land and its inhabitants. A people lives by faith. 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 359 

Faith is the substance of things hoped for and what a people 
attains depends upon what it beheves. Its foundations, its 
essence, its substance are in its ideals — a truth that needs 
repeating and re-repeating on every memorial occasion, lest 
we forget the fundamental truth that makes us free. When 
one of our prophets, James Russell Lowell, once was asked 
how long he thought the American Republic would live he 
replied, "As long as its people are true to the ideals of its 
founders." The founders of Indiana were like the men of '76 
— they built their Commonwealth upon their ideals. They 
had here a part of an unexplored and unsettled continent, 
with a brave and enterprising people within its dwellings. 
But the land and another brave people were here before our 
fathers came. Land and human beings, I repeat, are not 
the corner stones for the founding and upbuilding of the State. 
The land may be denuded, the people may be deported, they 
may be reduced to bondage in a foreign land compelled to 
forge like implements of war that led to their own conquest 
and enslavement; but if there is a saving remnant anywhere 
cherishing their past, their standards and their ideals, their 
State will survive. 

There was a Commonwealth of old whose experience will 
illustrate this vital force in the life of a nation. This people 
had lost its land; its capital, the Holy City, had been looted 
and destroyed. The last of its kings reigning at Jerusalem 
was taken prisoner, his children were butchered before his 
eyes ; all the captive nobles were executed ; and the king was 
taken in chains to Babylon, his eyes were put out and he was 
left to die a miserable death within his darkened prison house. 

The very people themselves were gone, carried to Babylon, 
an exiled captive band, where, under the taunts of their con- 
querers refusing to sing their patriot songs they hung their 
harps upon the willow trees and sat down by Babel's streams 
and wept. From every human point of view they had wit- 
nessed the end of the Jewish Commonwealth, the end of land 
and people. But in that dark hour of adversity they remem- 
bered their past and there came from one of their prophets 
that wonderful patriot vow of devotion, "0 Jerusalem! if I 
do not prefer thee above my chief joy — if I forget thee, let 
my right hand forget her skill, let my tongue cleave to the 
roof of my mouth." 



360 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

There was a power outside themselves which made for 
righteousness ; or, allow me to call it, an ideal — God immanent 
— which saved their nation in its day of trial and afterwards 
brought back the people to the land rejoicing in laughter and 
song. On the power of that ideal, patriotic and religious, 
they had their foundations, and the saving remnant of the 
people, though they wept in defeat and exile in a foreign land, 
while they had before them the visions of the past, proved 
themselves immortal. How came they to know so well the 
story of their past and God's dealings with their people at 
sundry times and in divers places? Into the knowledge of 
that past the fathers had led their children from generation 
to generation. They had established their passover, their 
feasts, their Sabbaths and their years of jubilee; and they 
built their memorials as signs among them for future ages, 
so that when the children should say to the fathers, what 
mean these stones ? — then the struggles and sacrifices and faith 
in which the State had its foundations were brought to mind 
in these memorials forever. 

Such a nation is an example to the ages. The same vital 
truth is illustrated in the history of every great nation. No 
people can be great ; indeed, no people can live, without rever- 
ence for its past, or without a past which it cares to remember. 
A people without memorials shall surely die. We sit under 
the shadow of a noble monument erected to commemorate 
great sacrifices and deeds in war. Instinctively we think of 
Lincoln's words at Gettysburgh dedicating "a portion of that 
field as a final resting place for those who here gave their 
lives that the nation might live." But we may well believe 
that those heroes of our Civil War responded to duty no more 
promptly nor nobly in those days of '61 than did these young 
souls of Indiana who have just returned from their soldier 
life upon the Mexican border. As we note the soldierly bear- 
ing of these young men and look into their bronzed faces 
and hear the modest and soldierly words of their Colonel, we 
are made to believe that the patriot spirit of the other days 
of their country's need has indeed passed from sire to son. 
They are ready for their duty. So long as these boys recall 
the memorial stones erected on their country's fields of sacri- 
fice and war we may be sure they will never surrender the 
life of the nation that their fathers died to save. It is in 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 361 

this faith that Pericles speaks in his famous oration over the 
Athenian dead. There he nobly asserts: "When men have 
shown themselves brave by deeds, their honors should also 
be displayed by deeds. . . . For while collectively these 
heroes gave their lives, individually they should receive that 
renown which never grows old; let them rest in the most 
distinguished of tombfe, not so much that in which they are 
laid, as that in which their glory is left behind them for ever- 
lasting record. For of illustrious men the whole earth is the 
sepulcher; and not only does the inscription upon columns in 
their own land point it out, but in that also which is not 
their own there dwells with every one an unwritten memorial 
of the heart, rather than of a material monument." 

So my first plea tonight is a plea for our history, that we 
may know and care to preserve the ideals of our past. Of 
that history of Indiana I cannot even cite the landmarks to- 
night, but we think with gratitude and with some degree of 
satisfaction of what has been done for our history. Travel- 
ers and transient dwellers in the land, like Professor Baynard 
R. Hall, have described pioneer conditions, and the State will 
ever owe a debt of honor to men like John B. Dillon and Judge 
Howe, John H. Holliday, Jacob P. Dunn, William H. English, 
Charles W. Moores, Colonel William M. Cockrum, William 
Dudley Foulke, Mrs. Julia Henderson Levering, and in these 
late years to Mr. Logan Esarey, for what they have done in 
making known and available the story of our past. These 
worthy Hoosiers, by essays and volumes in Indiana biography 
and history, have rendered a service, not for selfish gain, but 
for love of the past and the honor of the State. Has not the 
State an obligation to recognize and promote such service to 
her history? The celebrations of the Centennial Year will 
have been in vain if they do not awaken within us a stronger 
purpose to preserve the records of the past in order that those 
who have it in their hearts so to serve the State may tell to 
the children the sacrifices and achievements of the fathers. 

Walter Savage Landor in his "Pericles and Aspasia" 
speaks in praise of the Muse of History. He calls upon the 
Muse to claim her rightful place among the arts of life. He 
insists that the gentle Clio, with stylus in hand, shall be al- 
lowed to tell the story of the past; that her functions shall 
not be set aside or confused by disquisitions on morals, science, 

22—15907 



362 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

literature nor art. He would leave Philosophy on one side 
amid her groves and shades, and let History proceed to tell 
our grandchildren the story of our lives. Let sermons and 
philosophy follow, if they will, but let us in history see 
and hear the men of the past as they really appeared upon 
the scene of action. 

To this literary critic, history is a, pageant, not a philos- 
ophy, a drama upon the stage of life, not a theory of society 
or a discussion or comment upon the motives and morals of 
men, "We might as well in a drama," says Landor, "place the 
actors behind the scenes and listen to the dialogue there, as 
in history to push valiant men back and protrude ourselves 
with husky disputations. Show me rather how great projects 
were executed, great advantages gained, and great calamities 
averted. Show me the generals and the statesmen who stood 
foremost, that I may bend to them in reverence ; tell me their 
names that I may repeat them to my children. Teach me 
whence laws were introduced, upon what foundations laid, by 
what custody guarded, in what inner keep preserved. Let 
the books of the Treasury lie closed as religiously as the 
Sibyls ; leave weights and measures in the market place, com- 
merce in the harbor, the Arts in the light they love. Philosophy 
in the shade ; place History on her rightful throne and, at the 
side of her, eloquence and war." 

It is this law in our members, in our social being, that lies 
at the foundation of the Commonwealth, the law which de- 
crees that those who forget the past shall in their turn be for- 
gotten. We are here tonight in vain if we cannot be led to 
realize that what we have and what we are as a Common- 
wealth, with liberty under law, have their roots deep in the 
past. The shallowness and artificiality and lack of efficiency 
and thin fads and fancies in our public life are almost al- 
ways a sign of our having lost connection with the ages. 

Indiana has now come to the close of a year in which she 
has been celebrating her history. The subject of our cele- 
bration has been not so much the birth of the State as the 
life of the State, the growth and the development of the Com- 
monwealth for a hundred years. A hundred years ago today 
President Madison signed a joint resolution of Congress rec- 
ognizing Indiana as the 19th State of the American Union. 
This was the last of a series of steps which introduced In- 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 363 

diana to the sisterhood of States. Within itself it was not 
a notable event. It was but an incident coming as. a matter 
of course; but it is the date, or landmark, at which the life 
of the State legally and officially begins. It merely marks 
an hour in the passage of time, merely a formal act by which 
Indiana passed from a lower to a higher form of local self- 
government. It was but a step which had been foreordained 
when government first came into these parts twenty years be- 
fore. 

It is not this purely formal event, this mere incident, that 
we have met to celebrate. That may have appointed the hour, 
but the cause we celebrate is statehood, its foundations and 
its achievements. How men build their states is one of the 
greatest themes of human history. "History is past politics 
and politics is present history." This is not a definition but 
an emphasis. By this famous utterance Professor Freeman 
meant that to him, at least, the chief end of history is to study 
and magnify the State. The historical physiocrats, like 
Buckle, would direct the attention of history to the physical 
world, the climates and elements under which men live, their 
food, their clothing, their houses, their manners and customs 
and bodies by which they live. This may be good. The eco- 
nomic interpretation of history has its uses but it has been 
overdone. When we wish to deal in history with the things 
among men which are transcendant and permanent we begin 
to dig about the foundations of the State, its origin, its rise, 
its organization. History in its noblest aspect is but the 
biography of States and of the men and women who have 
made these States, or whom these States have made. 

This means that the chief function of the State is to culti- 
vate the political spirit of man, ''Man is a political animal." 
Aristotle, the sage who used that expression, knew the spirit 
that is universal among civilized men, and his recognition of 
man's political nature and political estate made him the father 
of political science. Indianians have sometimes perverted 
and polluted this noble science in its practice and applications, 
but it is still true that a spirit of noble politics lives and 
thrives among us. It lies at the foundation of the State. It is 
the highest function of this Centennial Year, the noblest part 
of such memorial days as this, to cultivate that spirit; that 
all citizens of whatever professions may be touched by its 



364 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

power and be imbued with love and honor and devotion to 
the State. 

There is not in all the range of human endeavor a field 
whose proper cultivation is more essential to the temporal 
happiness of mankind than that of service and devotion to the 
State — and as I speak of the State here, I mean our Nation of 
which Indiana is a part. Here is a field which the great 
Thomas Arnold has called the most important for the ripened 
human mind — that one may become a factor in the greatest 
problem of human history — the problem of governing men. 

It is said of Hegel, the German philosopher, that when he 
brought the manuscript of his great work to his publisher in 
Jena on the day of the great battle in which Napoleon wrought 
the humiliation of Germany, he was surprised to find French 
soldiers in the streets; the great author and philosopher had 
been so wrapt and lost in his study and speculations as not 
to know that war was in progress and his country in danger. 
It is a great, perhaps the highest, function of the State to 
produce and foster the scholar and the man who thinks. These 
are they who are to give birth to thoughts, or who lay the 
foundations of enterprises which are destined to bless gener- 
ations that are yet unborn. But as has been suggested, in 
order that such may have time to think, that they may have 
time and opportunity to meditate and pause, to pause and 
meditate again, that they may have time to work out their 
creations and get them in order, they must be protected from 
turbulence and excitement and interference and left undis- 
turbed by distractions and disorders. To that end they must 
have spread over them as a canopy the aegis of beneficent in- 
stitutions, of capable administrations of righteous laws. This 
is the work of the statesman in the science and art of poli- 
tics. Upon him all classes and degrees in the State depend, 
and in a democracy the citizen as well as the statesman must 
be imbued with that marvelous and dominant spirit, deep, 
wide, and persistent, which has given such distinction to Eng- 
lish and American history. 

Hegel, the great thinker to whom I have referred, who 
was working away v/ith his books without knowing what 
changes and ruin were being wrought to the institutions of 
his State, lived in a time of uneasiness and uncertainty for his 
Fatherland. He might have waked up some fine morning 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 365 

to find his libraries carried to a foreign land and himself and 
his contemporaries, and therefore his posterity reduced to a 
disordered condition, such as could never have harbored or rec- 
ognized a genius, who, if he is not the product, has never in 
all the history of the world been produced beyond the pale 
and influence of political institutions. Hegel's was the age, 
too, of Goethe and Schiller, those great names in German 
literature. Now, it is very true that no one can tell in what 
places or from what causes such genius is to be "provoked 
from the silent dust." In this regard "the wind bloweth 
where it listeth," as Mr. Bryce says in speaking of the Ameri- 
can democracy; but it is noticeable that these great master 
minds in German literature followed hard after the construct- 
ive statesmanship of Frederick the Great, and they were upon 
the very scene of action while the greater Stein was laying the 
foundations in political structure for the unification of Ger- 
many. 

Athens was preeminent in literature and art and science. 
But Athens was also the home of Themistocles, of Thucidydes, 
of Demosthenes and Aristotle, those great creative political 
minds v/hose names add such lustre to human history. There 
is a relation between these two facts. "The preeminence of 
Athens in literature, philosophy and art," says Professor Free- 
man, "was simply the natural result of her preeminence in 
freedom and good government. Yet the literary glory of 
Athens has been allowed to overshadow her political great- 
ness." It is plain that the great historian would have us 
see that to Athens' political greatness her literary glory was 
chiefly due. 

Not only is this true of modern Germany and of ancient 
Greece, it is also true of England. Sir James Macintosh in 
speaking of Magiia Charta says : 

"To have produced it, to have preserved it, to have matured 
it, constitute the immortal claim of England upon the esteem 
of mankind. Her Bacons and Shakespeares, her Miltons and 
Newtons, with all the truth which they have revealed and all 
the generous virtue which they have inspired are of inferior 
value when compared with the subjection of men and their 
rulers to the principles of this great document, if indeed, it 
be not true, that these mighty spirits could not have been 
formed except under equal laws, nor roused to full activity 



366 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

without the influence of that spirit (that is, the poHtical 
spirit) which the Great Charter breathed over the spirit of 
our forefathers." The history of Magna Charta and its prin- 
ciple is but the history of Anglo-Saxon politics. 

The ideals of this Charter are imbedded in the foundations 
of Indiana. They are written in our first fundamental law. 
I do not refer to the first Constitution of 1816, but back of 
that to the immortal Ordinance of 1787, whose consequences 
we see here at this hour and, as Daniel Webster has said, "we 
shall never cease to see them while the Ohio River shall flow." 
Within the principles of this Ordinance, which are as old as 
the struggle for human rights, v/e find the title deed to^ gov- 
ernment and liberty in Indiana. This New Charter of the 
Northwest forever devoted this State to equality, to education, 
to religion, to freedom. 

Recall for a moment its great articles of compact. It was 
solemnly ordained that the new States of the Northwest were 
to find their foundations on certain principles: 

1. Free Soil. "Neither slavery nor involuntary servi- 
tude, except in punishment of crime whereof the party shall 
have been duly convicted shall ever exist in said Territory." 

2. Free Religion. "No person demeaning himself in an 
orderly manner shall ever be molested or disturbed on account 
of his mode of worship or religious belief." 

3. The Free School, "Religion, Morality and Knowledge 
being essential to good government and the happiness of man- 
kind, schools and the means of education shall be forever en- 
couraged." 

I need not attempt to indicate how that promise has been 
made good in the life of Indiana. Education has been re- 
garded as an interest very near and dear to the heart of the 
State and there has been no cause to which the people have 
been more ready to devote themselves in sacrifice and to pay 
of their substance. In their first Constitution of 1816 the 
people made it the duty of the General Assembly "to provide 
by law for a general system of education, ascending in regular 
gradation from tov/nship schools to a State University." The 
growth of her educational system in keeping v/ith that primal 
guarantee has been one of the chief glories of Indiana. 

4. Free Men. The great muniments of civil liberty came 
with the Ordinance of 1787 — right of trial by jury, the habeas 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 367 

corpus, no arbitrary imprisonments, no cruel punishments, 
free speech, free press, free assembly — all the privileges by 
which free men were accustomed to live. These were our 
original heritage. 

On these foundations the State has been established — on 
them the superstructure has been reared. By these moral and 
political principles we have lived and grown for a hundred 
years. In this century of statehood Indiana has written a 
worthy history — a history that should be told and taught to 
our children. From a population of 60,000 we have grown 
to 3,000,000. From a simple agricultural life when the 
pioneer families largely supplied their own needs, we have 
developed a highly complex industrial life, with an economic 
pressure that is going to test our ability to produce and dis- 
tribute with equity the clothing and food of the people. From 
remote settlements hard of access, our country towns have 
grown into quick and easy connections with the outside world. 
This "capital in the wilderness" has risen from its primitive 
country settlement on Fall Creek to one of the foremost inland 
cities of America, with unsurpassed facilities of transporta- 
tion by electricity and steam. 

Indiana has but shared with her sister States in this ma- 
terial progress which will always be a marvel to those who 
observe the contrasts between the beginning and the end of 
our first hundred years. In wealth and industry, in comfort 
and modes of living, in conveniences of travel, in country or 
town, in methods of business, in education, literature or art — 
in everything that goes to make up civilized life, the progress 
of the century has been so remarkable it seems almost im- 
possible for the human mind to conceive the contrast. 

Gov. Ralston, the changes in the life of mankind and 
among the American people since Jonathan Jennings sat in 
the seat in which you have so well served the people of In- 
diana, have been so many and so marvelous that it may, in- 
deed, with truth be said that Jennings lived in an entirely 
different world from what you and I have known. Do I run 
much risk of being rebuked by the truth of History when I 
say, that judged by the circumstances of his life and the 
progress of the world, Jonathan Jennings lived more nearly 
in the times of Abraham than in the times of Woodrow Wil- 
son and of Samuel M. Ralston? Jennings never saw an auto- 



368 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

mobile, or a trolley car, or a railroad, or a telephone, or a 
telegraph, or a writing machine, or an adding machine, or a 
dictagraph, or a mowing machine, or a threshing machine, or 
a sewing machine, or a voting machine, or a great city, or a 
great factory, or a steam printing press, or an elevator, or an 
asphalt street, or a macadamized road, or a public school, or 
an electric light, or a lucifer match, or a gas jet, or a gas 
range, or a two-cent stamp — not to mention the Zeppelin and 
the submarine. But these useful things that I have named — 
let us cast out of mind the hideous instruments of destruc- 
tion — these useful things have entirely changed and bettered 
the face of the world and the way men live. 

In 1787, when the first Constitution of our Territory was 
written, the thirteen little Commonwealths that fringed the 
Atlantic Ocean east of the Alleghanies had about four million 
people, and most men seriously doubted whether a single re- 
public could endure for any length of time over so vast a 
stretch of territory as from Massachusetts to Georgia, In 1916, 
as we face the next century, a united Republic of 48 States 
from the Atlantic to the Pacific governs over 100,000,000 
of people. The railroad, the telegraph, the telephone, the 
penny postage, unite them in business interests and enable 
one government to bind them together as a nation. Wash- 
ington hoped and worked for a firm and lasting Union, but he 
looked forward to nothing like this. Then nearly all the peo- 
ple lived in the country without good roads or good schools, 
or adequate means of travel and communication. Now nearly 
half of the people live in cities, with quick communication and 
highly organized trade and industry, under "sky scrapers" and 
amid great mills and factories and stores. The country is 
big, business is big, enterprises are big, our problems are big 
— the great problems of poverty, crime, disease and their relief 
— and these problems of society and government loom so large 
upon the horizon that the outlook sometimes seems appalling. 
I think your four years' experience in the Governor's chair, 
your excellency, will corroborate that statement. We must 
meet problems and conditions that the men of 1787 and 1816 
could not have imagined. Then, with our land reaching only 
to the Mississippi, Jefferson thought there would be enough 
for the people for a thousand years to come ; and Fisher Ames 



ADMISSION DAY EXEECISES 369 

said that it would take ages to settle the western lands and 
only the Lord knew how it could ever be governed. 

The men of 1816 came here to bear a part of that burden 
of government. They came because they were daring and 
enterprising men, ready for progress and change. They 
adapted their government to their times. They built on old 
foundations, but they erected a superstructure according to 
their needs. Government is like the manners and customs of 
men, like the methods and tools and implements by which they 
live. It is a changing thing from age to age. Its principles 
of justice, equity, order, fair policy and equal rights for all 
do not change; but the methods and means, the instruments 
and institutions and policies and constitutions of government, 
by which truth and justice and righteousness are obtained, 
these forms must change as inventions and progress change 
the face of society. Men must adapt themselves to the 
changed and changing circumstances of their lives not only 
in material things, but in the agencies of government. 

Under the conditions of today, so changed from Jennings' 
day that we are living under a new heaven and on a new 
earth, how shall we face the future? Are we unafraid? 
Shall we stand here on this auspicious and historic occasion 
merely to glorify the past and to take pride to ourselves that 
we had brave fathers in those days, and mothers, too, who 
dared to brave the perils of the wilderness to build a State? 
God forbid ! Let the achievements and the failures of the past 
teach us their lessons. Our failures teach us as much as our 
successes, and we must confess that this history which we cele- 
brate has its seamy side. But forbid that we should find con- 
tentment or self-satisfied pleasure merely in the attainments 
that our history has recorded. Our obligations to the State 
are sacred. Let them be fulfilled and let them never be de- 
nied. 

If, by calling attention in my closing words to some un- 
toward circumstances and unsolved problems in the life of the 
State today, I seem ungracious to this memorial occasion 
which is supposed to be one of felicitation and congratulation, 
I beg to call to mind in apology the words of the ancient sage, 
"Faithful are the wounds of a friend, but the kisses of an 
enemy are deceitful." As Hoosiers born and bred, we may 
talk together of the things of our own household, never fear- 



370 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

ing to know and to face the truth. Self-flattery will not help 
us and pride will lead us to a fall. Only the truth will make 
us free. 

In Indiana today we are standing on the eve of great 
struggles for betterment in government. There are evils to 
be uprooted, reforms to be instituted. Our rural schools need 
reorganization and the whole problem of industrial training 
is still in its incipiency. Our roads are backward and our 
system of road building is full of waste and extravagance. 
Our city governments are in many ways a reproach and a dis- 
grace, given over to partisanship, to the machines of politics, 
and contractual graft. Our legal processes are so cumber- 
some and delayed as to amount in many cases to a denial 
of justice. We have saloons and dives and gambling places 
that are like moral cankers in our cities, veritable breeding 
places of poverty, crime and disease. The criminal class, 
needing restraint and reform, is a constantly enlarging prob- 
lem for the State. The pauper, the dependent, the unfortu- 
nate, the diseased in body and mind, are constantly adding to 
the concern and expense of the Commonwealth. Committed 
as we are in theory to democracy we still deny to half the 
people of Indiana the right to participate in their own govern- 
ment. Taxes are still levied on them all alike, but with such 
inequity and corruption and subornation of perjury as to make 
one almost despair of the virtue and honor of our citizenship. 
Many of these evils are embedded in, and reforms and changes 
are prevented by, a constitution, which although it recites 
justice as its primary object, may fairly be said to make 
justice unconstitutional within the State. 

It may be thought that these words are such as should be 
heard only in the days of our calamity and not in the day 
in which we are called to celebrate our honor and our achieve- 
ments. But if they are indeed the words of truth and sober- 
ness, as I believe, then whether we lift our heads to the clouds 
in self-praise, or hide them in the sand to escape unseen, the 
result is the same. 

These problems and evils confront us. They are to be 
met and solved only as we imbibe the spirit and illustrate the 
principles of the fathers. The quickening principle of a State 
is a sense of devotion. The hand which unites us is the spirit 
of dedication. Its foundation is the sense of obligation strong 



ADMISSION DAY EXERCISES 371 

enough to overmaster self-interest. It is with this mind that 
we should look backward to our history and forward to the 
future, while we seek to invoke the spirit of one hundred years 
ago. 

If we fail to transmit to our children a better State than 
that which we have received, we are recreant in our day and 
generation not only to the heritage but to the spirit of our 
fathers. 

Governor Ralston: — Introducing Mrs. Helen Warrum 
Chappell. Indiana has long boasted of her men of distinction 
and of vision ; but with equal consistency does she point with 
pride to her women of learning and of literature, of culture 
and of song. 

What truer lines has any Hoosier written than these from 
the pen of that pioneer writer, Sarah T. Bolton : 

Nothing gi^eat is lightly won; 

Nothing won is lost; 
Every good deed, nobly done, 

Will repay the cost. 
Leave to Heaven in humble trust 

All you will to do; 
But if you succeed, you must 

Paddle your own canoe. 

We are honored tonight by having on our program an In- 
diana woman whose power of voice in song is as effective as 
was the pen of Mrs. Bolton in literature. 

Mrs. Helen Warrum Chappell is one of our country's most 
charming and talented artists. I take great pleasure in pre- 
senting her to you. 

After Mrs. Chappell's songs, Governor Ralston announced 
the "Hallelujah Chorus" as the closing number of the evening. 



■ 1 - 




■- 


' 


: 




'1 


r ( 


.1- 


: ! '\ 


3 




£ 


k ■ d 


<» 


-■f ' 


:3 


■ 11 


■ ^ 


_ i 


♦ 


■ ■ 


- - > 


■ ♦ 


_ 


3 




B 


• ■ 5 


^ 


■' i ■ 




1 


1 


. 


k 


1 :» <'= 


■ 


1 





(372) 



APPENDIX 

Centennial Addresses by Governor Samuel m. 

Ralston 

(In addition to the Centennial addresses of Governor Ralston given at Corydon and 
at the Admission Day exercises which are included in the reports of these occasions, it 
is deemed proper in making as full a report as possible of the Centennial year to include 
the other Centennial addresses of the Governor, which are here grouped together. While 
the first address was delivered in 1915, yet it was in reality an address embodying a 
review of the state's development and calling attention to the approaching Centennial 
celebration.) 



Address of Governor Samuel M. Ralston at the 

Panama-Pacific Exposition on Indiana 

Day, June 26, 1915 



The Panama-Pacific Exposition marks an epoch in civiliza- 
tion. Not because it is a great World's Fair. There have 
been other record-breaking World's Fairs. But this event is 
epochal because the event behind it, the event it celebrates, is 
epochal — the construction of the Panama Canal. The world 
of commerce, and science and art — the world of civilization — 
has recognized that accomplishment as one of the colossal 
achievements of the human race. 

Indiana, occupying as she does a proud position midway 
between the two great oceans — an imperial domain in the 
very heart of the continent — has her share in the proper 
American pride in America's most stupendous enterprise. 

And, as Indiana is proud of the achievement lying back of 
it, so she is proud to have an honored part in this inspiring 
event — this offspring of the greater event. In speaking for 
my State on this particular day, I have no disposition to close 
my eyes to the brilliant chapter she has written in the his- 
tory of our country. She has not only achieved well for her- 
self, but she has wrought mightily for the nation of which 
she is a part. 

SOME INDIANA ACHIEVEMENTS 

The factors figuring most conspicuously in Indiana's his- 
tory and enabling her to make contributions to society, have 
been her natural advantages and the character of her citizens 
and of her institutions. In size, she is the thirty-fifth State 
of the Union, but the gifts bestowed upon her out of the lavish 
hand of Nature rank her among the first. While she has none 
of the precious metals, she has long attracted attention as a 
mineral producing and manufacturing, as well as an agricul- 
tural State. As a coal producing State, she ranks sixth. Last 
year the output of her coal mines was valued at $17,500,000. 
In stone production, she ranks fifth, with an output last year 
valued at $5,000,000. Her building stone finds a market in 
every civilized country. City halls and state capitols; royal 

(375) 



376 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

homes and kingly palaces are constructed of it. Last year, 
her clay and clay products were valued at $8,500,000; from 
her own shale and limestone, she made and marketed 
10,000,000 barrels of cement, valued at $10,000,000; her pe- 
troleurn made almost a million barrels, valued at $1,250,000, 
and her lime output was valued at $350,000. 

It is doubtful if any State in the Union excels our own In- 
diana in transportation facilities. Eight thousand miles of 
steam railroads, not including sidings, and two thousand miles 
of electric roads stretch across her surface. If this mileage 
were to cover the State in equidistant parallel lines from 
east to west, a traveler through Indiana from north to south 
would be expected to "stop, look and listen" about every three 
miles for an approaching train or car. Indianapolis, her capi- 
tal city, is the greatest interurban or electric traction road 
center in the world, and for a long time was also the greatest 
steam railroad center. 

But all our transportation does not have to be carried on 
by rail. White river, the Wabash river, and the Ohio river, 
and our lake fronts afford us practically a thousand miles of 
watervv^ay. In this connection, it is well to note that the four 
big dams the United States government is constructing on 
the Ohio — at Markland, Evans' Landing, Tobinsport, and 
Evansville — will connect us the year round by a nine-foot deep 
waterway with the Mississippi river. 

Travelers tell us our wide-stretched plains and fertile soil ; 
our landscapes overarched by blue skies and decorated by 
islands of forest ; and our beautiful region of lakes, are unsur- 
passed for restful and quiet beauty by anything they have 
seen abroad; while in other sections of the State Nature's 
rugged charm reminds them of Switzerland's grander scenery. 
There are no manifestations of nature in Indiana that are 
awe-inspiring, but here Nature's voice and beauty are eloquent 
of Nature's God and of his love and compassion for the chil- 
dren of men. 

INDIANA'S PIONEERS 

To this state, with these natural advantages and with pos- 
sibilities yet greater than these, our fathers came in search of 
homes. They came down from the hill slopes and up out of 
the valleys of Kentucky; from the plateaus of Tennessee; 
across the mountains from Virginia ; up from the Caro- 



APPENDIX 377 

linas, and down the Ohio from Pennsylvania and the seaboard 
States. They came in search of wider Hberty and larger op- 
portmiities. Many of them had fought for their country's 
freedom in the Revolutionary war and took up land granted 
to them as war bounties. Hither they traveled in frail boats, 
rudely constructed wagons, and primitive ox carts; and their 
journey to their new homes, through a virgin forest and a 
trackless country, was under conditions that severely tested 
their patience, strength and endurance. 

These early settlers of Indiana — our parents and grand- 
parents — were hardy, frugal and industrious. They were a 
rugged race and the strenuosity they had to assert in locat- 
ing themselves anew only better qualified them for the sturdy 
citizenship so essential to the proper development of a new 
community ; and for that matter, so indispensable to a healthy 
and progressive civilization. 

Often the suffering endured and the heroism displayed in 
these forest exploits — in subduing wild nature and wild men 
— surpassed anything witnessed on the field of battle. In 
civilized war, there are nurses to care for the sick and 
wounded, and the sense of duty and discipline and the excite- 
ment of the engagements to urge the soldier forward. But 
a man and his wife, with their little family almost foodless, 
clotheless and penniless, burying all alone a child of their 
affection in the heart of the primitive forest, have little cheer 
or inspiration to urge them forward. They are wont to linger 
by the nev/-made grave, until, wounded in heart and broken 
in spirit, they are compelled to turn their backs upon this 
sacred spot to pursue their way to the little log homestead, 
to plod on wearily, in the midst of the silent forest that ever 
reminds them of the silent grave of their little one. Who, 
by any eloquence of speech, can tell of the suffering they en- 
dured and the heroism they displayed? 

Home building in the new country — in Indiana, as in other 
States — was epoch-making. It was the planting of the seed 
for the civilization that was to follow. It was the building 
of the log cabin in the woods by one generation, that a later 
generation might enjoy the palace on the boulevard. It was 
the endurance by the farmer of the howling of the wolf and 
the screaming of the panther at the cabin door, that we might 
enjoy the strains of the orchestra in the park. 

23—15997 



378 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

We hear much of the strenuous life in these days, and yet 
neither the builder of a modern city nor the ruler of a State, 
displays the physical strenuosity our pioneer fathers and 
mothers did, in erecting their cabins and clearing their garden 
patches and bringing under their dominion enough of the 
earth to produce a few bushels of wheat and corn. Theirs 
also was the strenuous life. And we have made our progress 
by standing upon their shoulders. Much of our strength and 
capacity we have inherited from their virtues. What they 
felt and what they believed, they transmitted to their institu- 
tions and to us. They made it possible for us, their children, 
to participate in this world event, and cold, indeed, would 
be our hearts, if we could not pause long enough, amid the 
sounding of trumpets and the glare and dazzle of this occa- 
sion, to pay respect to their memory and acknowledge in rev- 
erence our obligations to them. Macaulay spoke prophetically 
when he said: 

A people which takes no pride in the noble achievements of their 
ancestors will never achieve anything worthy to be remembered with 
pride by their remote descendants. 

ORDINANCE OF 1787 

The territory within the boundaries of Indiana was orig- 
inally, as you know, a part of the Northwest Territory, out of 
which five great States were afterwards carved. Over this 
domain the scepters of kings once held sway, but ultimately 
they were succeeded by republican institutions under Virginia, 
which State by the marvelous Ordinance of 1787, dedicated 
it to the nation. I characterize this ordinance as a marvelous 
instrument of government advisedly. Of it, Daniel Webster 
said: 

I doubt whether one single law of any lawgiver, ancient or modern, 
has produced effects of more distinct, marked and lasting character than 
the Ordinance of 1787. 

It is well to remember the words of Webster, in our search 
for the source of the ideals of those who builded our State 
for us. 

The Ordinance of 1787 provided a form of government for 
the Northwest Territory that will serve as a model as long as 
free government lasts. 

It guaranteed to the Territory free soil. It specifically 



APPENDIX 379 

stated that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except 
in punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly 
convicted, shall ever exist in said Territory." 

It respected liberty of conscience. It specifically set forth 
that "no person demeaning himself in an orderly manner shall 
ever be disturbed or molested on account of his mode of wor- 
ship or religious belief." 

It set a high value on education. It specifically declared 
that "Religion, morality and knowledge, being essential to 
good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and 
the means of education shall be forever encouraged." 

It guaranteed civil liberty by providing for "free speech, 
free press, free assembly, free petition, free trial by jury and 
for the writ of habeas corpus." 

In addition to these fundamental principles of free gov- 
ernment, from which we should seek instruction and inspira- 
tion in these times of feverish excitement, this Ordinance took 
cognizance of the fact that material progress could not long 
be made, nor society long held together in peace, in the ab- 
sence of a proper regard for property rights ; and so it stipu- 
lated against the impairment of contract ; and that conviction 
of crime should not work corruption of blood nor forfeiture 
of estate. 

It repudiated primogeniture, feudalism's relic of tyranny, 
that gave to the elder son the whole of his father's lands and 
houses to the exclusion of his other children and made it im- 
possible for nine-tenths of the people ever to have an interest 
in landed estates. 

If it be asked whether these settlers of Indiana had a 
proper appreciation of the manifold advantages afforded them 
in their new home, I submit these words of one of the pio- 
neers as an answer to the question : 

Lying directly across the track for all time of all the great 
artificial improvements that can be made connecting the East and the 
great Pacific, over the valley of the Mississippi; coupled with the fact 
that she is so highly favored in climate, soil, mineral, wood, water, and 
rock, we can see that Indiana combines all the elements of a great and 
growing State. 

If it be asked, if our forefathers had a proper apprecia- 
tion of the principles and ideals embodied in the Ordinance 
of 1787, let me answer that these principles were set forth 



380 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

in Indiana's first Constitution, adopted in 1816; and as to 
whether or not these ideals played a part in the lives of In- 
diana's pioneers, I cite the fact that in Indiana's first Consti- 
tution there was to be found most humane provisions for the 
treatment of the criminal. Imprisonment for debt was in- 
hibited after the accused had surrendered his property. The 
penal code was to be founded on the principles of reformation, 
and not vindictive justice; and the legislature was charged 
with the duty of providing sufficient land, whereon those per- 
sons who, by reason of age, infirmity or other misfortunes have 
a claim upon society, may have employment and proper com- 
fort and in the language of that instrument, "lose by their 
usefulness the degrading sense of dependence." 

Yes; these old settlers caught the ideals suggested by the 
great Ordinance, for in their first Constitution they also said : 

It shall be the duty of the General Assembly as soon as circum- 
stances will permit, to provide by law for a general system of educa- 
tion, ascending- in regular gradation from township schools to a State 
University, wherein tuition shall be gratis, and equally open to all. 

Thus, it is seen that those who gave us the State we love, 
set for those following them an example which the citizen- 
ship of Indiana has always striven to emulate. While the 
early settlers, favoring common schools, did not make much 
headway for many years in the development of -the state's 
educational facilities, on account of the difficulties they en- 
countered in making a living and in overcoming opposition to 
free schools, nevertheless, by the time she was a third of a 
century old, Indiana had succeeded in constructing a fine free 
school system. Her schools are, in truth, the source of her 
greatest strength. They develop her moral fibre, as well as 
train the mind, and without moral fibre the State is without 
enduring foundation. Across the threshold of the free school 
all pupils pass upon a level. The public school is a leveler, 
but it levels up and not down. It is a sort of a melting pot, 
by means of which the best there is in a pupil is gotten out 
of him and under conditions whereby all those sharing the 
melting process will derive advantages not otherwise possible 
for them to get. The boy and girl who have not attended 
the common schools are handicapped ; for they will never know 
how to interpret accurately that ever present and constantly 
assertive thing we call the life of the common people. That 



APPENDIX 381 

life, like human progress everywhere, does not always move 
at the same speed. At times it seems to hesitate and appar- 
ently to slumber. Again, when the people are moved to great 
earnestness, its smooth surface is broken into a thousand 
forms, like the waves of the sea in a storm. And it is this 
indefinable something, for the want of a better name, we call 
the spirit of progress, or civilization. This upheaval of soci- 
ety becomes regulated and crystallizes into a demand. This 
demand must be analyzed and understood by the successful 
individual; and the boy who touches elbows with his com- 
panions in the common schools will in the end, in a majority 
of instances, have the clearest comprehension of these prob- 
lems, because he is in touch with the life of the common peo- 
ple. Such a youth, upon attaining the stature of manhood, 
will have a better understanding of the people's needs. He 
will sympathize more keenly with their demands, and with 
proper poise and without subserviency he can act more wisely 
in the part he plays in their government. 

Indiana has long been widely reputed for her public school 
system and the high efficiency of her schools. They are con- 
stantly enriching society with a well-equipped citizenship. 
They have reduced the state's illiteracy until it now represents 
but six-tenths of one per cent of those ranging between the 
ages of ten and twenty years. Our schools are conducted on 
the theory that our State is secure just in the degree she rests 
on a patriotic and intelligent democracy. 

EDUCATIONAL LEGISLATION 

Anyone who will take the pains to make the examination, 
will discover the State has shown in recent years a progressive 
spirit and materially strengthened her school system, by pro- 
viding uniform text-books; by requiring medical inspection 
and sanitary school buildings and playgrounds; by making 
fire drills compulsory ; by enacting a teachers' minimum wage 
law; by passing a compulsory education law; by the creation 
of the office of high school inspector ; by creating consolidated 
schools, centrally located, with necessary equipment, good 
teachers and a course better planned to meet the needs of 
pupils; by increasing the tax rate for the three state educa- 
tional institutions, Indiana University, Purdue University, and 
the State Normal School, thereby enabling them to do with 



382 ■ THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

greater efficiency the work they are designed to accomplish, 
without having to practice the questionable tactics of the pro- 
fessional lobbyist; and finally and more recently, by placing 
upon her statute books a vocational educational law. 

This latter law marks an epoch in popular education. It 
is a masterpiece of legislation. One of the greatest tragedies 
of this nation — and Indiana has had her part in it — has been 
the turning of boys and girls out of school without proper 
qualification by the vast majority of them to do their life 
work. A comparatively few of them have been taught very 
learnedly how to deal with Greek roots, but the tragedy lies 
in the fact that the great majority of them will have to deal, 
in the practical afi'airs of life, with beet roots and corn roots 
and wheat roots and a hundred other roots, on the flower and 
fruit of which the world must subsist ; and about these teach- 
ers and schools have taught them nothing. Teachers and 
schools have taught them nothing of the plane and the mill; 
nothing of the forge and the factory. The tragedy lies in 
the fact, that coordination between the brain and hand has 
been neglected. 

In her vocational legislation, Indiana has set about to 
make reparation, as far as she can, for her neglect of her youth 
in the past. The truth is now pressing upon her, as it never 
has before, that not more than fifty per cent of her pupils com- 
plete the work of the grades ; that only a small per cent com- 
pletes the high school course; and that a very small part of 
high school graduates ever receive a college course. The mul- 
titude has been permitted to take up the thread of life with- 
out having a well fixed viewpoint of life. And the fault has 
been with the State. 

Under this law the elements of agriculture, mechanics and 
domestic science will be taught in the district school. And it 
is fair to assume that hereafter a keener interest will be 
felt in those subjects. People are coming to understand, and 
the operation of this law will confirm their understanding, that 
the public is more interested in having a boy equipped for the 
farm or factory than it is in having him prepared to operate 
on Wall Street. We are looking at things differently from 
what we formerly did. We now know that domestic science 
serves society to a better purpose than does either the science 
of the stars or the thin polish of the finishing school. We 



APPENDIX 383 

appreciate that the kitchen is more of a factor in the family 
than it is possible for an observatory to be. The philosopher 
"who sitteth on the circle of the heavens" does not contribute 
in the same degree to the public welfare as does the man who 
develops a great industry in a manner so as to dignify labor 
and humanize capital. Indiana's vocational educational law is 
a long step forwards. It is a law adapted alike to the little 
Davids with their flocks of goats and sheep and the ambitious 
Jonathans with a thirst for power. It will afford opportu- 
nities alike to the boy of the cottage and the boy of the man- 
sion, to train their minds and skill their hands in equipping 
themselves to do the things they are best adapted to do. 

WOMAN'S PART IN EDUCATION 

In our efforts to increase our educational facilities and dif- 
fuse knowledge, the fact should not escape us that Indiana 
women have wielded a most potent influence. They have been 
tireless and wise in their efforts to build up and extend libra- 
ries throughout the State. They have been constant in urging 
civic improvement. They have favored the creation of a 
juvenile court. They have demanded pure food laws. They 
have long been abreast of all movements looking to the care 
of children ; to the promotion of public morals, and to the ex- 
tension of literary work. 

The Minerva Society, organized in New Harmony in 1859, 
was the first woman's club in the United States. This is a 
distinction for our State, of which Indiana women are justly 
proud. This organization was as much interested in educa- 
tional matters as it was in behalf of its own members; and 
as it was, I have no doubt, in the kindergarten of New Har- 
mony, the first school of the kind in the United States and the 
second in the world. 

INDIANA'S NOTED MEN 

Our state has produced many able men. They are too nu- 
merous to undertake to name them or even to designate those 
in any particular field of distinction. Often have they been 
called into the public service by the nation, and invariably 
they have shed luster upon their State. Indianians take pride 
in the fact that the present Vice-President of the United 
States, the scholarly and brilliant Thomas R. Marshall, is a 



384 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

native-born Hoosier, and that one of the Indiana Commission- 
ers to this Exposition, the well-poised and conservative Charles 
W. Fairbanks, occupied that office not long before him. 

We have indeed produced statesmen who have ranked 
among the foremost of the nation. The fame of our scien- 
tists have long since excited favorable comment in other lands 
and they have been credited many times with having spoken 
the final word in their respective lines of research. In litera- 
ture, our writers have charmed, entertained and spoken with 
the weight of authority. Our poets have sung in rapturous 
strains of the innocence of childhood, the romance of youth, 
the strength and glory of middle life, and the sweet and 
solemn tenderness of age. They have plucked the earliest and 
fairest flowers of the human heart, and attuned the souls of 
men with the immortal music of the stars. Our soldiers have 
always brought honor to the State and their sacrifices and 
heroism have exalted our citizenship. 

AGRICULTURE AND MANUFACTURING 

The Hoosier farmer has taken his stand near the head in 
the agricultural column. He has come to know the value of 
scientific farming. He has ceased to exhaust his soil before 
renewing its strength by approved means of fertilization. And 
he applies the same up-to-date spirit in the growing and de- 
velopment of live stock. The result is our farms are among 
the most productive anywhere to be found and our breeds of 
horses, cattle, sheep and hogs are always in demand at paying 
prices. The farmer, always dependable in his citizenship, is 
now in the most thrifty class. 

As a manufacturing State, Indiana has displayed wonder- 
ful genius, industry and progress. She makes all kinds of 
farm machinery and other labor-saving devices. Her plows 
are known everywhere. She has the largest wagon industry 
in the world ; a like claim can be made for one of her furniture 
factories, and she makes more lawn-mowers than any other 
State or nation. She is, beyond doubt, the second State in 
the Union in the automobile industry. Her business men are 
energetic and progressive and conduct their great enterprises 
along safe lines. The result is that, as a rule, there are no 
violent or serious disasters in the commercial life of the State. 



APPENDIX 385 

GREATNESS BASED ON MORAL QUALITIES 

But the citizens of Indiana have not thought solely of 
their natural advantages and material progress. It is their 
philosophy that the grandeur of a State depends upon moral 
qualities. Superior numbers do not necessarily mean superior 
virtues. Territory is not always synonymous with honesty, 
nor wealth with patriotism ; but love of country, supported by 
sacrifice, is a people's highest ethical expression. Back in 
Indiana we have learned that material progress is safe prog- 
ress so long as wealth does its part in suppressing vice, eradi- 
cating disease, and maintaining an enlightened democracy, 
properly safeguarded by law and order. Lawlessness, vice, 
disease, and ignorance unbridled do not exist where society 
is sound and democracy sane. 

OUR BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 

Holding these views, our citizens have quite naturally 
given some time to doing the things suggested by the better 
impulses of the heart They have not neglected to cultivate 
sympathy for those of their fellows who have been bereft of 
reason, or in some other manner rendered dependent upon pub- 
lic favor. Therefore, out of hearts of love and in recognition 
of their duty to society, the people of Indiana are providing 
most generously for their insane, criminal and dependent 
classes. How to deal with these unfortunates properly is one 
of the most perplexing problems the State is called upon to 
solve. The rate at which they are increasing is appalling, and 
clearly indicates that improved methods must be adopted for 
dealing with the public wards of the State. Beyond doubt, 
Indiana has taken advanced grounds in the construction and 
management of her penal, reformatory, and benevolent insti- 
tutions ; and yet, as one interested in the inhabitants of these 
institutions and in those who may become inmates thereof, 
I have not the courage and the knowledge to assert that we 
have always taken the wisest course in the management of 
these institutions, or to prophesy as to what the future de- 
mand upon us will be in dealing with these objects of public 
care. 

THE STATE'S DEFECTIVES 

Indiana is giving practical proof of her enlightened inter- 
est and public spirit by adopting or creating new methods and 



386 THE INDIANA .CENTENNIAL 

instrumentalities for the care and cure of her afflicted and 
defective population. She is now developing the colony plan 
for her chronic insane, that they may have the advantage of 
outdoor life, with its sunshine and fresh air, and that they 
may in a measure contribute to their own support by invigor- 
ating work — by gardening, working in truck patches, and 
taking a part in the activities of farm life — calculated to 
improve both their mental and physical condition. 

Indiana has gotten away from her former custom of try- 
ing to reform law violators by sending them to jail. Jails 
are no longer recognized as cures for crime. They are de- 
grading rather than regenerating in their nature and effects. 
Nine out of ten of those sentenced to jail come out more strongly 
bent upon mischief than they were when they entered upon 
their sentence. This class of law violators will therefore be 
hereafter sentenced to hard work on the Penal Farm, where 
they will be kindly treated and given time to see the error of 
their ways and an opportunity to make compensation to soci- 
ety, by labor on the farm and by making lime and crushing 
stone for commercial purposes. It is believed that a stone pile 
will do more toward giving this class of individuals a proper 
conception of the duty they owe to themselves and to the State 
than will a privilege afforded them to swap stories over a 
deck of cards in a jail cell. 

INDIANA'S MARCH FORWARD 

Indiana moves forward. Our State was among the first 
States of the Union to create a Board of State Charities, lay- 
ing upon it the duty to investigate the whole system of public 
charities and correctional institutions and to review the man- 
agement of any institution, whenever the board believed the 
same should be done, with the view of having errors corrected 
and new and modern methods adopted therein. The duties 
of this board are diversified, perplexing, and arduous ; but its 
work has been performed most efficiently and in a manner 
that has attracted attention and won approval throughout the 
country. Rev. Francis H. Gavisk, fine spirited man that he 
is, has long been and now is a member of this board, and he has 
quite recently brought honor to his State by being elected 
president of the National Conference of Charities and Correc- 
tion. 



APPENDIX 387 

Indiana moves forward. Our people are a practical peo- 
ple. They believe that the Lord helps those who help them- 
selves. They believe, therefore, that it is better to prevent 
illness than it is to take chances on curing illness. For this 
reason they are becoming more and more watchful of sanitary 
conditions — they are champions of the public health. 

The typhoid germ was discovered in 1881. That same 
year Indiana inaugurated her public health work. In 1899, 
our pure food statute was enacted, and we are proud of the 
fact that, when Congress came to legislate on that subject 
in 1905, it had the sound judgment to appropriate much of our 
law. But I cannot now undertake to mention the progres^ve 
laws enacted in the interest of the public health. They are 
numerous, of course. That they are wise may be inferred 
from the fact that health authorities of other States and of the 
federal government rank the work of our State Board of 
Health second to none. 

DISEASE PREVENTION WORK 

I know I shall be pardoned for suggesting in this connec- 
tion, that I have the honor of having issued as Governor the 
first proclamation issued in this country asking the people of 
a State to observe a day as Disease Prevention Day. In my 
proclamation I said: 

Health is the greatest of blessings and the source of efficiency and 
power. The enjoyment of life, and the achievement of liberty and hap- 
piness are impossible without it. There is nothing strikingly glorious 
in a civilization not founded upon intellectual and moral, as well as 
physical strength; for physical health is the surest foundation of mental 
and moral health. 

This proclamation attracted favorable attention through- 
out the nation. It was discussed in pulpits and by publicists ; 
and in newspapers and in magazines. The public spirited 
Nathan Straus, of New York, in urging other Governors to 
favor a disease prevention day, said in part : 

The Governor of Indiana has proposed a plan that will pay big 
dividends to the State and its people. The idea is one of the best that 
ever has been originated in this country. It is so good that I want to 
pass it along to you in the hope that you will adopt it in your State. 

As an evidence of the humane and progressive spirit of the 
people of Indiana, I cite the fact that no day, set apart by 



388 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

statute to be observed as a holiday, was ever as generally and 
as enthusiastically observed in Indiana as was Disease Preven- 
tion Day. Indiana moves forward. 

INDIANA'S CENTENNIAL 

And now let me say to you, former sons and daughters 
of Indiana, those who have moved away from your old Hoosier 
home — the home where you were first loved and where you 
first reciprocated love — next year your mother State will 
celebrate the hundredth anniversary of her admission into the 
Union of States. I know you will be interested in that his- 
toric event. Some of you will want to return on that occasion, 
because near the old home rest the remains of father and 
mother ; and hallowed is the spot where their ashes lie. Some 
of you will want to return, because there you can regale your- 
selves anew with the stories and experiences you enjoyed in 
the flower of your youth, before you knew of the bitterness 
that comes with the breaking of family ties. Some of you 
will want to return to see how we, who have remained, have 
kept the old homestead — and the faith. You will find in many 
instances that the walls about and the hearthstone in the old 
house have been worn out by the heel of time and replaced in 
modern style to meet our demands. The old well, with its 
moss-covered bucket, is no more to be seen. The winding 
pathway down to the spring is no longer visible. Here and 
there, you will see that the roof on the old smoke-house has 
toppled in, and the barn, in which you played hide-and-seek 
and hid Easter eggs, has finally yielded to the elements. 

And while these things will bring to you a touch of pathos 
and sorrow, on all hands the evidence of a happy people and a 
normal life — industrious, thrifty, and cultured — will bring 
gladness to your hearts. You will find that we are working 
out our destiny along broad lines. You will discover that 
we have been farsighted enough to know that we had to make 
our own fortunes and cannot rely upon other persons or the 
State to make them for us. Having individually progressed 
through our own endeavor, we are now ambitious to make 
a creditable showing of our state's greatness; and you are 
asked, because of the ties that bind us together, not to fail 
to witness this display of Indiana's glory. 



APPENDIX 389 

But you will also discover that your mother State, in her 
first century, has not lived for herself alone. Her vision is 
world-wide and under- the bow of promise of her patriotism — 
a patriotism resting upon justice — will be seen the manifesta- 
tions of her fraternal spirit — her affection for all mankind. 
Just now, Indiana is most solicitous for universal peace. All 
her moral strength is back of President Wilson in his tireless 
efforts to heal the bleeding wounds of civilization, and re- 
establish the Golden Rule and the open door between the 
nations of the earth. Indiana would love her neighbors as 
herself and she would find her neighbor wherever she can 
serve in promoting civic righteousness among men. 



Citizenship 



Address of Gov. Samuel M. Ralston Before the Indian- 
apolis Board of Trade Centennial Dinner, 
February 22, 1916 

Mr. Toastmaster and Gentlemen : 

This event is suggestive of lofty sentiments, and I recog- 
nize I am distinctly honored in having a share in it. The day 
is the anniversary of the birth of America's patron saint, 
George Washington, whose wisdom will ever serve to direct 
our nation's course. The year marks the hundredth anniver- 
sary in the life of our beloved State, and brings vividly to 
mind the hardships and sacrifices of pioneer days. And the 
subject assigned me — Citizenship — challenges our attention to 
the duty we owe to home and country. I repeat, the event is 
suggestive of lofty sentiments. 

Washington! Our nation's first President. Jonathan 
Jennings! Our State's first Governor. What enthusiasm 
these names arouse in the breast of the lovers of liberty and 
of free government! I confess to having a reverence for the 
memory of Washington and to having a feeling a little more 
difficult of analysis for the memory of Jennings. I honor his 
memory of course, but in thinking of him, I admit some em- 
barrassment. He was my great predecessor in office. His 
ability and wisdom set an official standard that but few, if 
any, of his successors have filled. Though he was young in 
years and had to blaze the way as the first Governor, he im- 
pressed his individuality upon the State and won the approval 
of her citizenship in a manner seldom possible for one in high 
office to do. 

Governor Jennings was a man far in advance of his 
immediate associates. He was thoroughly schooled in the 
principles of our government. He believed devotedly in the 
freedom of the individual and was uncompromising in his 
opposition to slavery. He was an advocate of an educated 
citizenship. He saw that ignorance and greed were the twin 
enemies of our State and nation, and he urged upon the 
people the importance of education and the dissemination of 
useful knowledge among them, in restraint of vice and in 
the support of public morals. No one understood better than 

(390) 



APPENDIX 391 

he, that the security of free government rests upon the 
morahty of the people and upon the maintenance of public 
order. In his first message to the Legislature, he said in part : 

Under every free government the happiness of the citizens must 
be identified with their morals; and while a constitutional exercise of 
their rights shall continue to have its due weight in the discharge of 
the duties required of the constitutional authorities of the State, too 
much attention cannot be bestowed to the encouragement and promotion 
of every moral virtue, and to the enactment of laws calculated to restrain 
the vicious, and prescribe punishment for every crime commensurate to 
its enormity. 

These words were uttered a hundred years ago by a young 
man in discharge of an official duty, but they afford as sound 
a basis today for the development of a healthy republican citi- 
zenship as they did when they were first penned. 

Mr. Toastmaster, I thank and congratulate your organiza- 
tion for honoring the memory and affording me the opportu- 
nity for recalling on this occasion the imperishable services 
of my brilliant predecessor of a hundred years ago, the Hon. 
Jonathan Jennings, the first Governor of Indiana. 

My subject affords a very wide range in which to conduct 
a discussion, but it is not my intention to venture very far 
afield. The founders of our government cut rather a large 
pattern, after which to fashion and develop American citizen- 
ship. In the preamble to the Declaration of American Inde- 
pendence they declared that "We hold these truths to be self- 
evident, that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed 
by their Creator with certain unalienable rights ; that among 
these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness." 

A citizen of this government^ therefore, resting as it does 
upon this conception of the rights of man, might be reason- 
ably expected to recognize a very close relationship existing 
between him and his government and to feel very keenly the 
obligation he is under thereto. American citizenship is the 
first citizenship of the world. 

Life without liberty is without one of its very greatest 
charms. Liberty, without the right to go in pursuit of happi- 
ness, is not liberty; and so it is that the government that 
guarantees to its citizens the right to life, liberty and the pur- 
suit of happiness should enjoy the unswerving loyalty of its 
citizens. American citizenship deserves to be the first citizen- 
ship of the world. 



392 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

A few days ago I had the honor, through the invitation of 
Col. Russell Harrison, to enjoy a noon luncheon in this city 
with an Archbishop of Servia and some of his friends. In 
the course of the conversation at the table, the interpreter con- 
veyed to me the information, that the Archbishop, responding 
to a remark I had addressed to him, desired to inform me that 
my country was recognized in foreign lands as "a basket of 
bread to the world." And my friends, it is this conception 
of our nation, held by so many people of other countries, that 
makes our nation mean more to humanity than any other 
nation on earth. Those, viewing us from afar as "a basket 
of bread to the world," have no difficulty in concluding that the 
material hope of mankind very largely rests with us. But if 
we are only to occupy this pinnacle before the world our basket 
must contain something more than bread for the physical man. 
It must have in it bread for the moral and intellectual man, 
and sufficient thereof to make him loyal and persistent in his 
pursuit of high ideals — ideals that are the flower and fruit 
of a humane and Christian civilization. 

The form of our government imposes very grave duties 
upon the individual citizen. In it he is given a voice in law 
making and law enforcement. If not directly, he is given this 
power indirectly through representation, and this lays upon 
him the gravest sort of responsibility. It obligates him to 
familiarize himself with public needs and to give his voice 
and service for the public welfare. When he does not do this, 
he is living below the standard of good citizenship and below 
what should be the standard of the average citizenship in this 
country. If the average citizen is not on the side of the pub- 
lic welfare, he does not deserve to be designated as a good 
citizen. 

The security and perpetuity of our government, local and 
national, abides with the average citizen. He bears its bur- 
dens whether they be imposed in peace or in war ; and for this 
reason, if no other, none should be more alert than he in the 
guidance of public affairs. He should be, in the best meaning 
of the term, a politician every day, looking to his "govern- 
ment's course — to its safety, peace and prosperity." When 
he adopts this view of his relation to his government, he feels 
more keenly his citizenly responsibility and appreciates more 
highly the exalted position occupied by the American citizen; 
for things are valued largely by what they cost. 



APPENDIX 393 

The people of this country should not overlook the fact 
that they can have whatever kind of government they want 
— good, bad or indifferent. Their form of government is hard 
to improve upon; but this is not so of th^ administration of 
their public affairs within the sphere prescribed by their gov- 
ernment. The former is definitely fixed and can only be 
changed or modified according to prescribed procedure and 
after long and serious consideration; but the administration 
of their affairs depends upon the intelligence, industry, hon- 
esty and patriotism of those honored with official position. 
Too often the people are too indifferent in choosing their pub- 
lic servants and too reticent in demanding faithful service of 
them. Whenever this occurs the standard of citizenship is 
lowered. 

Mere croaking will avail nothing after an official wrong 
has been committed. It will not even prevent its repetition. 
Croakers get nowhere and get nothing except the grouch. 
It is the alert forward-looking citizen, with his finger on the 
public pulse and his eye in search of an opportunity to safe- 
guard public rights, who makes the greatest contribution to 
society. He is, in the broadest and best sense, a public 
servant. 

It is not enough for a man to be able to say he has kept the 
law and done no wrong. It is not sufficient for one to say 
he has done nothing against the peace and dignity of the State. 
Doing nothing is catching, and it cannot be said that those 
who do nothing are a blessing to society. While I would not 
say they are bad citizens, I would characterize them as passive 
citizens, standing for nothing that is progressive, holy and 
uplifting. Their failure or inability to touch elbows with each 
other does not release them from their obligation to their 
neighbor. The man who does nothing is not needed any- 
where. He is not wanted at either the Work House or the 
Penal Farm. It is emphatically true in a republic, if any- 
where, that no man liveth unto himself. 

What is the test of good citizenship? May it not be rea- 
sonably said that the proper standard of citizenship requires 
the citizen, free from misfortune, to do more for his govern- 
ment and for society than they do for him? Judged by this 
standard, what a colossal figure Washington becomes ! What 
an inspiring model his life is after which the humblest citizen 
may in some degree fashion his own life ! Washington never 

24—15997 



394 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

sought an opportunity to get something from the public, but 
to the pubhc he gave his abihty and service; for the pubhc 
he suffered and poured out his blood and treasure; and for 
free government and humanity, he staked his life in war to 
cast off of his nation the yoke of tyranny — his nation now the 
light of the world! 

A proper conception of citizenship in this country does not 
limit one to a consideration of only ethical questions. Society 
can make no headway toward the lofty things of life in the 
absence of material progress. This is a significant fact. The 
founders of our republic recognized it as such, and they evi- 
denced their belief in thrift by throwing constitutional safe- 
guards about contractual rights. Without these safeguards 
property rights would have no protection whether they con- 
sist of labor or of money. 

Thrift is a guarantee against dependency upon another. 
It begets in man self-pride, and the man who stands for any- 
thing worth while must have some self-pride. When self-pride 
is lacking much of the tonic of life is absent. Self-esteem 
is akin to self-respect. It spurs a man on in his efforts to 
support those for whom he is responsible. When he is with- 
out this ambition, he is indifferent to the blessings of thrift 
and is numbered among the laggards of society. 

This occasion is notable also because it emphasizes the im- 
portance of thrift by paying tribute to the genius of industry. 
This is Products Day in Indiana — a day set apart for increas- 
ing the knowledge of and the pride in our home industries. No 
better time could be found for pledging ourselves to say and 
do the things in the future that are best calculated to develop 
our material possibilites, to inspire our people with stronger 
faith in themselves; and to preserve from impurity and safe- 
guard at every turn our state's institutions. 

Can we not with propriety in contemplation of the 
grandeur of our State and the immortal principles of our 
nation, recall, as an evidence of our faith in American citizen- 
ship, the lines of Longfellow: 

Thou, too, sail on, O Ship of State! 
Sail on, O Union, strong and great! 
Humanity with all its fears. 
With all the hopes of future years, 
Is hanging breathless on thy fate! 



APPENDIX 395 

Sail on, nor fear to breast the sea! 

Our hearts, our hopes, are all with thee. 

Our hearts, our hopes, our prayers, our tears, 

Our faith triumphant o'er our fears, 

Are all with thee — are all with thee. 

Address of Governor Samuel M. Ralston at Fayette 
County Centennial, Connersville, Ind., July 6, 1916 

Ladies and Gentlemen : 

I have made a hurried trip to join you on this historic 
occasion. I appreciate this opportunity to greet you with a 
few words and to participate with you a few minutes in the* 
reception you have planned. 

I am always glad to come out among the people of our 
State. When I do so, I alwaj^s gather renewed strength and 
become more ambitious properly to discharge my official 
duties. I am a great believer in the value of public meetings. 
They afford an opportunity for the people to become better 
acquainted with one another, and in the degree the people be- 
come better acquainted, the more they will take counsel with 
one another, touching the welfare of their neighborhoods; 
and it is this sort of thing that adds to the value of our citizen- 
ship. Under our theory of government, we are essentially a 
self-governing people, but we cannot govern ourselves intelli- 
gently as a nation unless we know one another and are fa- 
miliar with public needs. 

I think it would be a most difficult task to fix a just value 
upon the services rendered the public by the old "town meet- 
ing" that was so prevalent in the formative period of our na- 
tion and which yet plays a most important part in the local 
affairs in some of our Eastern States. I wish we might in- 
augurate in this State a custom of having an annual meeting 
in our counties, touching county affairs, and one in our town- 
ships, touching township affairs, before the officials in these 
respective units of government, through the operation of law, 
would have to take steps touching the raising and expending 
of public funds. If such a custom were inaugurated and par- 
ticipated in, in the proper spirit, the good it would accomplish 
would be immeasurable. 

This is a great year in the history of Indiana. It is a very 
appropriate time for the people to make new resolves, dedicat- 
ing themselves to higher and nobler purposes than has hereto- 
fore characterized their lives. Here in this rich valley the 



396 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

people have always, I am glad to say, been most solicitous for 
the welfare of their State, and have done their part in the de- 
velopment and strengthening of their commonwealth. The 
series of meetings you have been having, in recognition of 
our state's one hundredth anniversary, speaks louder than it 
is possible for words to do of your devotion to Indiana, her 
people and her institutions. 

I believe that out of these centennial meetings we are hav- 
ing, wonderful good is going to come to our State. I believe 
many things will be achieved and many movements put on 
foot of a permanent character, that will stand as reminders of 
the hope and ambition of our people for the future of our 
State. Many things will be done in recognition of the 
virtues of those who in the earlier days of our statehood con- 
tributed so mightily in laying the foundation of our institu- 
tions. I am ambitious to see many things done in recognition 
of the pioneers of Hoosierdom; and of these there is just one 
to which I shall pause long enough on this occasion to direct 
your attention. 

We never grow tired in honoring men for their heroic 
achievements, but I think you will agree with me, that, as a 
people, we have been a little tardy in recognizing the heroic 
women of our commonwealth. I want Indiana, in this her 
centennial year, to recognize in a substantial, in a most appro- 
priate and lasting way, her pioneer mothers. Our pioneer 
fathers achieved greatly; but our pioneer mothers achieved 
mightily. They have both done their duty in this respect — 
grandly done it. The pioneer father wielded the axe. He 
felled the forest. He builded the cabin. He cleared a place 
in the heart of the wilderness, that the seed of civilization 
might be planted there. But in his labors, the pioneer mother 
was his constant companion. While he wielded the axe, she 
rocked the cradle. While he prepared, the truck patch, she 
used the spinning wheel and the loom. While he cared for 
the stock, she cared for the children. The difference in their 
services, though both essential to the development of our State 
and country, is very largely the difference between materiality 
and immortality. 

Motherhood has not been honored as it should have been 
in our civilization, and yet in every period of the world's his- 
tory the best sense of mankind has done it honor. The proud- 



APPENDIX 397 

est station to be occupied, in my judgment, in this world, is 
that of motherhood. It hopeth all things, believeth all things, 
endureth all things. It stands for the nobility of character 
as does no other influence. Its admonitions are as gentle and 
as compassionate as are the whispers of the angels. Well may 
we do it honor! 

Many centuries ago the Roman people set us a good ex- 
ample in honoring motherhood. When on one occasion a so- 
ciety woman exhibited her jewels to Cornelia, a noble mother, 
the latter referring to her sons, exclaimed, "These are my 
jewels," and through these sons she brought a new moral force 
and a nobler conception of life to the Roman people; and in 
appreciation of her motherhood and of her services to her 
country, through her motherhood, there was erected in the 
Roman Forum in her lifetime, a statue in her honor, on which 
was inscribed, "Cornelia, The Mother of the Gracchi." 

We should not do less in this centennial year of our State 
than to erect a monument to the pioneer women of Indiana 
and inscribe thereon a fitting sentiment to motherhood. 

Address of Governor Samuel M. Ralston at the Unveil- 
ing Exercises, South Entrance to State House, 
October 9, 1916 

Miss Landers and Ladies: 

It is an honor to have a word of participation in this 
event. While the marker we here unveil has not entailed a 
large outlay in labor and money, it indicates none the less a 
high degree of civic virtue on the part of the Caroline Scott 
Harrison Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolu- 
tion. Public contributions of this character go a great ways 
in aligning our citizenship back of forward-looking move- 
ments. What we do here today will encourage others to do 
something worth while, if not on a large scale, for the public 
welfare. This fountain will be a constant reminder so long as 
it shall endure of two very significant historic events — ^the 
building of the Old Trails road and the one hundredth anni- 
versary of Indiana's admission into the Union. Both of these 
events are of great importance to our State and her citizen- 
ship. The Old Trails road had played a very prominent part 
in the civilization of our country. It was born of a patriotic 
spirit when Thomas Jefferson introduced into Congress his 



398 THE INDIANA CENTENNIAL 

famous resolution of 1806 looking to its construction, and 
while it was not constructed until several years thereafter, 
the movement for its building launched so early in the nine- 
teenth century showed the v/onderful vision our early states- 
men had of the essential factors in our national development. 

The Old Trails road upon its construction at once became 
the means of establishing a closer relationship between the 
people of the eastern and central sections of our country. Fam- 
ilies in search of new homes in this section traveled over it. 
Much of the commerce, though at best in very small volumes, 
was transported on it, and it would be hard indeed to estimate 
the part it played in the development of our country. 

The Daughters of the American Revolution who are con- 
nected by blood with the founders of our nation do v/ell in 
making this gift to the Hoosier State. Their action in this 
respect is akin to other movements aroused by the spirit of 
this centennial year. Many things are being done in Indiana 
this year that will give the generations of a hundred years 
hence a pretty accurate idea of our sense of appreciation of 
our pioneer fathers and mothers and of their work, and of our 
conception of the obligations we are under to future genera- 
tions. 

As an immediate outgrowth of the spirit kindled by our 
centennial, many volumes and bulletins will be published per- 
taining to the growth of our State and the principles and 
factors entering into its making. I wish it might have been 
possible for every person — especially for every child of school 
age — to have witnessed the different pageants that have been 
staged at different points throughout the State as a part of 
our centennial celebration. A few days ago I witnessed one 
at Riverside Park. I was impressed with the knowledge 
shown by our pageant master, Mr. Langdon, of the history 
of the Hoosier State, and the splendid genius he exhibited in 
constructing it into the pageant he exhibited on the banks 
of White river in Riverside Park. As I watched the unfold- 
ing of its different units, I was profoundly impressed with 
the greatness of the people of whose experiences and life it 
in a measure reflected; and in common with others I was 
moved with emotion upon witnessing the scene recalling the 
birth — that is, the admission of Indiana into the Union. No 
man could witness that pageant in the proper spirit without 



APPENDIX 399 

being impressed with a deeper sense of duty as a citizen, and 
reminded of the debt of gratitude he should acknowledge him- 
self under to all those v/hose participation made the event 
possible. 

This year has also witnessed another movement that will 
be of great advantage to our State and her citizenship. Out 
of the centennial spirit has come the movement for a system 
of state parks throughout Indiana. I think all are agreed 
upon the importance of preserving some of the beauty spots of 
our Hoosier landscape that are suitable for meeting places to 
which the people may resort in search of rest and comfort, 
and where they may assemble for social improvement and 
the discussion of questions of public import and in the inter- 
est of the public welfare. 

Those who have backed this movement have rendered our 
State an invaluable service, and the result of their labors will 
in a very large measure influence others to discharge efficiently 
their civic obligations. It is my judgment that the celebra- 
tion of our state's centenary, December 11th — the one hun- 
dredth anniversary of her admission into the Union — will find 
our people with a finer civic conscience, a higher standard of 
public service and a much larger outlook upon her future, 
than would have been possible in the absence of such celebra- 
tions. 

Speaking for the people of Indiana, I want to thank the 
Indiana Daughters of the American Revolution for this foun- 
tain. It is a most appropriate gift to their commonwealth. 
It is a beautiful expression of the centennial spirit, and its 
historic significance suggests the inseparable connection of 
our State with the other sections of our common country. The 
fountain of pure water that will here constantly flow will 
remind the traveler on the Old Trails road of Hoosier 
hospitality and of the ceaseless interest of Indiana people in 
American citizenship. Here the rich and the poor, the mighty 
and the weak, may meet upon a level, to quench their thirst 
and renew their strength for the doing of the task their 
ambition has set before them. 

Miss Landers, I again thank you and your organization, 
in the name of Indiana, for this beautiful and serviceable gift 
to our State, and with a heart of appreciation I accept it, 
and dedicate it to the purposes for which it is designed. 



Words by Sarah T. Bolton. 

W«/A spirited diznity. 



Music by Corinnk L. Barcus. 



T^-=t 



J-0 « -^-0z^- 



=^:: 



*-8-S 1— ^' 



The wind of Heav - en nev - er fanned, The circ-ling sun - light 
i-f^ — I 1 n*» -I x=^ =1 1 ^*1 — 1 



Li« 






-a — -^ — 1-= — 'y-l — 1 ^ i 

-J:zzzz—w:rz9z-iTj^zi:^r.zz.t 



nev-er spanned The bor-ders of a fair-er land, Than our own In-di- 









--4— 



-D- ^- •■• -S- -•• ■«- -•- J ••■ ■•• "•■ ■*" "•" 




I-S* 1 1— & — l~fy 



i 

i 
i 



CoPytight tgis by C. L. Barcus. 



Indiana Slogan 



(400) 



INDEX 

Prepared by Mrs. Edward Franklin White 



ACT OF SEPARATION, page 

dividing territories of Indiana and Illinois in 1809 17 

ADAMS COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 75 

ADDRESSES, 

Barrett, Edward, at Coatesville 170 

Baylor, Adelaide Steele, at Monticello 275 

at Rensselaer 180 

at Rockville 229 

Beer, Margaret Cameron, at Valparaiso 235 

Bell, Mayor Joseph E., Home Coming Day, Indianapolis 284 

Bettinger, Albert, at Tell City 231 

Bookwalter, Charles A., Home Coming Day at Indianapolis.. 284 

Brady, A. W., at Anderson 197 

Brinkerhoif, J. D., at Garrett 105 

Brown, Rev. L. E., at Connersville 118 

at Medora 177 

Cartwright, Edgar, at Anderson 197 

Cavanaugh, Rev. John, at Brookville 127 

at Corydon 138, 147 

at Laporte 193 

Cox, W. E., at Huntingburg 110 

Dailey, Frank C, at Corydon 138 

Durham, J. Shreve, at Plymouth 203 

Dye, Charity, at Brookville 127 

at Brazil 97 

at Columbia City .' 279 

at Columbus 82 

at Crawfordsville 221 

at Kokomo 173 

at Lebanon 86 

at South Bend 248 

at Troy township. Fountain county 124 

before district conventions of Federation of Clubs ... 27, 35 

Elliott, Lucy M., Clio Club, Indianapolis 200 

at Valparaiso 235 

Ellis, Dr. Horace, Marion township, Boone county 89 

Esarey, Logan, at Monticello 275, 276 

Fairbanks, Charles W., at Corydon 138 

Forkner, J. L., at Anderson 197 

Fortune. Judge James W., at Scottsburg 241 

Foster, S. M., at Columbia City 279 

Foulke, William Dudley, Admission Day exercises, Indianapolis 352 

Gillard, Rev. E. L., at Wabash 265 

Hall, A. M., Jefferson township, Boone county 88 

at Liberty 259 

Hough, Will A., at Carthage 240 

House, J. M., at Vincennes 186 

Jaynes, Rev. Frank E., at Wabash 265 

Jewett, Col. Charles J., at Scottsburg 241 

% r4oi) 



402 INDEX 

ADDRESSES— Continued page 

Kelley, Robert L., at Anderson 197 

at Salem 269 

Kiper, Judge Roscoe, at Boonville 268 

Kuhlman, Colonel Aubrey L., Admission Day exercises, In- 
dianapolis 349 

La Tourette, Captain Schuyler, at Troy township, Fountain 

county 124 

Lieber, Richard, Home Coming Day, at Indianapolis 284 

Lindley, Professor Harlow, Ohio Valley Historical Association 324 

at Wabash 265 

Lowe, Judge J. M., Centennial Highway Day, at Indianapolis 310 

McMillan, Wheeler, at Troy township, Fountain county 124 

made by all members of Indiana Historical Commission and 

others in campaign of education 27 

Miller, Dick, at Bluffton 274 

at Brazil 97 

Milroy, Charles, Delphi 94 

Moores, Merrill, at Corydon 138, 154 

O'Bannon, Lew M., at Crawfordsville 221 

at New Albany 121 

O'Donnell, Patrick H., at Delphi 93 

at Valparaiso 235 

Osborn, Chase, at Kentland 224 

Palmer, H^-riott C, at Franklin 183 

Paxson, Professor Frederic L., Ohio Valley Historical Asso- 
ciation 330 

Pearson, Rev. Morton C, at Crawfordsville 220 

Ralston, Governor Samuel M., Admission Day exercises, Indi- 
anapolis 347 

at Aurora 101 

at Brookville 127 

at Connersville 395 

at Indianapolis Board of Trade dinner 390 

at Indianapolis Home Coming Day 284 

at Lebanon 90 

at Panama-Pacific Exposition 375 

at Shelbyville 242 

Rettger, Prof. Louis J., at Batesville 239 

Ridley, Judge William, at Corydon 138 

Rigdon, Dr. Jonathan, at Warsaw 190 

Schell, Dr., at Wabash 265 

Stansfield, Rev. Joshua, at Swayzee 131 

Strauss, Juliet V., at Monticello 275 

Stump, W. D., at Garrett 105 

Taft, William H., County Day at Indianapolis 290 

Trueblood, Willard O., at Salem 269 

Van Nuys, H. E., Washington township, Boone county 89 

Watson, Hon. James E., at Connersville 118 

at Crawfordsville 221 

at Yeddo, Fountain county 124 

Waugh, Judge Dan, at Tipton 258 

Wharton, Rev. Chester W., Delphi 94 

Whicker, J. Wesley, at Troy township. Fountain county 124 

White, Former Congressman Michael, at Waynetown 220 

Wiley, U. Z., at New Albany 121 

Wilson, George R., at Huntingburg 110 

Wilson, President Woodrow, Centennial Highway Day, Indian- 
apolis 301 

Winship, Dr. A. E., at Franklin 183 



INDEX 403 

ADDRESSES— Continued page 
Woodburn, Professor James A., Admission Day exercises, In- 
dianapolis 357 

at Franklin 183 

at Lebanon 90 

Woodward, Walter C, at Lebanon 86 

Board of Trade, Indianapolis 201 

Worthington, B. A., Board of Trade, Indianapolis 201 

Wynn, Dr. Frank B., at Lebanon 90 

at South Bend 248 

Zoercher, Philip, at Greensburg 102 

at Tell City 231 

ADE, GEORGE, 

See Authors. 
compiled greetings and home coming invitations for centen- 
nial 28, 283 

"Girls of Indiana" given at Salem celebration 270 

given on Centennial Educational Day at Indianapolis.. 314 

ADMISSION DAY, 

See Various Counties. 

address of Governor Ralston 347 

celebration at Indianapolis, December 11, 1916 18, 344 

centennial address by Dr. James A. Woodburn 357 

communication from Historical Commission concerning its ob- 
servance 343 

ADMISSION TO UNION, 

centenary celebrated at Indianapolis December 11, 1916 344 

enabling act passed 17 

featured in Elkhart county pageant 115 

in Franklin county pageant 126 

in Irvington pageant 201 

in Monticello pageant 278 

in Vincennes pageant 189 

AGRICULTURE, 

achievements in Indiana 384 

ALLEN COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 76 

ART, 

See John Herron Art Institute. 
exhibits in Fine Arts building feature of Centennial Educa- 
tional Day at Indianapolis 311 

Torch of Art and Literature featured in Pageant of Indiana 
at Indianapolis 318, 321 

ATHLETICS, 

Olympic Games on sixth day of Centennial Jubilee at Indian- 
apolis 291 

AUTHORS, 

night of celebration for Indiana authors on ninth day of Cen- 
tennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 298 

AUTOMOBILES, 

See Highways; Parades. 
presentation, by Elwood Haynes, of a new Haynes car for the 
oldest one found in Indiana 310 



404 INDEX 

BADOLLET, JOHN, PAGE 

member of Constitutional Convention, 1816 1" 

BANQUET, 

feature of celebration of Centennial Educational Day at In- 
dianapolis 314 

BARTHOLOMEW COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 82 

BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS, 

progress in Indiana 385 

BENTON COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 84 

BERTHA BALLARD HOME, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 296 

BLACKFORD COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 85 

BLOOMFIELD, 

observance of centennial 131 

BLOOMINGTON, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

pageant considered as laboratory pageant for instruction of 

state 211 

presented pageant 39 

BOARD OF STATE CHARITIES, 

See State Charities. 
commended in address by Governor Ralston at Corydon 142 

BOAT LOAD OF KNOWLEDGE, 

featured in Mt. Vernon pageant 237 

BOONE COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

erected tablets on sites of first schoolhouse and church 43 

observance of centennial 86 

BOONVILLE, 

presented pageant 267 

BOOTS, MARTIN, 

memorials honoring memory in Grant county 131 

BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 294, 296 

represented in Public Health parade at Indianapolis 299 

BOYS' SCHOOL AT PLAINFIELD, 

classification of pageant ■ 41 

presented pageant 170 

BROOKVILLE, 

presented pageant 126 

BROWN COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 91 



INDEX 405 

BROWNSTOWN, PAGE 

presented pageant 178 

BUFFALO TRACE, 

See Trails. 

BURNS, LEE, 

short history of beginnings of state 15-18 

BUTLER COLLEGE, 

represented in Centennial Educational Day at Indianapolis.. 313 

CAMP MORTON, 

memorial erected on site in Indianapolis 43 

by School No. 45 200 

CANALS, 

featured in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318, 321 

CANBY, 

pioneer school in Crawfordsville celebrated in playlet 219 

CANNELTON, 

presented pageant 233 

CAPITALS, 

Corydon chosen new territorial capital, 1813 17 

featured in Evansville pageant 260 

fixing Indianapolis as capital featured in Pageant of Indiana 

at Indianapolis 321 

Vincennes established as territorial capital, 1800 16 

Vincennes featured in pageant at Vincennes 189 

CAPITOLS, 

purchase of old State House at Corydon 48 

CARROLL COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

court house as centennial memorial 43 

» observance of centennial 91 

CASS COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

observance of centennial 94 

scenic property lost through lack of public spirit 48 

CATHOLIC CHURCHES, 

See Missionaries. 
represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 295 

CAVANAUGH, REV. JOHN, 

See Addresses. 
appointed member of Indiana Historical Commission by Gov- 
ernor Ralston 23 

delivered address at Corydon celebration 138, 147-154 

CELEBRATIONS, 

See Centennial Celebrations; County Celebrations; State 
Celebrations. 

CENSUS, 

of territory in 1800 16 

of territory in 1815 17 



406 INDEX 

CENTENNIAL, PAGE 

appointment of chairmen and committees 27 

campaign of education in preparation 26-35 

climax to Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 321 

featured in Bloomington pageant 216 

in Spencer county pageant 246 

in Valparaiso pageant 236 

memorials erected 42-44 

of Indiana's admission to the Union, work of Historical Com- 
mission 24 

State Parks as memorials 45-55 

two weeks' Jubilee celebration at Indianapolis, October 2-15, 
1916 280 

CENTENNIAL ADDRESS, 

by Dr. James A. Woodburn at Admission Day exercises at 
Indianapolis 357 

CENTENNIAL CAVALCADE, 

County Day celebration fifth day of Jubilee at Indianapolis. . 288 

participation by Harrison county 168 

Hendricks county 169 

Huntington county 174, 176, 177 

JeflFerson county 181 

Montgomery county 221 

Ripley county 240 

representative from Adams county 76 

Allen county 81 

Bartholomew county 84 

Carroll county 94 

Clark county 97 

Clinton county 99 

Daviess county 101 

Dubois county 113 

Floyd county 124 

Franklin county 127 

Greene county 131 

Howard county 173 

Jackson county 179 

Jay county 181 

Johnson county 185 

Lagrange county . 192 

Lake county 193 

Madison county 199 

Miami county 208 

Orange county 225 

Parke county 230 

Shelby county 243 

Spencer county 247 

Tipton county 258 

Union county 260 

Vigo county 264 

Wabash county 265 

Wayne county 273 

Wells county 274 

White county 279 

CENTENNIAL CELEBRATIONS, 

counties 71-279 

outline of county celebrations by Director of Historical Com- 
mission 71-76 

State, Indiana Centennial Jubilee 280 



INDEX 407 

CENTENNIAL EDUCATIONAL DAY, PAGE 
celebrated on twelfth day of Centennial Jubilee at Indian- 
apolis 310 

CENTENNIAL HIGHWAY DAY, 

address by President Wilson on south side of monument 301 

celebrated on eleventh day of Centennial Jubilee at Indian- 
apolis 300 

CENTENNIAL MEDAL, 

designing and execution by Miss Janet Scudder 56, 57 

distribution of different issues 57 

CENTENNIAL ODE, 

by William Dudley Foulke read at Admission Day exercises 
at Indianapolis 352 

CHAPPELL, MRS. HELEN WARRUM, 

sang at Admission Day exercises at Indianapolis, December 
11, 1916 346, 371 

CHILD WELFARE EXHIBIT, 

at Plymouth, Marshall county 203 

CHURCH FEDERATION, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 294 

CHURCHES, 

See Missionaries. 
announcement of first Sunday School featured in processional 

pageant at Indianapolis 296 

celebration of centennial by sermons on seventh day of Jubilee 

at Indianapolis 281, 297 

early churches featured in Rockville pageant 229 

featured in pageant at Franklin 184 

first United Brethren church of 1808 represented in proces- 
sional pageant at Indianapolis 294 

memorial marking first church in Boone county 88 

observance of centennial in Allen county 81 

in Boone county „ 88 

in Dubois county 110 

in Fayette county 118 

in Franklin county 127 

in Grant county 131 

in Kosciusko county 190 

in Marshall county 203 

in Miami county 207 

in Montgomery county 220 

in St. Joseph county 248 

m Shoals in Martin county 204 

in Wabash county 265 

processional pageant on ninth day of Centennial Jubilee at 
Indianapolis 293 

CIRCUIT RIDER, 

featured in Bartholomew county pageant 83 

in Fayette county pageant 119 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in Petersburg pageant 234 



408 



INDEX 



CIVIL WAR, PAGE 

featured in Bartholomew county pageant. 84 

in Boonville pageant 267 

in Cannelton pageant 233 

in Cass county pageant 96 

in Crawfordsville pageant 223 

in Decatur county pageant 103 

in Dubois county pageant 112 

in Earlham pageant, Richmond 273 

in Elkhart county pageant 115 

in Evansville pageant 260 

in Fayette county pageant 119 

in Franklin county pageant . 126 

in Franklin pageant, Johnson county 185 

in Marion pageant 130 

in Michigan City pageant 194 

in Monticello pageant 278 

in Owensville pageant 129 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318, 321 

in parade in Delaware county. 106 

in Posey county pageant 237 

in Rockville pageant 229 

in Salem pageant 270 

in Shelbyville pageant 243 

in Spencer county pageant 246 

in Spencer pageant, Owen county 226 

in Troy pageant 232 

in Valparaiso pageant 236 

in Waveland pageant 220 

CLARK COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 96 

CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS, 

expedition against Kaskaskia and Vincennes 15 

featured in Dubois county pageant 112 

in Floyd county pageant 122 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318 



CLAY COUNTY, 

observance of centennial. 



97 



CLERMONT, GIRLS' SCHOOL, 

presented pageant 196 

CLINTON, 

Vermillion county celebration 262 

CLINTON COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

observance of centennial 98 

COATESVILLE, 

observance of centennial 170 



COLFAX, SCHUYLER, 

featured in South Bend pageant 252 

memorial honoring memory erected in South Bend 42, 249 



INDEX 409 

COLLEGES, PAGE 

pageant presented at Earlham 273 

at Franklin 185 

at Purdue 255 

at State University 212 

at Wabash 223 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 296 

COLUMBUS, 

presented pageant 82 

CONNERSVILLE, 

centennial memorial hospital and drinking fountain 43 

presented pageant 118 

CONSTITUTION, 

need of changes suggested in address by Dr. James A. Wood- 
burn, Admission Day 370 

CONSTITUTION OF 1816, 

adapted from constitutions of other states 18 

followed principles of Ordinance of 1787 380 

CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION OF 1816, 

featured in Corydon pageant , . . , 166 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in session at Corydon 17 

members and procedure 17, 18 

session described in address by Merrill Moores at Corydon 

celebration 159 

CONSTITUTIONAL ELM, 

See Trees. 

featured in Corydon celebration 138 

sessions of Constitutional Convention of 1816 held under it. . 18 

CORYDON, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

Constitutional Convention in session 1816 17 

featured in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318 

first General Assembly, 1816 18 

history as state capital commemorated in pageant 165 

organization effected to promote centennial 137 

presented pageant 165 

territorial capital in 1813 17 

CORYDON STATE HOUSE, 

featured in Corydon pageant 166 

replica in Centennial Cavalcade and exhibited in State Capitol 168 

COUNTY CELEBRATIONS, 

Adams county 75 

Allen county 76 

Bartholomew county 82 

Benton county 84 

Blackford county 85 

Boone county 86 

Carroll county 91 

Cass county 94 

classified as to extent of interest 40, 41, 73, 74 

Daviess county 100 

Decatur county 101 

Dekalb county 104 

25—15997 . 



410 INDEX 

COUNTY CELEBRATIONS— Continued page 

Delaware county 105 

Dubois county 107 

Elkhart county 113 

Fayette county 117 

Floyd county 121 

Fountain county 124 

Franklin county 124 

Grant county 129 

Harrison county 134 

Henry county 171 

Huntington county 174 

Jackson county 177 

Jasper county 180 

Johnson county 183 

Kosciusko county 190 

Lagrange county 191 

Lake county 192 

Madison county 196, 197 

Marshall county 203 

Miami county 204 

Montgomery county 217 

Owen county 225 

Parke county 226 

Perry county 230 

Pike county 233 

Porter county 234 

Posey county 236 

Ripley county 239 

Rush county 240 

St. Joseph county. 248 

Scott county 241 

Shelby county 241 

Spencer county 243 

Union county 258 

Vanderburgh county 260 

Vermillion county 261 

Warrick county 266 

V/ashington county 268 

White county 274 

COUNTY DAY, 

See Centennial Cavalcade. 

fifth day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 288 

CRAWFORD COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 99 

CRAWFORDSVILLE, 

presented pageant 221 

CULVER BLACK HORSE TROOP, 

featured in pageant at Plymouth 204 

DAILEY, FRANK C, 

delivered address at Corydon celebration 138 

DAUGHTERS OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION, 
See Women's Clubs. 

unveiling of fountain on State House grounds 397 

DAVIESS COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 100 



INDEX 411 

DEARBORN COUNTY, page 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 101 

DECATUR COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

float containing reproduction of court house tower in centen- 
nial parade 104 

observance of centennial 101 

DEKALB COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 104 

DELAWARE COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 105 

DELPHI, 

erected memorial for Milroy family 42, 94 

DE PAUW, JOHN, 

member Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

DISCOVERY DAY, 

celebrated in conjunction with centennial in Vermillion county 262 

DISEASE PREVENTION DAY, 

observation in Indiana 387 

DOMESDAY, A HOOSIER, 

subject of address by Prof. Paxson before Ohio Valley His- 
torical Association 332 

DOOLEY, MRS. RUFUS, 

paraphrase of poem "Work" contributed to centennial prepa- 
rations 227 

DOW, LORENZO, 

featured in Bloomington pageant 214 

DUBOIS, CAPTAIN, 

featured in Dubois county pageant 112 

DUBOIS COUNTY, 

classification of pageants 40, 73 

erected marker on Freeman boundary survey line 43 

observance of centennial 107 

DUNES, 

featured in pageant at Michigan City 194 

DYE, MISS CHARITY, 

See Addresses; Pageant Authors. 
appointed member of Indiana Historical Commission by Gov- 
ernor Ralston 23 

EARLHAM COLLEGE, 

See Schools. 

classification of pageant 40 

presentation of pageant, Richmond 271 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 296 

26—1599" 



412 INDEX 

EARLY LIFE IN INDIANA, PAGE 

See Pioneers; Relics. 

described in address by Professor Harlow Lindley before Ohio 
Valley Historical Association 327 

early history recited in address by Merrill Moores at Corydon 
celebration 155, 156 

feature of centennial observance in Anderson 197, 198 

in Boone county 89, 90 

in Carroll county 93 

in Cass county 96 

in Dekalb county 104, 105 

in Liberty, Union county 259 

feature of exhibit at Fort Wayne 81 

feature of Home Coming Day at Pendleton 196 

feature of pageant in Bartholomew county 83 

in Decatur county 103 

in Dubois covmty 112 

in Elkhart county 115 

in Fayette county 119 

in Floyd county 122 

in Franklin 184 

in Franklin county 126 

in Monticello 277 

in Petersburg 234 

in Plymouth 204 

in Shelbyville 243 

in South Bend 252 

in Troy 232 

in Waveland 220 

feature of parade in Delaware county 106 

in Hartford City 85 

subject of address in Clark county celebration 97 

EAST CHICAGO, 

presented pageant, in schools 192 

EDUCATION, 

campaign for centennial observance 26-35 

Centennial Educational Day celebrated on twelfth day of Cen- 
tennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 310 

Constitution of 1816 first to provide for system 18, 160 

featured in Bloomington pageant 211, 214 

in Purdue pageant 256 

in Spencer county pageant 246 

historical material adopted in school curriculum 34 

progress in educational legislation reviewed by Governor Ral- 
ston at Panama-Pacific Exposition .• • • • ^^^ 

subject of elaborate pantomime on Centennial Educational 
Day at Indianapolis o 312 

ELKHART, 

presented pageant 114 

ELKHART COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

observance of centennial 113 

ELLIOTT, LUCY M., 

See Addresses. 

assisted in campaign of education 27 

chosen assistant director Historical Commission 24 



INDEX 413 

ENABLING ACT, page 

providing for admission of Indiana to Union 17 

ENGLISH POSSESSIONS, 

Indiana acquii-ed from French 15 

posts yielded to George Rogers Clark 15 

EVANSVILLE, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

presented pageant 262 

EXHIBITS, 

See Relics. 

feature of Centennial EdvTcational Day at Indianapolis 311 

of relics, costumes, furniture, china, dolls, etc., at John Herron 
Art Institute during October, 1916 315 

EXPLORERS, 

featured in Rockport pageant 246 

in Valparaiso pageant 236 

FAIRBANKS, CHARLES W., 

delivered address at Corydon celebration 138 

FARMERS' INSTITUTES, 

assistance in centennial observance in Boone county 93 

FARMERS' LOAN AND CREDIT BANK, 

subject of address by President Wilson at Tomlinson Hall, on 
Centennial Highway Day 310 

FAYETTE COUNTY, 

address of Governor Ralston at centennial 395 

classification of pageant. 41, 73 

erected memorial hospital and public drinking fountain 43 

observance of centennial 117 

FLAG, 

drill and singing by massed school children on Centennial 

Educational Day at Indianapolis 313 

featured in Monticello pageant 278 

loaned by Knights of Columbus carried in Centennial Caval- 
cade 289 

FLAG OF INDIANA, 

designing of pageant flag by William Chauncy Langdon 322 

FLOYD COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 121 

FORT SACKVILLE, 

featured in pageant at Boys' School 170 

at Vincennes 189 

at Indianapolis 318 

FORT WAYNE, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

Moose Lodge home as centennial memorial 43 

presented pageant 76 

FOSTER, SAMUEL M., 

See Addresses. 
appointed member of Indiana Historical Commission by Gov- 
ernor Ralston 23 



414 INDEX 

FOULKE, WILLIAM DUDLEY, page 
Centennial Ode read at Admission Day exercises, at Indian- 
apolis 352 

FOUNTAIN CITY, WAYNE COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 271 

FOUNTAIN COUNTY, 

observance of centennial. 124 

FRANCES SLOCUM DAY, 

See Slocum, Frances. 
feature of celebration in Miami county 207 

FRANKFORT, 

presented pageant 98 

FRANKLIN, 

presented pageant 184 

FRANKLIN COLLEGE, 

featured in pageant at Franklin 184 

representation in religious and educational parades of state 
celebration 185 

FRANKLIN COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 124 

roll of honor of famous men and women 125 

FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS, 

review first day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 282 

FRENCH POSSESSIONS, 

Indiana yielded to English 15 

FRENCH SETTLERS, 

featured in Dubois county pageant Ill 

in South Bend pageant 250 

FRIENDS, 

See Quakers. 

FRIENDS CHURCH, 

assistance in observance of centennial in Wayne county 271 

celebration of centennial Sunday in Indiana, October 8th .... 297 

observance of centennial in Wabash county 265 

pi'esentation of Earlham pageant 271 

FULTON COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 127 

FURSTE, MISS MARY, 

leader of counties in Centennial Cavalcade as "Miss Indiana" 

176, 289 
GENERAL ASSEMBLY, 

first met at Corydon 1816 18 

GIBSON COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 127 

GIRLS' SCHOOL AT CLERMONT, 

pageant given for National Conference of Charities and Cor- 
rection 199 

GOOD ROADS, 

See Highways; Roads. 



INDEX 415 

GOVERNORS, page 

See Ralston, Governor Samuel M. 

Alvin P. Hovey, featured in Posey county pageant 236 

Jonathan Jennings and Samuel M. Ralston linked at Indiana 

Products Day dinner at Indianapolis 390 

Jonathan Jennings elected first Governor, 1816 18 

messages to be arranged in one volume tty Historical Com- 
mission 60 

times of Governors Jennings and Ralston contrasted in ad- 
dress by Prof. James A. Woodburn 357 

William Henry Harrison, of territory 16 

GRANT COUNTY, 

classification of pageants 40, 73 

observance of centennial 129 

GREENE COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 131 

GREENSBURG, 

prepared pageant, spoiled by rain 103 

HAMILTON COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 132 

HANCOCK COUNTY, 

erected memorial at public library in Greenfield 43 

obsei'vance of centennial 132 

HANNA, ROBERT, 

member of Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

HARRISON, BENJAMIN, 

featured in pageant at Boys' School 170 

HARRISON, CHRISTOPHER, 

first Lieutenant-Governor, 1816 18 

HARRISON COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 134 

HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, 

featured in pageant at Dubois county 112 

at Boys' School 170 

at Indianapolis 318 

first territorial governor 16 

plan for creating Indiana Territory 16 

HAY, JOHN, 

memorial erected at Salem 42 

HEALTH, 

See Public Health. 

HENDRICKS COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 169 

HENDRICKS, THOMAS A., 

featured in Shelby ville pageant 243 

HENDRICKS, WILLIAM, 

first state representative to Congress, 1816 18 

secretary Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 



416 INDEX 

HENRY COUNTY, page 

classification of pageants 40, 73 

observance of centennial 171 

HIGHWAYS, 

See Old Trails Road; Roads; Trails. 
Centennial Highway Day celebrated on eleventh day of Cen- 
tennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 300 

markers erected on Michigan Road at Indianapolis 200 

locating historic highways and trails 43, 200 

HISTORICAL SOCIETIES, 

See Indiana Historical Society; Ohio Valley Historical 
Association. 

meeting at Crown Point centennial celebration 192 

organized in Decatur county 102 

Jackson county 178 

Johnson county 183 

Owen county 225 

Spencer county 247 

Whitley county 279 

plans for permanent home in Elkhart county 116 

Porter county erected markers for old Sac trail and first 

schoolhouse 235 

promoted centennial observance in Laporte county 193 

in Washington county 268 

in White county 274 

HISTORY, 

beginnings of state 15-18 

of Indiana, work of Indiana Historical Commission 23 

study in schools and clubs in preparation for Centennial . . . 

33, 35, 75 

HOLMAN, JESSE, 

member Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

HOME COMING DAY, 

second day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 283 

HOME COMING INVITATIONS, 

compiled by George Ade for Centennial 28 

HOOSIER DOMESDAY, A, 

subject of address by Prof. Paxson before Ohio Valley His- 
torical Association 330 

HOOSIER SCHOOLMASTER, THE, 

dramatized and pi-esented by schools in Benton county 85 

in Clinton county 99 

in Shelbyville 242 

feature of school observance in Benton county 85 

featured in pageant at Boys' School 170 

HOVEY, ALVIN P., 

featured in Posey county pageant 237 

HOWARD COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 172 

HUNTINGBURG, 

presented pageant 110 



INDEX 417 

HUNTINGTON COUNTY, page 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 174 

HYMN TO INDIANA, 

See Music. 

words 216 

words and music 372 

INDIANA, 

admission to the Union 15 

beginnings of the state 15-18 

beginnings described by Prof. Paxson in address, "A Hoosier 

Domesday" 3.32 

in address by Professor Harlow Lindley before Ohio 

Valley Historical Association 328 

celebration of centennial announced by Governor Ralston in 

address at Panama-Pacific Exposition 388 

centenary of admission to the Union celebrated at Indian- 
apolis, December 11, 1916 15, 344 

Centennial Ode by William Dudley Foulke read at Admission 

Day exercises 352 

change from sectionalism to unified community described by 

Prof. Paxson 336 

Enabling Act providing for admission to statehood 17 

foundations and history subject of address by Dr. James A. 

Woodburn, Admission Day 357 

history and progress reviewed in address by Governor Ralston 

at Panama-Pacific Exposition 375 

moving picture film prepared, showing development 31 

noted men mentioned by Governor Ralston in address at 

Panama-Pacific Exposition 383 

petitions for statehood 17 

popular government first established in Indiana 16 

review of changes and progress given in pageant for one 

week during Centennial Jubilee 317 

territorial government established . 16 

INDIANA AUTHORS' NIGHT, 

series of dramatizations presented on ninth day of Centennial 
Jubilee at Indianapolis • 298 

INDIANA CENTENNIAL JUBILEE, 

two weeks' celebration at Indianapolis, October 2-15, 1916. . . 280 

INDIANA HISTORICAL COMMISSION, 

See Addresses. 

appropriations for expenditures 24, 25 

communication concerning observance of Admission Day. . . . 343 
invited Ohio Valley Historical Association to meet in Indian- 
apolis during centennial 323 

members, 1915 23, 24 

met in business session at Corydon, Octobei% 1915 134 

at South Bend, March 31 and April 1, 1916 248 

at Vincennes, January, 1916 186 

organization and scope 23-25 

publications 58-61, 64 

report of activities in 1915-1916 23-65 

summary of activities in 1915-16 62-65 

work commended in address by Governor Ralston, Home Com- 
ing Day at Indianapolis 285 



418 INDEX 

INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY, page 

named Chas. W. Moores member of Historical Commission. . . 23 

INDIANA HYMN, 

See Hymn to Indiana. 

INDIANA PRODUCTS DAY, 

address by Governor Ralston at Board of Trade, Indianapolis 390 

celebrated by Board of Trade at Indianapolis 201 

February 22, 1916, set apart for Centennial observance 28 

observance in Carroll county 93 

in Decatur county 102 

in Dubois county 109 

in Fayette county 117 

in Jay county at Portland 180 

in Monticello 275 

in Parke county 228 

in Porter county 235 

in Randolph county 238 

in Shelbyville 242 

in Tipton 258 

in Tipton by Library League of Counties 257 

INDIANA SLOGAN, 

words and music 400 

INDIANA TERRITORY, 

divided from Illinois in 1809 17 

established in 1800 16 

INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 

See Colleges. 
Director of Indiana Historical Survey, Prof. James A. Wood- 
burn, made member of Historical Commission 23 

presented pageant 212 

presented summer course in pageantry, 1915 36 

INDIANAPOLIS, 

Board of Trade celebrates Indiana Products Day 201, 390 

marker for Michigan ' Road erected 200 

for Old Trails road erected on State House grounds . . 

200, 397 

memorial commemorating Camp Morton erected 43, 200 

observance of Admission Day 344 

Ohio Valley Historical Association holds tenth annual meeting 323 

presented pageant of Indiana 317 

State Celebration — Centennial Jubilee. 280 

INDIANS, 

featured in Allen county pageant 76-80 

in Boonville pageant 267 

in Cass county pageant 95 

in Crawf ordsville pageant 222 

in Decatur county pageant 103 

in Delaware county pa.rade 106 

in Dubois county pageant Ill, 112 

in Elkhart county pageant 115 

in Fayette county pageant 119 

in Floyd county pageant 122 

in Fort Wayne pageant 77 

in Franklin county pageant 126 

in Franklin pageant 184 

in Irvington pageant 201 



INDEX 419 

INDIANS— Continued page 

in Marion pageant 130 

in Monticello pageant " 276 

in Mt. Vernon pageant 237 

in Oakland City pageant 129 

in Owensville pageant 128 

in Peru pageant 205 

in Plymouth pageant 203 

in Rockport pageant 246 

in Rockville pageant 229 

in Salem pageant 269 

in Shelbyville pageant 243 

in South Bend pageant 250 

in Spencer pageant 226 

in Troy pageant 232 

in Valparaiso pageant 236 

in Vincennes pageant 189 

in Waveland pageant 220 

IRVINGTON, 

classification of pageant , 41, 73 

pageant given by community 201 

JACKSON COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

erected marker at intersection of Ten o'Clock and Grouseland 

Indian Treaty lines 43 

observance of centennial 177 

JASPER COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 179 

JAY COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

hospital and court house as centennial memorials 43 

obsei'vance of centennial 180 

JEFFERSON COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 181 

JENNINGS COUNTY— 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 182 

JENNINGS, JONATHAN, 

featured in pageant at Boys' School 170 

his times compared with present in address by Dr. James A. 

Woodburn, Admission Day 367 

President of Constitutional Convention and Governor 17, 18 

tribute paid to him in address by Governor Ralston at Corydon 139 

at Indianapolis Board of Trade dinner 390 

JEWISH CONGREGATION, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 296 

JOHN HERRON ART INSTITUTE, 

exhibit of fine and domestic arts during October, 1916. .280, 315 

JOHNNY APPLESEED, 

featured in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318, 321 

memorial erected at Fort Wayne 42 



420 INDEX 

JOHNSON COUNTY, PAGE 

classification of pageants 40, 73 

observance of centennial. , 182 

JOHNSON, JOHN, 

member of Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

JUBILEE, 

two weeks' centennial celebration in Indianapolis, October 
2-15, 1916 280 

KASKASKIA, 

post attacked by George Rogers Clark 15 

KETTLEBOROUGH, CHARLES B., 

prepared two volume book "Constitution Making in Indiana" 
for Historical Commission 58 

KNIGHTS OF PYTHIAS, 

in charge of fraternal parade in Centennial Jubilee at Indian- 
apolis 283 

KNOX COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 185 

organized in 1790 16 

KOSCIUSKO COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 190 

KUHLMAN, COLONEL AUBREY L., 

presented service medals for Third Infantry at Admission 

day exercises 348 

response to presentation of medals by Governor Ralston 349 

LABOR, 

parade on eighth day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis.. 292 

LADOGA, 

observance of centennial 219 

LAFAYETTE, GENERAL, 

visit to Perry county, featured in Cannelton pageant 233 

LAGRANGE, 

presented processional pageant 191 

LAGRANGE COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 191 

LAKE COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 192 

LANGDON, WILLIAM CHAUNCY, 

author of Corydon pageant 165 

chosen state pageant master 39, 208 

course in pageantry at Indiana University 36, 208 

LANTERN SLIDES, 

depicting liistorical development of Indiana 31 

shown in Rensselaer 180 

LAPORTE, 

presented pageant 194 



INDEX 421 

LAPORTE COUNTY, . PAGE 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 193 

LA SALLE 

explorations of Indiana 15 

featured in Indiana pageant at Indianapolis 318 

LAWRENCE COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 195 

LEBANON, 

erected tablet marking its first school 87 

presented pageant 80, 89 

LOGANSPORT, 

presented pageant 95 

LIBRARIES, 

assistance in observance of centennial in Boone county 87 

in Tipton county 257 

LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, 

coming to Indiana described by Merrill Moores in address at 

Corydcn celebration 161 

family life featured in Spencer county pageant 246 

featured in Boonville pageant 267 

landing at Troy, Perry county, featured in Cannelton pageant 233 

marker erected at home in Spencer county 42, 247 

removal to Illinois featured in Dubois county pageant 112 

represented in Centennial Cavalcade 289 

LINDLEY, PROFESSOR HARLOW, 

See Addresses. 
address as President of Ohio Valley Historical Association.. 324 
edited "the Indiana Centennial" for Historical Commission. . . 60 

made member of Indiana Historical Commission 23 

prepared book "Indiana as Seen by Early Travelers" for 
Historical Commission 60 

LITERATURE, 

Torch of Art and Literature featured in Pageant of Indiana 
at Indianapolis 318, 321 

LOCAL COUNCIL OF WOMEN, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 294 

LONGVIEW, 

observance of centennial 219 

LOUD SCHOOL, 

featured in Crawf ordsville pageant 223 

in Rockville pageant 229 

in Shelbyville pageant 243 

McCORMICK'S CREEK CANON, 

purchase as Centennial Memorial 43, 53 

MADISON, 

presented pageant 181 

MADISON COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 195 



422 INDEX 

MAJOR, CHARLES, PAGE 

dramatization of his book presented as memorial, in Shelby- 

ville 242 

featured in Shelby ville pageant 243 

MANUFACTURING, 

achievements in Indiana 384 

MARION, 

presented pageant 130 

MARION COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 199 

placed marker for National and Michigan Roads 42 

MARQUETTE, FATHER, 

featured in South Bend pageant . . , 250 

MARSHALL COUNTY, 

classification of pageants 41, 73 

observance of centennial 202 

MARTIN COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 204 

MASQUES, 

See Pageants, 

MAXWELL, DR. DAVID H., 

member Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

MEDAL, 

See Centennial Medal. 

MEDALS, 

service medals presented Col. Kuhlman for Third Infantry at 
Admission Day exercises 348 

MEDARYVILLE, POSEY COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 238 

MELTING POT, 

feature of parade in Vermillion county 262 

MEMORIALS, 

auditorium at Tipton city park 43, 257 

beginning of movement for monument to Pioneer Mother. ... 43 

Carnegie Library in Parke county 43 

collection of pioneer relics encoui^aged 44 

conservation of natural resources through state boards 48 

court house in Jay and Carroll counties 43 

dedication of Lafayette Spring at Cannelton 232 

erected at public library in Greenfield 43 

erected in Boone county marking first school and church. .87, 88 

in Hancock county 133 

in Indianapolis commemorating Camp Morton 43, 200 

in Jackson county commemorating Fort Vallonia 178 

in South Bend, honoring Schuyler Colfax 249 

on site of first schoolhouse and church in Boone county 43 

on site of first schoolhouse in Porter county 43 

fountain erected by D. A. R. as marker for Old Trails road, 

on State House grounds 200, 397 

honoring first settler in Spencer county 43 



INDEX 423 

MEMORIALS— Continued page 

honoring memory of founder of Wabash College at Craw- . 

f ordsville ...."; 43 

of General John Tipton 42 

of John Hay 42 

of "Johnny Appleseed" 42 

of Lincoln's home 42 

of men involved in "Harmar's Defeat" 81 

of Milroy family at Delphi 42, 94 

of Schuyler Colfax 42 

hospital and court house in Jay county 43, 181 

hospital and drinking fountain at Connersville 43 

hospital, monument and marker in Grant county 131 

log cabin erected by "Senate" in Tipton 258 

marker erected at Treaty Spring in Wabash county 265 

on Freeman boundaiy line in Dubois county 109 

on Michigan Road at Indianapolis 200 

on Michigan Road in Jefferson county 181 

on old Sac trail, and for first schoolhouse, in Val- 
paraiso 235 

on site of first Wabash College at Crawfordsville 221 

marker for General John Tipton pi-oposed by Tipton Library 

League of Counties 257 

marking historic roads and trails i 43 

marking historic spots in Spencer county 247 

Moose Lodge home at Fort Wayne 43 

permanent memorials erected 42-44 

proposed in White county for Col. Isaac White 278 

purchase of McCormick's Creek Caiion in Owen county 43 

purchase of old State House at Corydon 48 

state parks as centennial memorials 45-55 

tree planted honoring pioneers in Jasper county 180 

METHODIST CENTENNIAL, 

held in Daviess county in 1916 100 

MEXICAN WAR, 

featured in Spencer county pageant 246 

MIAMI COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 204 

MIAMI INDIANS, 

See Indians. 
figuring in pageant of Allen county 76-80 

MICHIGAN CITY, 

Centennial Home Coming Day 193 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

pi'esented pageant 194 

MILROY FAMILY, 

memorial erected at Delphi 42, 94 

MISHAWAKA, 

settlement featured in St. Joseph county pageant 251 

MISSIONARIES, 

featured in Michigan City pageant 194 

in Monticello pageant 277 

in South Bend pageant 251 



424 INDEX 

MONROE COUNTY, page 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 208 

MONTGOMERY COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

erected marker honoring founder of Wabash College 43 

observance of centennial 217 

MONTICELLO, 

presented pageant 276 

MOORES, CHARLES W., 

member of Indiana Historical Commission appointed by In- 
diana Historical Society 23 

MOORES, MERRILL, M. C, 

delivered address at Corydon celebration 138, 154-165 

MORGAN COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 223 

MOTHERS' AID SOCIETY, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 294 

MOUND BUILDERS, 

featured in Evansville pageant 260 

in Monticello pageant 276 

in Petersburg pageant 234 

MT. VERNON, 

presented pageant 236 

MOVING PICTURE FILM "INDIANA", 

preparation 31 

shov/n at Cannelton, Perry county 233 

at Connersville, Fayette county 118 

at Crawfordsville, Montgomery county 220 

at Delphi, Carroll county 94 

at Huntingburg, Dubois county 110 

at Lebanon, Boone county 90 

at Shoals, Martin county 204 

at Washington, Daviess county 101 

in Orange county 225 

MUSIC, 

Boston-National Grand Opera Company presented grand 

operas and oratorio during Jubilee at Indianapolis 282 

by Mrs. Helen Warrum Chappell and the People's Chorus at 

Admission Day exercises at Indianapolis 346, 371 

community singing feature of centennial observance in Cass 

county 96 

feature of Home Coming Day at Indianapolis 283 

featured in Salem celebration 270 

in celebration at Liberty, Union county 259 

in Floyd county celebration 121 

in Franklin county pageant , . . . . 126 

in Monticello pageant 278 

in pageant at Franklin 184 

in Scott county celebration 241 

in South Bend pageant 250 

in Warrick county celebration 267 

for South Bend celebration furnished by Pullman band 249 

furnished by Newsboys' Band at Fayette county centennial 
observance 118 



INDEX 425 

MUSIC— Continued page 

Hymn to Indiana composed for Bloomington pageant 211 

featured in Rockport pageant 246 

produced in Dubois centennial 110 

words 216 

words and music 372 

Indiana musical program in Dubois county centennial ob- 
servance 109 

Indiana slogan, words and music 400 

old melodies concert at Elkhart county celebration 116 

at Purdue celebration 256 

at Valparaiso 235, 236 

old-time instruments exhibited at Anderson 198 

old-time melodies feature of Rockport observance 245 

pageant in melcdv, by Indianapolis Military Band on County 

Day at Indianapolis 290, 291 

rendering of hymn "Indiana" by Henri Kampe at Newcastle. 172 

special feature of Bloomington pageant 212 

of celebration in Huntington county 174, 175 

of centennial observance in Clark county 97 

of Corydon pageant 138 

unique music for processional church pageant on ninth day 
of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 293 

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF CHARITIES AND CORREC- 
TION, 

meeting in Indianapolis, 1916, and exhibit in State House. . 32 
pageant presented for their benefit by Boys' School at Plain- 
field 170 

by Girl's School at Clermont 199 

NATIONAL GUARD, 

Third Infantry in service on Mexican border 350 

Third Infantry participating in celebration of Admission Day 
at Indianapolis 345 

NATIONAL OLD TRAILS ROAD ASSOCIATION, 

represented in Indianapolis on Centennial Highway Day.... 310 

NEW ALBANY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

presented pageant 121 

NEW HARMONY, 

presented pageant 236 

NE¥/ HARMONY EXPERIMENT, 

featured in Mt. Vernon pageant 237 

NEWCASTLE. 

presented pageant 172 

NEWSPAPERS, 

asf^istance in centennial observance at Earlharn College, Rich- 
mond 273 

in Adams county 75 

in Allen county 81 

in Boone county 86, 88 

in Carroll county 92 

in Dubois county 109 

in Fountain county 124 

in Fulton county 127 

in Hancock county 132 

in Kokomo, Howard county 173 



426 INDEX 

NEWSPAPERS— Continued page 

in Lake county 192 

in Montgomery county 218 

in Owen county 225 

in Porter county , 235 

in Ripley county 239, 240 

in Rush county 240 

in St. Joseph county 248 

in Spencer county 244 

in Tippecanoe county 255 

in Tipton county 257 

in Union county 259 

in Vanderburgh county 261 

in Vermillion county 262 

in Vigo county 263 

in Warren county , 266 

in White county 275 

throughout the state 32 

commended for centennial publicity by Governor Ralston in 
address Home Coming Day at Indianapolis 285 

establishment of first one featured in Evansville pageant.. . 260 

establishment of "Western Sun" of Vincennes featured in 
Dubois county pageant 112 

failure to assist in centennial observance in Johnson county. . 182 

in Pulaski county 238 

in Randolph county 239 

in Starke county 247 

NEWTON COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 224 

NOBLE COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 224 

NOBLE, JAMES, 

elected United States Senator, 1816 18 

member of Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

NORTHWEST TERRITORY, 

beginnings described in address by Governor . Ralston at 

Panama-Pacific Exposition 378 

Ordinance of 1787 establishing government 16 

NOTRE DAME UNIVERSITY, 

establishment featured in South Bend pageant 251 

NOTTINGHAM TOWNSHIP, WELLS COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 274 

OAKLAND CITY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

presented pageant 129 

O'BANNON, LEW M., 

See Addresses. 
appointed member of Indiana Historical Commission by Gov- 
ernor Ralston 23 

OHIO COUNTY, 

observa.nce of centennial 224 



INDEX 427 

OHIO VALLEY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION, PAGE 

address of President, Professor Harlow Lindley 324 

"A Hoosier Domesday" subject of address by Prof. Frederic 

L. Paxson, of Wisconsin 330 

convened in Indianapolis during centennial for tenth annual 

meeting 323 

program for convention at Indianapolis 323 

"OLD GLORY", 

poem by D. W. McKee recited by him at Fayette county cele- 
bration 120 

OLD SETTLERS DAY, 

feature of Washington county celebration 269 

OLD TRAILS ROAD, 

fountain erected as marker on State House grounds 397 

OLYMPIC GAMES, 

on sixth day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 291 

ORANGE COUNTY 

observance of centennial 225 

ORDINANCE OF 1787, 

government of Northwest Territory provided 16 

principles commended in address by Dr. James A. Woodburn, 

Admission Day 366 

in address by Governor Ralston at Panama-Pacific Ex- 
position 378 

OWEN COUNTY, 

assistance in purchase of McCormick's Creek Canyon. .. .43, 225 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

observance of centennial 225 

OWENSVILLE, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

presented pageant 128 

PAGEANT, 

in music, arranged by H. W. Klausmann and presented during 

Jubilee at Indianapolis 290, 291 

PAGEANT AUTHORS, 

Bloomington, W. C. Langdon 208 

Boonville, Mrs. Ada Hopkins, Mrs. Nell Fulling, Miss Gladys 

Gough, Mrs. Natalie Wilson, Wm. L. Barker 267 

Brookville, Professor Charlton Andrews 126 

Brownstown, Miss Kate F. Andrews 178 

Cass county, Sue Blassingham 95 

Clermont, Miss Charity Dye 199 

Cokimbus, Vida Newsom 82 

Connersville, Miss Harriet Williams 119 

Corydon, W. C. Langdon 165 

Crawfordsville, Prof. G. M. Miller and others 221 

Earlham College, Richmond, Vv alter C. Woodv/ard 273 

Elkhart, Mrs. George B. Slate 114 

Evansville, Mrs. Albion Fellows Bacon 262 

Fort Wayne, Donald Robertson and Wallace Rice 77 

Franklin, Miss Jeanette Zeppenf eld 184 

Greensburg, Mrs. J. C. Meek, Mrs. O. G. Miller 103 

Huntingburg, Miss Genevieve Williams 110 

27—15997 



428 INDEX 

PAGEANT AUTHORS— Continued page 

Indianapolis, William C. Langdon 317 

Irvington, George S. and Mrs. Cottman 201 

Laporte, Earl Roswell North 194 

Marion, Eugene McGillan 130 

Monticello, Miss Emma B. Shealey 276 

Mt. Vernon, Mrs. Nora C. Fretageot and Mrs. Mary H. 

Planner 236 

New Albany, Prof. Charles B. McLinn 121 

New Harmony, Charity Dye 236 

Newcastle, Captain and Mrs. A. D. Ogborn 172 

Oakland City, Ella C. Wheatley 129 

Owensville, Mrs. A. W. Thompson, Mrs. Florence Leonard, 

J. Roy Strickland, J. A. Yager 128 

Peru, Claude Y. Andrews 205 

Petersburg, Mrs. Alice P. Stoops 234 

Plainfield, W. O. Conway 170 

Roann, Mrs. G. H. Brodbeck 265 

Rockport, Mrs. Kate Milner Rabb 245 

Rockville, Mrs. Juliet V. Strauss 229 

Shelbyville, W. W. Leslie and J. S. Johnson 242 

South Bend, Mrs. W. K. Lamport 249 

Spencer, Carl Anderson 225 

Troy, Thomas James de la Hunt 232 

Valparaiso, Mrs. A. A. Williams 236 

Vincennes, George S. Cottman 186 

PAGEANT FLAG. 

designing by William Chauncy Langdon 322 

PAGEANT OF INDIANA, 

classification 40, 74 

given for one week during Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis. 317 

PAGEANTRY, 

study locally and in State University 36-41 

PAGEANTS, 

See Pantomime. 

at Bloomington considered as laboratory pageant for instruc- 
tion of state 39, 211 

at Boonville, Warrick county 266 

at Boys' School at Plainfield, Hendricks county 170 

at Brookville, Franklin county 126 

at Cannelton, Perry county 233 

at Columbus, Bartholomew county 82 

at Connersville, Fayette county 118 

at Corydon, Harrison county 165 

at Crawfordsville, Montgomery county 221 

at Earlham College, Richmond, Wayne county 271 

at East Chicago, Lake county 192 

at Elkhart, Elkhart county 114 

at Fort Wayne, Allen county 76-80 

at Frankfort schools in Clinton county 98 

at Franklin, Johnson county 184 

at Girls' School at Clermont, Marion county 199 

at Greensburg, Decatur county, spoiled by rain 102, 103 

at Huntingburg, Dubois county 110, 111 

at Irvington, Marion county 201 

at Lebanon, Boone county 89 

at Logansport, Cass county 95 



INDEX 



429 



PAGEANTS— Continued page 

at Madison, Jefl'erson county 181 

at Marion, Grant county 130 

at Michigan City, Laporte county, featuring the Dunes 194 

at Monticello, White county 276 

at Mt. Vernon, Posey county 2S7 

at New Albany, Floyd county 121 

at Newcastle, Henry county 172 

at Oakland City, Gibson county 129 

at Owensville, Gibson county 128 

at Petersburg, Pike county 234 

at Plainfield, Boys' School, Hendricks county 170 

at Plymouth, Marshall county 202, 203 

at Roann, Wabash county 265 

at Rockport, Spencer county 244 

at Rockville, Parke county 229 

at Salem, Washington county 269 

at Seymour, Jackson county 178 

at Shelbyville, Shelby county 242 

at South Bend, St. Joseph county 249 

at Spencer, Owen county 225 

at Troy, Perry county 232 

at Valparaiso, Porter county 236 

at Vincennes, Knox county 186 

at Warsaw schools, Kosciiisko county 191 

at Waveland, Montgomery county 220 

classification, as county, regional or city 40, 73, 74 

masque "Spirit of the West" featured in Floyd county 

pageant 122 

New Harmony Pageant in 1914 considered as giving birth to 

Indiana pageants • 236 

of Indiana given for one week during Centennial Jubilee at 

Riverside Park, Indianapolis _. . 317 

processional church pageant on ninth day of Centennial 

Jubilee at Indianapolis 293 

processional pageant by school children in Lagrange 191 

Riley pageant given in schools in Benton county 85 

written and suggested by Miss Charity Dye 39 

written by home talent = 40 

PANAMA-PACIFIC EXPOSITION, 

address of Governor Ralston 375 

PANTOMIME, 

feature of celebration of Centennial Educational Day at In- 
dianapolis 312 

PARADES, 

See Centennial Cavalcade. 

at Culver, Sunday school and historical 203 

at Madison, Jefferson county 181 

automobile on Centennial Highway Day in Centennial Jubilee 

at Indianapolis 301 

baby show and historical parade at Shelbyville 242 

centennial, at Valparaiso 235 

Centennial Cavalcade, County Day at Indianapolis 288 

civic and industrial at South Bend, St. Joseph county 249 

county automobile, at Bluff ton 274 

decorated automobiles at Newcastle 171 

distinguished from pageant 36 

feature of Centennial Educational Day at Indianapolis 311 



430 INDEX 

PARADES— Continued page 

feature of centennial observance in Blackford county 85 

in Boone county 89 

in Carroll county 93 

in Daviess county 100 

in Dekalb county 104, 105 

in Delaware county 106 

in Dubois county 110 

in Fayette county 118 

in Floyd county 121 

in Franklin county 127 

in Miami county 207, 208 

floats and automobiles, at Liberty, Union county 259 

Grand Army, in Evansville celebration 261 

historical and industrial at Boonville 268 

at Mt. Vernon 237 

at Tell City 231 

historical, at Scottsburg 241 

industrial and labor, on eighth day of Centennial Jubilee at 

Indianapolis 292 

of nations, in Vermillion county 262 

pageant parade at Rockville 229 

at Southport, Marion county 200 

patriotic and fraternal organizations in Centennial Jubilee at 

Indianapolis 282 

Public Health on tenth day of Centennial Jubilee at Indian- 
apolis 299 

school boys at Crawfordsville 218 

school children at Kentland 224 

schools and industries in Kosciusko county 190 

showing a century of progress at Anderson 197 

with historical features at Hammond, Lake county 192 

PARKE, BENJAMIN, 

member of Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

PARKE COUNTY, 

Carnegie Library as centennial memorial 43 

classification of pageants 40, 73 

erected marker for William Henry Harrison Trail 42 

observance of centennial 226 

PATRIOTIC ORGANIZATIONS, 

review first day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 282 

PENDLETON, 

Home Coming Day for Madison county 19G 

PERRY COUNTY, 

classification of pageants 40, 73 

observance of centennial 230 

PERU, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

presented pageant 205 

PETERSBURG, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

presented pageant 234 

PIKE COUNTY, 

classification of pageant .'. . .41, 73 

observance of centennial 233 



INDEX 



431 



PILGRIMS, PAGE 

feature of pageant at Marion 130 

PINE VILLAGE, WAPvREN COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 



266 



PIONEER MOTHER, 

featured in Bartholomew county pageant 83 

memorial boulder erected at Southport, Marion county 200 

plea for more honor to her memory by Governor Ralston at 

Connersville 396 

PIONEER MOTHER MEMORIAL, 

donation by Library League of Counties in Tipton 257 

plans of Indiana Historical Commission outlined 43, 62 

PIONEERS, 

See Early Life in Indiana; Relics. 

achievements reviewed in address by Governor Ralston at 

Panama-Pacific Exposition 376 

described in address by Merrill Moores at Corydon celebration 159 

featured in Bartholomew county pageant 83 

in Bloomington pageant 212 

in Boonville pageant 267 

in celebration at Anderson 197 

in Connersville pageant 119 

in Crawfordsville pageant 222 

in Franklin county pageant 126 

in Franklin pageant, Johnson county 184 

in Huntington county celebration 175 

in Marshall county celebration at Plymouth 203 

in Michigan City pageant 194 

in Monticello pageant 277 

in Mt. Vernon pageant 287 

in Oakland City pageant 129 

in Owensville pageant 128 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in Petersburg pageant 234 

in Rockport pageant 246 

in Rockville pageant 229 

in school observance in Benton county 85 

in Shelbyville pageant 243 

in South Bend celebration 249, 251 

in Waveland pageant 220 

PLAINFIELD BOYS' SCHOOL, 

presented pageant 170 

PLYMOUTH, 

pageant given by schools 202 

presented pageant 203 

POPULAR GOVERNMENT, 

first established in Indiana 16 

POPULATION, 

basis for petitions for statehood 17 

in 1800^ 16 

PORTER COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

erected marker on Old Sac Trail 43 

erected memorial on site of first schoolhouse 43 

observance of centennial 234 



432 INDEX 

POSEY COUNTY, PAGE 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial . 286 

POSTS, 

See Trading Posts. 

PRISONS, 

i-eform featuied in pageant at Michigan City 194 

PUBLIC HEALTH, 

parade showing progress on tenth day of Centennial Jubilee 

at Indianapolis 299 

progress in Indiana 387 

state and local organizations represented in parade on tenth 

day of Centennial Jubilee at Indianapolis 299 

PUBLICATIONS, 

by Indiana Historical Commission 58-61, 64 

PULASKI COUNTY, 

observance of centennial , 238 

PURDUE UNIVERSITY, 

classification of pageant 40 

presentation of pageant for Tippecanoe county 255 

represented by band in Centennial Educational Day at In- 
dianapolis 312 

PUTNAM COUNTY, 

lost scenic property through lack of public spirit 47 

observance of centennial 238 

QUAKERS, 

See Friends Church. 

featured in Earlham pageant, Richmond 271 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 295 

RAILROADS, 

featured in Franklin county pageant 126 

in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318, 321 

old "Atlantic" railroad engine exhibited in Daviess county. . 101 

RALSTON, GOVERNOR SAMUEL M., 

address at Admission Day exercises. State House 347 

at Aurora, Dearborn county 101 

at Corydon celebration 138-147 

at Fayette County Centennial 118, 395 

at Indiana Products Day dinner in Indianapolis. .201, 390 
at memorial marking Michigan Road in Decatur county 103 
at Monument, Home Coming Day, October 3, 1916.. . . 284 

at Panama-Pacific Exposition, June 26, 1915 375 

at unveiling of fountain presented by Daughters of the 

Ameiican Revolution in State Hovise grounds 397 

proclamation concerning Centennial Educational Day at In- 
dianapolis 310 

represented state officially at Harrison county pageant 137 

RANDOLPH COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 238 

RAPP, FREDERICK, 

' member Constitutional Convention, 1816 17 

RAPPITES, 

featured in Mt. Vernon pageant 237 



INDEX 



433 



RELICS ^^^^ 

collection as permanent memorials suggested 44 

exhibited at Anderson |^| 

at Bloomfield • • ^^^ 

at Boone county celebration o», ju 

at Boonville 202 

at Bourbon „„„ 

at Clinton, Vermillion county ^o^ 

at Columbus oot 

at Crawfordsville • • • • ^f^ 

at Daviess county celebration i^". |"^ 

at Decatur county celebration |"^ 

at Fayette county observance ^^° 

at Fort Wayne °j 

at Fountain City • • • • • ^'\ 

at Fountain county centennial observance i^^ 

at Franklin county centennial observance i-^i 

at Huntington | '^ 

at Jackson county celebration '■■:•••-■■■••:■■■••• ^i ^ 
at John Herron Art Institute during October, I'Jlb ... dlb 

af Kentland ^„„ 

at Kokomo iLi 

at Liberty ••.••;••,: {■ onn 

at McKinley school m Indianapolis ^^^ 

at Marion in Grant county J^^ 

at Monticello ^\^ 

at New Richmond ^^^ 

at Parke county celebration ^^o 

at Pendleton ^T^ 

at Peru ^no 

at Plymouth |"^ 

at Rockport ZTf^ 

at Rushville 1^" 

at Scottsburg ^^j: 

at Shelbyville ^*; 

at Starke county celebration ^^ ' 

at Tell City ^t^t 

at Valparaiso r'^J: 

at Warsaw ^^" 

at Winchester ^^^ 

permanent housing suggested • 

^^^■^^aSl made for religious life in address by Rev. John Cav- 

anaugh at Corydon : ' vr • ■ ■ y -:r ^ i^t 

provision for freedom in Constitution ol ISlb lOJ 

REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS, 

WMlliam Hendricks first elected 1816 ^° 

RICHMOND, .. „o 74 

classification of pageant • '^^' '^' '^ 

pageant presented by Earlham College ^ ' J- 

RILEY, JAMES WHITCOMB, 

See Authors. 
shown in moving picture "Indiana" telling story of Indiana to ^^ 
children 

RIPLEY COUNTY, „o 

classification of pageant '^ 

observance of centennial '^"^^ 



434 INDEX 

ROADS, PAGE 

See Highways; Old Trails Road. 
subject of address by President Wilson on Centennial High- 
way Day at Indianapolis 302 

ROANN, WABASH COUNTY, 

centennial celebration 265 

classification of pageant 41 

ROCKPORT, 

presented pageant 244 

ROCKVILLE, 

presented pageant 229 

RUSH COUNTY, 

classification of celebration. . . . , 73 

observance of centennial 240 

ST. FRANCIS OF THE ORCHARDS, 

See Johnny Appleseed. 

ST. .JOSEPH COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 248 

SALEM, 

erected marker for John Hay home 42 

presented pageant 269 

SALVATION ARMY, 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 294 

SARGENT, WINTHROP, 

organized Knox county in 1790 16 

SCHOOLS, 

See Colleges. 
a century's progress shown in parade and exhibits on Cen- 
tennial Educational Day at Indianapolis 311, 312 

early schools featured in Crawfordsville pageant 223 

in Roikville pageant 229 

educational legislation reviewed by Governor Ralston in ad- 
dress at Panama-Pacific Exposition 381 

featured in pageant at Franklin 184 

home coming reunion featured in Warrick county celebration. 268 
ideas of founders of state commended in address by Governor 

Ralston at Corydon 143, 144 

memorial to first school erected in Boone county 87 

observance of centennial in Adams county 76 

in Bartholomew county 84 

in Benton county 85 

in Boone county 87, 90 

in Brown county 91 

in Carroll county 92 

in Cass county 95 

in Clay county 97 

in Clinton county 98 

in Crawford county 99 

in Daviess county 100 

in Dearborn county 101 

in Decatur county 102 

in Dekalb county 104 



INDEX 



435 



SCHOOLS— Continued PAGE 

in Delaware county 107 

in Dubois county 108 

in Elkhart county 116 

in Fayette county 117 

in Floyd county 121 

in Fountain county 124 

in Franklin county 125 

in Fulton county 127 

in Gibson county 129 

in Grant county 131 

in Greene county 131 

in Hancock county 133 

in Harrison county 137 

in Hendricks county 169 

in Henry county 172 

in Howard county 172 

in Huntington county 174 

in Jackson county 177, 179 

in Jasper county 179 

in Kosciusko county 190 

in Laporte county 193 

in Madison county 197, 198, 199 

in Marion county 199, 200 

in Marshall county 202 

in Montgomery county 218 

in Noble county 224 

in Ohio county 224 

in Parke county 228 

in Perry county 231, 232 

in Pulaski county 238 

in Ripley county 239 

in St. Joseph county 248 

in Shelbyville 242 

in Spencer county 244 

in Starke county 247 

in Steuben county 253 

in Tippecanoe county 254 

in Union county 259 

in Vanderburgh county 261 

in Vermillion county 261 

in Warren county 266 

in Washington county 269 

in Wayne county 271 

in White county 274, 275 

in Whitley county 279 

officers of state and city schools in charge of Centennial Edu- 
cational Day at Indianapolis 311 

organization for centennial observance in Johnson county. . . . 182 

pageant presented at Boys' School at Plainfield 170 

at Girls' School at Clermont 199 

participation in Public Health parade at Indianapolis 299 

reproduction of pioneers at Huntington 175, 176 

work in preparation for centennial observance 33 

SCOTT COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 241 



SCOTT, JAMES, 

member of Constitutional Convention, 1816. 



17 



436 INDEX 

SENATORS, PAGE 

James Noble and Waller Taylor first elected, 1816 18 

SETTLERS, 

See Early Life in Indiana. 

first white 15 

French settlers featured in Dubois county pageant Ill 

in South Bend pageant 250 

SEYMOUR, 

presented pageant 178 

SHAKESPEARE, 

featured in pageant at Seymour 178 

SHELBY COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 241 

SHELBYVILLE, 

presented pageant 242 

SLAVERY, 

provision against in Constitution of 1816 160 

SLOCUM, FRANCES, 

featured in Marion pageant , 130 

in Monticello pageant 277 

in Peru pageant 205 

SOUTH BEND, 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

erected permanent memorial to Johnny Appleseed 42 

presented pageant 249 

settlement featured in St. Joseph county pageant 251 

SPENCER, 

presented pageant 225 

SPENCER, CAPTAIN SPIERS, 

featured in Rockport pageant 246 

represented in Centennial Cavalcade 289 

SPENCER COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

memorials erected marking historic spots 43, 247 

observance of centennial , 243 

STANDPIPE-HOLLY CONTROVERSY, 

featured in South Bend pageant 252 

STARKE COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 247 

STATE, 

See Indiana. 

STATE CELEBRATION, 

Indiana Centennial Jubilee program 280 

STATE CHARITIES, 

commendation by National Conference of Charities and Cor- 
rection 32 

progress in Indiana 385, 386 



INDEX A'S'i 

STATE PARKS, PAGE 

as centennial memorials 45-55 

movement as part of publicity campaign for centennial 28 

report of chairman of Park committee 50-55 

STEUBEN COUNTY, 

obsei'vance of centennial 253 

STRAUSS, MRS. JULIET V., 

address at Monticello celebration 275 

author of pageant of Parke county 229 

SULLIVAN COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 254 

SUMMARY, 

of activities of Indiana Historical Commission in 1915-16. .62-65 

SWISS COLONIZATION SOCIETY, 

featured in Cannelton pageant 233 

SWITZERLAND COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 254 

SYRACUSE, 

classification of pageant 41 

TAFT, WILLIAM HOWARD, 

speaker of County Day, fifth day of Centennial Jubilee at 
Indianapolis 289, 290 

TAYLOR, WALLER, 

elected United States Senator, 1816 18 

TEACHERS' INSTITUTE, 

attention to centennial observance in White county 275 

TECUMSEH, 

See Indians. 

featured in pageant at Boys' School , 170 

TELL CITY, 

observance of centennial, Perry county 231 

THOMPSON, MAURICE, 

See Authors. 
featured in Crawf ordsville pageant 223 

TIPPECANOE, BATTLE OF, 

featured in Monticello pa8ea.nt 276 

in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318 

in Petersburg pageant 234 

TIPPECANOE COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 254 

TIPTON, 

auditorium in city park as centennial memorial 43^ 

log cabin erected in court house square 258 

TIPTON COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial , 256 

TIPTON, GENERAL JOHN. 

memorial erected at Tipton 42 



438 INDEX 

TRADING POSTS, PAGE 

established at Vincennes 15 

featured in Huntington county celebration 175 

in Monticello pageant 277 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in South Bend pageant 260 

in Vincennes pageant 186 

TRAILS, 

See Highways; Old Trails Road. 

"Buffalo Trace" featured in Dubois county pageant 112 

markers locating historic trails 43 

National Old Trails Road Association represented in Indian- 
apolis on Centennial Highway Day 310 

TRAINING DAY, 

amusements featured in Cannelton pageant 233 

TREES, 

anniversary elm planted in Dearborn county 101 

centennial elm planted in Tipton 257 

Constitutional Elm setting for Corydon pageant 74 

Constitutional Elm under which some meetings of 1816 con- 
vention were held 18 

memorial tree planted honoring pioneers in Jasper county. . . 180 
value in Turkey Run noted in report of State Park Committee 50 
wasteful destruction noted by State Forestry Board 48 

TROY, 

classification of pageant 41 

observance of centennial. Perry county 232 

TURKEY RUN, 

report of purchase 50-55 

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD, 

featured in Bartholomew county pageant 84 

in Crawfordsville pageant 223 

in Decatur county pageant 103 

in Earlham pageant, Richmond 272 

in Elkhart county pageant 115 

in Marion pageant 130 

in Monticello pageant 278 

in Oakland City pageant 129 

in Owensville pageant 129 

in pageant at Boys' School 170 

in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318, 321 

in Petersburg pageant 234 

in Rockville pageant 229 

in Salem pageant 270 

in Valparaiso pageant 236 

in Waveland pageant 220 

mention of home of Levi Coffin, President, in Wayne county 
celebration 271 

UNION, 

Indiana's admission 15, 17 

UNION COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 258 



INDEX 439 

UNITED STATES MAILS, PAGE 

featured in Dubois county pageant 112 

in Franklin county pageant 126 

in Marion pageant 130 

in Monticello pageant 277 

in pageant at Boys' School . , 170 

VALPARAISO, 

presented pageant 236 

VANDERBURGH COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 260 

VERMILLION COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 73 

observance of centennial 261 

VIGO COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 263 

VINCENNES, 

capital of territory established 16 

classification of pageant 40, 73, 74 

post attacked by George Rogers Clark 15 

preparation for centennial observance 185 

presented pageant 186 

settlement featured in Petersburg pageant 234 

taking featured in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 318 

WABASH, 

erected marker at Treaty Spring 43 

WABASH COLLEGE, 

memorial erected in Crawfordsville 43 

WABASH COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 264 

WABASH RIVER, 

featured in pageant at Vincennes 186 

WAGON AND PLOW, 

featured in Pageant of Indiana at Indianapolis 321 

WALLACE, LEW, 

featured in Crawfordsville pageant 223 

WARREN COUNTY, 

classification oi^ celebration 73 

observance of centennial 266 

WARRICK COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 266 

WARSAW, 

presented pageant, in schools 191 

WASHINGTON COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 41, 73 

erected marker for John Hay home 42 

observance of centennial 268 



440 INDEX 

WATSON, JAMES E., page 

See Addresses. 

Flag Day address at Crawfordsville 221 

WAVELAND, 

observance of centennial 219, 220 

WAYNE COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 270 

WAYNETOWN, 

observance of centennial 219, 220 

WELLS COUNTY, 

classification of celebration 73 

observance of centennial 274 

WEST LEBANON, WARREN COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 266 

WHITE COUNTY, 

classification of pageant 40, 73 

observance of centennial 274 

WHITE ROSE OF THE MIAMIS, 

See Slocum, Frances. 

WHITLEY COUNTY, 

observance of centennial 279 

WILSON, PRESIDENT WOODROW, 

addresses on Centennial Highway Day at Indianapolis.. .302, 310 

WOLFORD, LEAH JACKSON, 

prepared book "The Play Party in Indiana" for Historical 

Commission 60 

WOMEN'S CLUBS, 

Admission Day program in Sullivan 254 

assistance in observance of centennial at Bedford 195 

at Fort Wayne 81 

in Boone county 88, 89 

in Clark county 97 

in Dearborn county 101 

in Decatur county 103 

in Delaware county 106 

in Dubois county 109 

in Fayette county 118 

in Gibson county 129 

in Indianapolis 200 

in Jasper county 179 

in Johnson county 183 

in Kokomo, Howard county 173 

in Marshall county 202 

in Owen county 225 

in Perry county 231 

in Porter county 235 

in St. Joseph county 248 

in Tipton county 258 

in Washington county 269 

in White county 275 

in Whitley county 279 

erected centennial memorial in Greenfield 133 

exhibit in Woman's Building at Allen county celebration .... 81 

featured in St. Joseph county pageant. , 251 

originated in Indiana 328, 383 

work in preparation for centennial observance 33, 35 



INDEX 441 

WOODBURN, DR. JAMES A., page 
"Foundations of Commonwealth" subject of centennial ad- 
dress at Admission Day exercises at Indianapolis 357 

member Indiana Historical Commission 23 

WOODWARD, WALTER C, 

See Addresses. 

assisted in campaign of education for centennial 27 

author of pageant for Earlham College 273 

chosen director of Historical Commission 24 

letter commending Huntington celebration 175 

letter summarizing Corydon celebration 167 

report of county celebrations 71 

WORTHINGTON, 

observance of centennial •. 131 

Vv^YNN, DR. FRANK B., 

See Addresses. 
appointed member of Indiana Historical Commission by Gov- 
ernor Ralston 23 

Y. M. C. A., 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 295 

Y. W. C. A., 

represented in processional pageant at Indianapolis 295 



